Chapter 4- Vocabulary Quiz - 'chemical Bonds' (10)

A naturally occurring solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition, and is needed by the body, is referred to as a mineral. This definition fits the characteristics of a mineral, as it is not organic and is essential for the body's functioning. On the other hand, an element is a general term that encompasses both organic and inorganic substances, and does not specifically denote a solid with a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition. Therefore, the correct answer is mineral.

The attraction between two oppositely charged ions, one being a metal and the other a nonmetal, is known as an ionic bond. In this type of bond, electrons are transferred from the metal atom to the nonmetal atom, resulting in the formation of positive and negative ions. The opposite charges of these ions attract each other, creating a strong bond between the two atoms. This is exemplified in the formation of sodium chloride (NaCl), where a positive sodium ion (Na+) and a negative chloride ion (Cl-) are attracted to each other, forming an ionic bond.

An element that lacks most properties of a metal is called a nonmetal. Nonmetals typically have low melting and boiling points, are poor conductors of heat and electricity, and are brittle. They are located on the right side of the periodic table and include elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon.

A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons. In this type of bond, the electrons are not transferred from one atom to another, but rather they are shared between the atoms. This type of bond is typically formed between nonmetals or between a nonmetal and a metalloid. In the given question, the bond between two metal atoms is described as "sharing" electrons, which is characteristic of a covalent bond. Therefore, the correct answer is covalent bond.

A "polar bond" is a covalent bond where the electrons are shared unequally between the atoms, resulting in a partial positive charge on one atom and a partial negative charge on the other. When a molecule contains polar bonds that do not cancel out, the molecule is also considered polar.

A nonpolar covalent bond is one in which the electrons are shared equally between the atoms. This results in a molecule that contains nonpolar bonds or polar bonds that cancel out. In such molecules, there is no separation of charge and the molecule is overall nonpolar.

A compound consisting of molecules of covalently bonded atoms is referred to as a molecular compound. In a molecular compound, the atoms are held together by covalent bonds, which involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. This type of compound typically has a lower melting and boiling point compared to ionic compounds, and may exist as discrete molecules in the solid, liquid, or gas phase. Examples of molecular compounds include water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4).

A double bond is a chemical bond formed when two atoms share two pairs of electrons with each other. This type of bond is stronger than a single bond, which only involves the sharing of one pair of electrons. In a double bond, the atoms involved share two pairs of electrons, resulting in a stronger attraction between the atoms. This bond is commonly found in molecules such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and ethene (C2H4).

A polyatomic ion is an ion that is made up of more than one atom. It is formed when a group of atoms gain or lose electrons to become charged. This is different from an ionic ion, which is not a recognized term in chemistry. Therefore, the correct answer is polyatomic ion.