AP Ch 36 Outline Quiz

Epidermal tissue forms the outer protective covering of the plant. It is a single layer of cells that covers the entire surface of the plant, including the leaves, stems, and roots. The epidermis helps to prevent water loss, protect against pathogens and pests, and regulate gas exchange. It also contains specialized cells, such as stomata, which allow for the exchange of gases and transpiration. Overall, the epidermal tissue plays a crucial role in protecting the plant from external factors and maintaining its overall health and well-being.

Vascular tissue is responsible for transporting water and nutrients within the plant. It consists of two types of tissues: xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, while phloem transports sugars and other organic molecules from the leaves to the other parts of the plant. This transportation system allows for the distribution of essential substances throughout the plant, ensuring its growth and survival.

Plants have various mechanisms to protect themselves against invading bacteria and fungi. They produce strong preservative chemicals that can inhibit the growth of pathogens. They maintain a waxy nonliving cuticle surface on their leaves, which acts as a barrier to prevent pathogens from entering. Plants also build up and replace an outer layer of dead cork, known as bark, which provides additional protection. Additionally, plants have guard cells that can open and close to regulate gas exchange, exposing the soft juicy mesophyll of a leaf only when necessary. Therefore, all of the statements mentioned in the options are correct in explaining the mechanisms by which plants protect themselves.

Sclerenchyma is the correct answer because it is a plant tissue type that consists of cells with thick secondary cell walls. These cells are composed of fibers and sclereids, which provide strength and support to the plant. Xylem and phloem are vascular tissues responsible for transporting water, nutrients, and sugars. Collenchyma is a tissue type that provides support to growing plant parts. Parenchyma is a simple tissue involved in various functions such as storage, photosynthesis, and secretion.

The function of "absorb water" is not shared by both the root system and the shoot system of a plant. The root system is responsible for absorbing water from the soil, while the shoot system is primarily involved in transporting water and nutrients to the rest of the plant. Therefore, the function of absorbing water is specific to the root system only.

Meristem is the correct answer because it is an embryonic tissue type found at the apex of roots and shoots. Meristems are responsible for the growth and development of plants, as they contain undifferentiated cells that can continuously divide and differentiate into various specialized cells. These cells give rise to all the other tissues in the plant, including the epidermal tissue, ground tissue, and vascular tissue. Therefore, meristem plays a crucial role in the formation and maintenance of plant tissues.

The correct answer is "Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells found on root surfaces." This statement is not true because guard cells are actually specialized epidermal cells found on the surface of leaves and stems, not roots. Guard cells are responsible for regulating the opening and closing of stomata, which are tiny openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange.

Fibrous roots are important in dicot food storage in plants such as carrots and radishes. Unlike taproots, which are large and store nutrients in a single main root, fibrous roots are thin and highly branched, allowing for greater nutrient absorption and storage capacity. This makes them ideal for storing the large amounts of food that carrots and radishes require. Adventitious roots and prop roots are not typically involved in food storage, making them incorrect options.

Woody stems do contain secondary growth, which is responsible for the increase in girth of the stem. The stem is indeed organized into a central pith, wood, and outer bark. The cork cambium does produce waterproof cork cells that eventually become bark. The vascular cambium is located between the xylem and phloem in the vascular bundles of a woody stem. However, the statement that secondary phloem accumulates to form the wood is not true. It is actually the secondary xylem that accumulates to form the wood.

Adventitious roots develop from an underground stem. These roots arise from various parts of the plant, such as stems, leaves, or even from the nodes of a stem. They are not formed from pre-existing roots. Adventitious roots help in anchoring the plant, absorbing water and nutrients, and can also serve as storage organs. Examples of plants with adventitious roots include ivy, sweet potato, and mangroves.