Chapter #35: Plant Structure, Growth, And Development

1. Root hairs increase the ________ of roots.

Surface Area

Number of buds

Chlorophyll count

Root hairs increase the surface area of roots. This is because root hairs are tiny, finger-like extensions that grow from the surface of root cells. They greatly increase the surface area of the root, allowing for more absorption of water and nutrients from the soil. The larger the surface area, the more efficiently the roots can take in these essential resources, promoting better growth and overall health of the plant.

Explanation

Root hairs increase the surface area of roots. This is because root hairs are tiny, finger-like extensions that grow from the surface of root cells. They greatly increase the surface area of the root, allowing for more absorption of water and nutrients from the soil. The larger the surface area, the more efficiently the roots can take in these essential resources, promoting better growth and overall health of the plant.

2. A plant's root system does all of the following EXCEPT:

Anchor the plant

Absorb water and minerals

Store sugars and starches

Absorb sunlight

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Explanation

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3. ______ tissue is continuous through the plant and transports materials between roots and shoots.

Dermal

Vascular

Ground

Vascular tissue is the correct answer because it is responsible for transporting materials, such as water, minerals, and sugars, between the roots and shoots of a plant. This tissue consists of two types: xylem, which carries water and minerals from the roots to the shoots, and phloem, which transports sugars and other organic molecules from the leaves to the rest of the plant. Therefore, vascular tissue is continuous throughout the plant and plays a crucial role in maintaining its overall functioning.

Explanation

Vascular tissue is the correct answer because it is responsible for transporting materials, such as water, minerals, and sugars, between the roots and shoots of a plant. This tissue consists of two types: xylem, which carries water and minerals from the roots to the shoots, and phloem, which transports sugars and other organic molecules from the leaves to the rest of the plant. Therefore, vascular tissue is continuous throughout the plant and plays a crucial role in maintaining its overall functioning.

4. ______ tissue is a single layer of closely packed cells that cover the entire plant and protect it against water loss and invasion by pathogens like viruses and bacteria.

Vascular

Ground

Dermal

The dermal tissue is a single layer of closely packed cells that cover the entire plant and protect it against water loss and invasion by pathogens like viruses and bacteria. This tissue acts as a protective barrier for the plant, preventing the entry of harmful organisms and reducing water loss through evaporation. The dermal tissue also contains specialized structures like stomata, which regulate the exchange of gases and water vapor between the plant and its environment.

Explanation

The dermal tissue is a single layer of closely packed cells that cover the entire plant and protect it against water loss and invasion by pathogens like viruses and bacteria. This tissue acts as a protective barrier for the plant, preventing the entry of harmful organisms and reducing water loss through evaporation. The dermal tissue also contains specialized structures like stomata, which regulate the exchange of gases and water vapor between the plant and its environment.

5. Mycorrhizae is a symbiotic relationship with fungi at the tips of plant roots; mycorrhizae assists in the absorption process.

True

False

Mycorrhizae refers to a mutually beneficial relationship between fungi and plant roots. The fungi form a network around the tips of the plant roots, aiding in the absorption of nutrients from the soil. This symbiotic relationship is advantageous for both the fungi and the plants involved, as the fungi receive sugars produced by the plants while the plants benefit from increased nutrient uptake. Therefore, the statement that mycorrhizae assists in the absorption process is true.

Explanation

Mycorrhizae refers to a mutually beneficial relationship between fungi and plant roots. The fungi form a network around the tips of the plant roots, aiding in the absorption of nutrients from the soil. This symbiotic relationship is advantageous for both the fungi and the plants involved, as the fungi receive sugars produced by the plants while the plants benefit from increased nutrient uptake. Therefore, the statement that mycorrhizae assists in the absorption process is true.

6. Stems function primarily to display the roots.

True

False

Stems function primarily to display the leaves.

Explanation

Stems function primarily to display the leaves.

7. Which is NOT a part of the plant shoot system?

Stems

Roots

Leaves

Roots are not a part of the plant shoot system. The shoot system of a plant includes stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits, which are all above the ground. Roots, on the other hand, are located below the ground and are responsible for anchoring the plant, absorbing water and nutrients, and storing food. While roots are essential for the overall health and growth of a plant, they are not considered a part of the shoot system.

Explanation

Roots are not a part of the plant shoot system. The shoot system of a plant includes stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits, which are all above the ground. Roots, on the other hand, are located below the ground and are responsible for anchoring the plant, absorbing water and nutrients, and storing food. While roots are essential for the overall health and growth of a plant, they are not considered a part of the shoot system.

8. Ground tissue located inside the vascular tissue is called_________

Pith

Cortex

The ground tissue located inside the vascular tissue is called pith. Pith is a type of ground tissue that is found in the center of stems and roots, surrounded by the vascular tissue. It consists of parenchyma cells, which are involved in storage and support functions. The pith helps provide structural support to the plant and also stores nutrients and water. Cortex, on the other hand, is the ground tissue located outside the vascular tissue, serving as a protective layer.

Explanation

The ground tissue located inside the vascular tissue is called pith. Pith is a type of ground tissue that is found in the center of stems and roots, surrounded by the vascular tissue. It consists of parenchyma cells, which are involved in storage and support functions. The pith helps provide structural support to the plant and also stores nutrients and water. Cortex, on the other hand, is the ground tissue located outside the vascular tissue, serving as a protective layer.

9. A ________ is located at the top end of the stem where growth usually occurs, and __________ are located in the V formed between the leaf and stem, and may form a branch.

The terminal bud is located at the top end of the stem where growth usually occurs. It is responsible for the elongation of the stem and the development of new leaves and flowers. On the other hand, axillary buds are located in the V formed between the leaf and stem. These buds have the potential to develop into branches, giving rise to new shoots and leaves.

Explanation

The terminal bud is located at the top end of the stem where growth usually occurs. It is responsible for the elongation of the stem and the development of new leaves and flowers. On the other hand, axillary buds are located in the V formed between the leaf and stem. These buds have the potential to develop into branches, giving rise to new shoots and leaves.

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