Chapter 7: DNA Profile Exam 3ac
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The pattern of DNA fragments created through the process of gel electrophoresis.
- A.
DNA Fingerprint
- B.
PCR
- C.
STR
- D.
VNTR
Correct Answer
A. DNA FingerprintExplanation
Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size. The fragments are loaded onto a gel and an electric current is applied, causing the fragments to move towards the positive electrode. Smaller fragments move faster and travel further, while larger fragments move slower and travel a shorter distance. This results in a pattern of bands on the gel, which can be visualized and analyzed to create a DNA fingerprint. DNA fingerprinting is a method used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA fragment patterns, making it the correct answer in this context.Rate this question:
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- 2.
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein or trait.
- A.
Gene
- B.
Allele
- C.
Chromosome
- D.
PCR
Correct Answer
A. GeneExplanation
A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein or determining a particular trait. It is the basic unit of heredity and is responsible for passing on genetic information from parents to offspring. Genes play a crucial role in determining an individual's characteristics, such as eye color, height, and susceptibility to certain diseases. They are essential for the proper functioning and development of an organism.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A molecule that cuts a DNA molecule at a specific base sequence
- A.
Restriction Enzyme
- B.
PCR
- C.
STR
- D.
VNTR
Correct Answer
A. Restriction EnzymeExplanation
A restriction enzyme is a molecule that cuts a DNA molecule at a specific base sequence. It recognizes and binds to a specific DNA sequence, and then cleaves the DNA at specific points within or near that sequence. This process is important in genetic engineering and molecular biology techniques, as it allows for the manipulation and analysis of DNA. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences, STR (Short Tandem Repeat) and VNTR (Variable Number Tandem Repeat) are types of DNA sequences used in forensic analysis.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Tandem repeats of short DNA sequences 2-5 base pairs in length.
- A.
STR
- B.
VNTR
- C.
PCR
- D.
Allele
Correct Answer
A. STRExplanation
STR stands for short tandem repeats, which are repeated sequences of DNA that are 2-5 base pairs in length. These repeats can vary in length and number of repetitions between individuals, making them useful for DNA profiling and forensic analysis. STR analysis involves amplifying these repeat regions using a technique called polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the resulting DNA fragments can be used to determine an individual's unique genetic profile. Therefore, the correct answer is STR.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The process where DNA is cut and placed on a gel where it moves based on size to create a pattern is known as Gel Electrophoresis.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Gel electrophoresis is a widely used technique in molecular biology to separate and analyze DNA fragments based on their size. In this process, DNA samples are cut into smaller fragments using restriction enzymes and then placed on a gel. An electric current is applied to the gel, causing the negatively charged DNA fragments to migrate towards the positive electrode. Since smaller fragments move faster through the gel, a distinct pattern of bands is formed, allowing scientists to determine the size and quantity of DNA fragments. Therefore, the statement that gel electrophoresis is the process where DNA is cut and placed on a gel to create a pattern based on size is true.Rate this question:
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- 6.
DNA in a gel electrophoresis separates based on its size.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
DNA in a gel electrophoresis separates based on its size because the gel acts as a sieve, with smaller DNA fragments being able to move more easily through the pores than larger fragments. As an electric current is applied, the negatively charged DNA molecules migrate towards the positive electrode. Smaller fragments move faster and travel further through the gel, resulting in separation based on size. This technique is commonly used in molecular biology to analyze and compare DNA samples.Rate this question:
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- 7.
When DNA moves through the gel, the larger size fragments travel the furthest.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The given statement is false. In gel electrophoresis, smaller DNA fragments move faster and travel further through the gel, while larger fragments move slower and travel a shorter distance. This is because the gel matrix creates resistance, causing larger fragments to experience more hindrance and slower movement compared to smaller fragments. Therefore, the smaller size fragments actually travel the furthest in gel electrophoresis.Rate this question:
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- 8.
DNA can be extracted from blood, semen, saliva, and hair follicles.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
This statement is true because DNA can indeed be extracted from blood, semen, saliva, and hair follicles. These sources contain cells that have DNA, which can be isolated and extracted using various laboratory techniques. Blood is a commonly used source for DNA extraction, as it contains a high concentration of nucleated cells. Semen also contains sperm cells, which have DNA. Saliva contains cheek cells that can be used for DNA analysis. Hair follicles contain root cells that have DNA, and hair shafts can also contain trace amounts of DNA. Therefore, all of these sources can be used for DNA extraction.Rate this question:
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- 9.
By comparing the DNA from a crime scene to various suspects, forensics examiners can link a suspect to a crime scene.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Forensics examiners can compare the DNA found at a crime scene with the DNA of various suspects to determine if there is a match. If there is a match, it indicates that the suspect was present at the crime scene and therefore can be linked to the crime. This process is a crucial tool in solving crimes and identifying perpetrators.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A gene that has more than one alternating form, like those that code for various blood types is known as a(n):
- A.
Allele
- B.
Chromosome
- C.
Gene
- D.
STR
Correct Answer
A. AlleleExplanation
An allele is the correct answer because it refers to a gene that has more than one alternating form. In the case of blood types, there are multiple alleles that code for different blood types such as A, B, and O. Alleles are different versions of the same gene found at the same location on a chromosome.Rate this question:
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- 11.
There are 46 __________________ in human cells, which are long strand of DNA found in the nucleus.
- A.
Chromosomes
- B.
Alleles
- C.
Genes
- D.
PCRs
Correct Answer
A. ChromosomesExplanation
Chromosomes are the correct answer because they are the long strands of DNA found in the nucleus of human cells. They carry genetic information and are responsible for the transmission of traits from one generation to another. Each human cell typically contains 46 chromosomes, except for gametes (sperm and egg cells) which have 23 chromosomes each.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A molecule labeled with a radioactive isotope that attaches to a particular sequence of DNA is known as a:
- A.
Probe
- B.
PCR
- C.
Allele
- D.
Chromosome
Correct Answer
A. ProbeExplanation
A molecule labeled with a radioactive isotope that attaches to a particular sequence of DNA is known as a probe. Probes are used in molecular biology to detect and identify specific DNA sequences. They can be used to locate genes, identify genetic variations, or detect the presence of specific pathogens or mutations. By binding to the target DNA sequence, the probe allows scientists to visualize and study the DNA of interest.Rate this question:
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- 13.
A method of separating DNA molecules based on size by passing them through a argarose gel to create a DNA fingerprint.
- A.
Electrophoresis
- B.
Gene
- C.
PCR
- D.
STR
Correct Answer
A. ElectrophoresisExplanation
Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA molecules based on their size. In this method, the DNA samples are loaded onto an agarose gel and an electric current is applied. The negatively charged DNA molecules move towards the positive electrode, and their movement is hindered by the gel matrix. Smaller DNA fragments move faster and migrate further through the gel, while larger fragments move slower and migrate a shorter distance. This separation pattern creates a unique DNA fingerprint, which can be used for various applications such as genetic testing, forensic analysis, and paternity testing.Rate this question:
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- 14.
A method used to replicate small samples of DNA in to millions of copies is known as
- A.
PCR
- B.
STR
- C.
VNTR
- D.
Restriction enzyme
Correct Answer
A. PCRExplanation
PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction. It is a method used to amplify or replicate small samples of DNA into millions of copies. This technique allows scientists to create multiple copies of a specific DNA sequence, making it easier to study and analyze. PCR involves a series of temperature changes that help to denature the DNA, allowing primers to bind and DNA polymerase to synthesize new strands. This process is widely used in various fields of research, such as genetic testing, forensic analysis, and molecular biology.Rate this question:
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- 15.
GGCTCTGGATCGCTAG|GGCTCTGGATCGCTAG|GGCTCTGGATCGCTAGThe DNA code above repeats 3 times and would be classified as a
- A.
Variable number tandem repeat
- B.
Short tandem repeat
- C.
PCR
- D.
Gel Electrophoresis
Correct Answer
A. Variable number tandem repeatExplanation
The given DNA code repeats 3 times, indicating a variable number tandem repeat. Variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) are regions of DNA where a short sequence of nucleotides is repeated a variable number of times. In this case, the sequence "GGCTCTGGATCGCTAG" is repeated three times, making it a VNTR. Short tandem repeats (STRs) are also regions of DNA with repeated sequences, but the number of repeats is usually constant. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and Gel Electrophoresis are laboratory techniques used to amplify and analyze DNA, respectively, and are not applicable in this context.Rate this question:
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- 16.
DNA from a Crime Scene was deposited in row 1. DNA was obtained from suspects Bob, Sue, John , and Lisa. Which suspects DNA matches the crime scene DNA?
- A.
Bob
- B.
Sue
- C.
John
- D.
Lisa
Correct Answer
C. JohnExplanation
John's DNA matches the crime scene DNA.Rate this question:
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- 17.
P=Crime Scene DNA, S1=Suspect 1, S2= Suspect 2, S3=Suspect 3.Which suspect left DNA at the Crime Scene?
- A.
P
- B.
S1
- C.
S2
- D.
S3
Correct Answer
C. S2Explanation
Suspect 2 left DNA at the crime scene.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Two men were involved in a paternity suit brought by a woman against her estranged husband. The woman was seeking child support for her infant from her husband, but the husband accused the woman's lover of being the biological father. Unfortunately, blood typing was inconclusive: both men had the same blood type. So the judge ordered DNA analysis. A sample of blood was taken from the mother, the baby, and both men. The results are shown below. Who is the father of the baby? ________Which band was most useful in making your decision? ________
Correct Answer
Lover
8Explanation
The lover is the father of the baby because the DNA analysis showed that the baby shares a band with the lover. This band was the most useful in making the decision because it indicates a genetic match between the lover and the baby, confirming paternity.Rate this question:
- 19.
DNA from a crime scene matched that of a suspect. This means that the suspect, without a doubt, committed the crime.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The given statement is incorrect. Matching DNA from a crime scene to a suspect does not automatically mean that the suspect committed the crime. While DNA evidence can be strong evidence in a case, it is not definitive proof of guilt. Other factors such as witness testimonies, alibis, and additional evidence need to be considered before concluding that a suspect is guilty. Therefore, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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