Chapter 3 Test - Chemistry

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  • 1/54 Questions

    Which of the following is an element?

    • Sodium chloride
    • Sodium
    • Sodium hydroxide
    • Sodium sulfate
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About This Quiz

Chapter 3 Test - Chemistry explores key concepts of states of matter, including particle behavior in different states, physical properties, and transitions between states. It assesses understanding of fundamental chemistry principles, essential for learners advancing in scientific education.

States Of Matter Quizzes & Trivia

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  • 2. 

    Which of the following is a compound?

    • Nitrogen

    • Oxygen

    • Carbon dioxide

    • Hydrogen

    Correct Answer
    A. Carbon dioxide
    Explanation
    Carbon dioxide is a compound because it is composed of two different elements, carbon and oxygen, chemically bonded together. Nitrogen and hydrogen are both elements, consisting of only one type of atom. Oxygen is also an element, but in this question, it is not mentioned in a compound form. Therefore, carbon dioxide is the only option that fits the definition of a compound.

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  • 3. 

    The melting point of a substance is a characteristic property because it

    • Does not change with different amounts of the substance.

    • Is unique to every substance.

    • Can be used with other data to identify a substance.

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The melting point of a substance is a characteristic property because it does not change with different amounts of the substance. This means that regardless of how much of the substance is present, its melting point will remain the same. Additionally, the melting point is unique to every substance, meaning that different substances will have different melting points. Finally, the melting point can be used along with other data to identify a substance. By comparing the melting point of an unknown substance to known data, scientists can determine what the substance is.

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  • 4. 

    In which classification of matter are the components chemically combined?

    • Alloy

    • Colloid

    • Compound

    • Suspension

    Correct Answer
    A. Compound
    Explanation
    Compounds are a classification of matter where the components are chemically combined. In a compound, two or more elements are bonded together in a fixed ratio, forming a new substance with different properties from the original elements. This chemical combination involves the sharing, gaining, or losing of electrons to form chemical bonds. Compounds can be represented by chemical formulas and have specific chemical properties. Therefore, compounds are the correct answer to the question.

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  • 5. 

    When a substance loses or absorbs energy,

    • Its temperature can change.

    • Its state can change.

    • The speed of its particles can change.

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    When a substance loses or absorbs energy, it can result in various changes. The temperature of the substance can change, meaning it can either increase or decrease. Additionally, the substance can undergo a change in its state, such as from solid to liquid or from liquid to gas. Lastly, the speed of the particles within the substance can also change, either slowing down or speeding up. Therefore, all of the given options are correct explanations for the changes that can occur when a substance loses or absorbs energy.

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  • 6. 

    The atoms and molecules in matter

    • Are attracted to one another.

    • Are constantly moving.

    • Move faster at higher temperatures.

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "All of the above." This is because atoms and molecules in matter are indeed attracted to one another, forming bonds and creating the cohesive forces that hold matter together. Additionally, these atoms and molecules are constantly moving, even in solid matter where they vibrate in place. Finally, at higher temperatures, the kinetic energy of the particles increases, causing them to move faster. Therefore, all three statements are true and correctly answer the question.

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  • 7. 

    The state in which matter has a definite shape and volume is ____________________.

    Correct Answer
    solid
    Explanation
    Matter in a solid state has a definite shape and volume because the particles are closely packed together and have strong intermolecular forces. This allows them to maintain their positions and resist changes in shape and volume.

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  • 8. 

    In a gaseous state, particles

    • Move independently of one another.

    • Move fast enough to break away completely from one another.

    • Have empty space between them.

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    In a gaseous state, particles move independently of one another, meaning they are not bound together and can move freely. Additionally, they move fast enough to break away completely from one another, indicating that they have enough kinetic energy to overcome any intermolecular forces. Lastly, there is empty space between gas particles, as they are not packed tightly together like in a solid or liquid state. Therefore, all of the given options are correct explanations of the behavior of particles in a gaseous state.

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  • 9. 

    Which of the following is NOT a compound?

    • Water

    • Ammonia

    • Gold

    • Salt

    Correct Answer
    A. Gold
    Explanation
    Gold is not a compound because it is an element. Compounds are formed when two or more different elements chemically combine. Water, ammonia, and salt are all compounds because they are made up of different elements chemically bonded together.

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  • 10. 

    Which of the following is NOT a physical property?

    • Melting point

    • Density

    • Reactivity with acid

    • Boiling point

    Correct Answer
    A. Reactivity with acid
    Explanation
    Reactivity with acid is not a physical property because it describes the chemical behavior of a substance, specifically its ability to react with acids. Physical properties, on the other hand, are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical composition of the substance, such as melting point, density, and boiling point.

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  • 11. 

    Characteristic properties of an element

    • Do not depend on the amount of the element.

    • Include both physical and chemical properties.

    • Can be used to help identify the element.

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The characteristic properties of an element do not depend on the amount of the element, meaning that they remain the same regardless of the quantity present. These properties include both physical and chemical properties, such as boiling point, melting point, reactivity, and atomic structure. These unique properties can be used to help identify the element, as they serve as distinct markers that differentiate it from other elements. Therefore, all of the statements mentioned above are correct explanations of characteristic properties of an element.

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  • 12. 

    Which of the following describes what happens as the temperature of a gas in a balloon increases?

    • The speed of the particles decreases.

    • The volume of the gas increases and the speed of the particles increases.

    • The volume decreases.

    • The pressure decreases.

    Correct Answer
    A. The volume of the gas increases and the speed of the particles increases.
    Explanation
    As the temperature of a gas in a balloon increases, the average kinetic energy of the gas particles also increases. This causes the gas particles to move faster and collide with the walls of the balloon more frequently and with greater force. The increased collisions exert a greater pressure on the walls of the balloon, causing the volume of the gas to expand. Therefore, the correct answer is that the volume of the gas increases and the speed of the particles increases.

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  • 13. 

    When elements form compounds, the elements

    • Keep their original properties.

    • React to form a new substance with new properties.

    • Combine in a random fashion.

    • Always change their physical state.

    Correct Answer
    A. React to form a new substance with new properties.
    Explanation
    When elements form compounds, they react to form a new substance with new properties. This is because the atoms of different elements combine and rearrange their chemical bonds to form new molecules with different chemical properties. The resulting compound often has different physical and chemical properties compared to the original elements. This process is known as a chemical reaction, where the atoms are rearranged to create new substances.

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  • 14. 

    Which of the following is composed of elements combined in a specific ratio?

    • Solution

    • Colloid

    • Suspension

    • Compound

    Correct Answer
    A. Compound
    Explanation
    A compound is composed of elements combined in a specific ratio. In a compound, two or more different elements are chemically bonded together in fixed proportions. This means that the elements are present in a specific ratio, which gives the compound its unique properties. Compounds can be represented by a chemical formula, such as H2O for water, where the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is always 2:1.

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  • 15. 

    Salt water is a(n)

    • Solution.

    • Suspension.

    • Colloid.

    • Compound.

    Correct Answer
    A. Solution.
    Explanation
    Salt water is considered a solution because it is a homogeneous mixture where the salt particles are evenly distributed throughout the water. In a solution, the solute (salt) is dissolved in the solvent (water), forming a single phase with uniform properties. This is different from a suspension, where the solute particles are larger and tend to settle at the bottom over time. A colloid, on the other hand, is a mixture where the solute particles are intermediate in size between a solution and a suspension, and they do not settle out. Lastly, a compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements, which is not the case for salt water.

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  • 16. 

    A ____________________ is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.

    Correct Answer
    mixture
    Explanation
    A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. In a mixture, the substances retain their individual properties and can be separated by physical means. This is different from a chemical compound where the elements are chemically bonded together and cannot be easily separated.

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  • 17. 

    The four most familiar states of matter are

    • Solid, liquid, gas, and sublimation.

    • Melting, freezing, vaporization, and condensation.

    • Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.

    • Crystalline, amorphous, endothermic, and exothermic.

    Correct Answer
    A. Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. These are the four most familiar states of matter. Solids have a definite shape and volume, liquids have a definite volume but no definite shape, gases have no definite shape or volume, and plasmas are ionized gases with highly energetic particles. Sublimation, melting, freezing, vaporization, and condensation are phase changes that can occur between these states of matter, but they are not the states themselves. Crystalline, amorphous, endothermic, and exothermic are properties or processes related to the behavior of matter, but they do not represent the states of matter.

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  • 18. 

    Suspensions are ____________________ mixtures because they contain different components that are easily seen.

    Correct Answer
    heterogeneous
    Explanation
    Suspensions are considered heterogeneous mixtures because they contain different components that are easily seen. In a suspension, solid particles are dispersed in a liquid or gas, but they are not dissolved and can be observed with the naked eye. This distinguishes suspensions from homogeneous mixtures where the components are evenly distributed and cannot be visually distinguished.

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  • 19. 

    The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is its

    • Boiling point.

    • Sublimation point.

    • Melting point.

    • Evaporation point.

    Correct Answer
    A. Melting point.
    Explanation
    The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is known as its melting point. This is the specific temperature at which the solid particles gain enough energy to overcome their attractive forces and transition into a liquid state. It is important to note that the boiling point refers to the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas, while sublimation point refers to the temperature at which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas. The term "evaporation point" is not commonly used in scientific terminology.

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  • 20. 

    Which of the following best describes the particles of a liquid?

    • The particles are far apart and moving fast.

    • The particles are close together but moving past each other.

    • The particles are far apart and moving slowly.

    • The particles are closely packed and vibrate in place.

    Correct Answer
    A. The particles are close together but moving past each other.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "The particles are close together but moving past each other." This answer accurately describes the behavior of particles in a liquid. In a liquid, the particles are close together, but they are not tightly packed like in a solid. They have enough space to move past each other, which allows the liquid to flow and take the shape of its container.

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  • 21. 

    A solution is a(n)

    • Compound composed of two or more substances.

    • Homogeneous mixture.

    • Heterogeneous mixture.

    • Insoluble solute in a solvent.

    Correct Answer
    A. Homogeneous mixture.
    Explanation
    A homogeneous mixture is a solution where two or more substances are evenly distributed at a molecular level. In other words, the components of the mixture are uniformly spread out and cannot be easily distinguished. This is in contrast to a heterogeneous mixture, where the components are not evenly distributed and can be visually distinguished. In this case, since the question mentions that a solution is a compound composed of two or more substances, it implies that it is a homogeneous mixture.

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  • 22. 

    Which of the following occurs when a liquid becomes a gas?

    • The particles give off energy.

    • The particles break away from one another.

    • The particles move closer together.

    • The particles slow down.

    Correct Answer
    A. The particles break away from one another.
    Explanation
    When a liquid becomes a gas, the particles break away from one another. This process is known as vaporization or evaporation. As the temperature of the liquid increases, the kinetic energy of the particles also increases. Eventually, the particles gain enough energy to overcome the intermolecular forces holding them together, causing them to break away and escape into the gas phase. This transition from a liquid to a gas is a result of the increased movement and energy of the particles.

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  • 23. 

    ____ do NOT change shape in different containers.

    • Solids

    • Liquids

    • Gases

    • Plasmas

    Correct Answer
    A. Solids
    Explanation
    Solids do not change shape in different containers because they have a fixed shape and volume. Unlike liquids and gases, solids have strong intermolecular forces that hold their particles closely packed together. This gives them a rigid structure, preventing them from flowing and taking the shape of their container. Therefore, solids maintain their shape regardless of the container they are placed in.

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  • 24. 

    Which of the following is a chemical property?

    • Flammability

    • Density

    • Melting point

    • Ductility

    Correct Answer
    A. Flammability
    Explanation
    Flammability is a chemical property because it describes the ability of a substance to burn or ignite when exposed to a flame or heat. It is a characteristic that is specific to the chemical composition of a substance and cannot be easily changed without altering its chemical structure. In contrast, density, melting point, and ductility are physical properties that can be changed without affecting the chemical nature of a substance.

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  • 25. 

    A ____________________ has a definite ratio of components.

    Correct Answer
    compound
    Explanation
    A compound is a substance that is made up of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio. This means that the components of a compound are always present in a specific proportion, which gives the compound its unique properties. Therefore, a compound can be described as having a definite ratio of components.

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  • 26. 

    A suspension is a

    • Soluble substance.

    • Homogeneous mixture.

    • Heterogeneous mixture.

    • Solute dissolved in a solvent.

    Correct Answer
    A. Heterogeneous mixture.
    Explanation
    A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture because it consists of particles that are not fully dissolved in the solvent and can be seen with the naked eye. These particles may settle down over time due to gravity, indicating the non-uniform distribution throughout the mixture. Unlike a homogeneous mixture, where the components are evenly distributed and cannot be visually distinguished, a suspension shows a visible separation between the particles and the solvent.

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  • 27. 

    A ____________________ is a substance in which a solute is dissolved.

    Correct Answer
    solvent
    Explanation
    A solvent is a substance in which a solute is dissolved. Solvents are typically liquids, such as water or alcohol, that have the ability to dissolve other substances, known as solutes. When a solute is added to a solvent, it disperses evenly throughout the solvent, creating a homogeneous mixture. The solvent plays a crucial role in many chemical and biological processes, as it allows for the transportation and reaction of solutes.

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  • 28. 

    Which of the following does NOT describe elements?

    • All the particles are alike

    • Can be broken down into simpler substances

    • Have unique sets of properties

    • Can join together to form compounds

    Correct Answer
    A. Can be broken down into simpler substances
    Explanation
    Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances. This is because elements are made up of only one type of atom, and atoms are the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element. Therefore, elements are considered to be the building blocks of matter and cannot be further broken down into simpler substances.

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  • 29. 

    Boiling points and freezing points are examples of

    • Chemical properties.

    • Physical properties.

    • Energy.

    • Matter.

    Correct Answer
    A. Physical properties.
    Explanation
    Boiling points and freezing points are physical properties of matter. Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the composition or identity of a substance. Boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas, while freezing point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid. These properties can be used to identify and classify different substances, making them examples of physical properties.

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  • 30. 

    Which of the following has a component that MUST be soluble?

    • Mixture

    • Suspension

    • Solution

    • Heterogeneous mixture

    Correct Answer
    A. Solution
    Explanation
    A solution is a type of mixture where the components are uniformly distributed and one of the components must be soluble. Solubility refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent. In a solution, the solute (the substance being dissolved) is soluble in the solvent (the substance doing the dissolving). Therefore, a solution always has a component that must be soluble.

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  • 31. 

    Which of the following does NOT describe elements?

    • They can join together to form compounds.

    • They have unique sets of properties.

    • They can be broken down into simpler substances.

    • All the particles are alike.

    Correct Answer
    A. They can be broken down into simpler substances.
    Explanation
    Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances because they are the fundamental building blocks of matter. They are made up of only one type of atom and cannot be chemically broken down into other substances. Compounds, on the other hand, are formed when different elements combine together. Elements also have unique sets of properties, and although individual atoms may have different isotopes, all particles of a specific element have the same number of protons and electrons, making them alike.

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  • 32. 

    Solutions are often described as ____________________ mixtures because they have the same appearance and properties throughout the mixture.

    Correct Answer
    homogeneous
    Explanation
    A solution is described as homogeneous because it is a mixture where all the components are evenly distributed and have the same appearance and properties throughout the mixture. This means that there are no visible differences or variations in the solution, making it uniform and consistent.

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  • 33. 

    Which of the following describes compounds?

    • Have the same characteristic properties as the elements that form them

    • Are composed of elements that join in a specific ratio according to their masses

    • Are composed of two or more elements that are physically combined

    • Are random combinations of elements

    Correct Answer
    A. Are composed of elements that join in a specific ratio according to their masses
    Explanation
    Compounds are composed of elements that join in a specific ratio according to their masses. This means that the elements in a compound are combined in a fixed proportion, and this proportion is determined by the masses of the elements involved. This is a fundamental characteristic of compounds, as it distinguishes them from mixtures, which are random combinations of elements. The specific ratio of elements in a compound gives it its unique properties and chemical behavior.

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  • 34. 

    If a spoonful of salt is mixed in a glass of water, the salt is the ____________________.

    Correct Answer
    solute
    Explanation
    When a spoonful of salt is mixed in a glass of water, the salt dissolves in the water, making it the solute. In a solution, the solute is the substance that is being dissolved, while the solvent is the substance that does the dissolving. In this case, water is the solvent and the salt is the solute. The solute particles disperse evenly throughout the solvent, creating a homogeneous mixture.

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  • 35. 

    Which of the following describes a mixture?

    • Formed from two or more substances chemically combined

    • Made up of two or more substances joined in a specific ratio

    • Made up of two or more substances that keep their identities

    • Can be separated only by chemical means

    Correct Answer
    A. Made up of two or more substances that keep their identities
    Explanation
    A mixture is made up of two or more substances that keep their identities. This means that the individual substances in the mixture do not chemically combine with each other and retain their original properties. Unlike in a chemical compound, where the elements are chemically bonded and lose their individual identities, a mixture allows for the separate identification and separation of its components.

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  • 36. 

    A ____ can be used to separate a powdered mixture of the elements iron and aluminum.

    • Centrifuge

    • Magnet

    • Heat source

    • Filter

    Correct Answer
    A. Magnet
    Explanation
    A magnet can be used to separate a powdered mixture of the elements iron and aluminum because iron is magnetic while aluminum is not. When a magnet is brought close to the mixture, the iron particles will be attracted to the magnet and can be easily separated from the aluminum particles, which will remain unaffected. This process is known as magnetic separation and is commonly used in industries to separate magnetic materials from non-magnetic ones.

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  • 37. 

    You can cause water to change state by removing or adding

    • Matter.

    • Particles.

    • Energy.

    • Surface tension.

    Correct Answer
    A. Energy.
    Explanation
    Water can change state from solid (ice) to liquid (water) to gas (water vapor) by either adding or removing energy. When energy is added to water, such as through heating, the water molecules gain energy and move faster, causing the water to change from a solid to a liquid or from a liquid to a gas. On the other hand, when energy is removed from water, such as through cooling, the water molecules lose energy and slow down, causing the water to change from a gas to a liquid or from a liquid to a solid. Therefore, energy is the factor that can cause water to change state.

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  • 38. 

    A material is only a mixture if

    • You can physically separate the different components.

    • You can see all the components.

    • It develops its own set of characteristic properties.

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. You can physically separate the different components.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "you can physically separate the different components." This is because a mixture is a combination of two or more substances that can be physically separated from each other. The other options, such as being able to see all the components or the development of characteristic properties, are not exclusive to mixtures and can also apply to other types of substances.

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  • 39. 

    How is a mixture different from a compound?

    • Mixtures have two or more components.

    • Each substance in a mixture keeps most of its characteristic properties.

    • Mixtures are commonly found in nature.

    • Solids, liquids, and gases can form mixtures.

    Correct Answer
    A. Each substance in a mixture keeps most of its characteristic properties.
    Explanation
    A mixture is different from a compound because each substance in a mixture retains its own characteristic properties. This means that the individual components of a mixture do not chemically react with each other and can be separated by physical means. In contrast, compounds are formed when two or more elements chemically combine, resulting in a new substance with different properties from its constituent elements.

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  • 40. 

    Which of the following is a mixture?

    • Carbon dioxide

    • Sodium chloride

    • Air

    • Ammonia

    Correct Answer
    A. Air
    Explanation
    Air is a mixture because it is composed of various gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and trace amounts of other gases. These gases are not chemically combined but rather exist together in the air. This can be observed when air is separated into its components through processes like fractional distillation. Therefore, air is considered a mixture rather than a pure substance.

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  • 41. 

    Which of the following describes a liquid?

    • Becomes a vapor at the boiling point

    • Changes volume when placed in a different container

    • Can be compressed

    • Has particles that are far apart

    Correct Answer
    A. Becomes a vapor at the boiling point
    Explanation
    A liquid is a state of matter that becomes a vapor at its boiling point. This means that when a liquid reaches a certain temperature, it changes into a gas or vapor state. This is a characteristic property of liquids, as solids do not change into a vapor at a specific temperature.

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  • 42. 

    Blood is a(n)

    • Element.

    • Compound.

    • Alloy.

    • Suspension.

    Correct Answer
    A. Suspension.
    Explanation
    Blood is classified as a suspension because it is a mixture of different components that do not dissolve in each other. In the case of blood, the solid components such as red and white blood cells, platelets, and plasma proteins are suspended in the liquid plasma. This suspension allows for the transportation of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

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  • 43. 

    A ____________________ can be separated by filtration. (suspension, solution, pure substance)

    Correct Answer
    suspension
    Explanation
    A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture consisting of solid particles dispersed in a liquid or gas. The solid particles in a suspension are usually larger and do not dissolve in the liquid or gas. Filtration is a commonly used method to separate a suspension, as it allows the liquid or gas to pass through while trapping the solid particles. Therefore, a suspension can be separated by filtration.

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  • 44. 

    The substance that dissolves to form a solution is the ____________________.

    Correct Answer
    solute
    Explanation
    The substance that dissolves in a solution is called the solute. When a solute is mixed with a solvent, it disperses evenly throughout the solvent, creating a homogeneous mixture. The solute can be a solid, liquid, or gas, and it is typically present in smaller quantities compared to the solvent. In a solution of saltwater, for example, the solute is the salt that dissolves in the water.

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  • 45. 

    ____________________ is a process that separates a mixture based on the boiling points of the components.

    Correct Answer
    Distillation
    Explanation
    Distillation is a process that separates a mixture based on the boiling points of the components. It involves heating the mixture to vaporize the component with the lower boiling point and then condensing it back into a liquid form. The component with the higher boiling point remains in the original liquid form. This separation is possible because each component has a different boiling point, allowing them to vaporize and condense at different temperatures. Distillation is commonly used in industries such as oil refining, chemical manufacturing, and beverage production.

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  • 46. 

    A pure substance must be either a(n) ____________________ or a(n) ____________________.

    Correct Answer
    element, compound
    Explanation
    A pure substance refers to a substance that consists of only one type of particle. An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. It is made up of atoms of the same type. On the other hand, a compound is a pure substance that is composed of two or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio. Therefore, a pure substance must be either an element or a compound.

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  • 47. 

    Medicines that instruct you to shake the bottle well before use are most likely

    • Solutions.

    • Alloys.

    • Suspensions.

    • Alloys.

    Correct Answer
    A. Suspensions.
    Explanation
    Medicines that require shaking before use are most likely suspensions. Suspensions are a type of mixture where solid particles are dispersed in a liquid medium. These particles tend to settle at the bottom over time, hence shaking the bottle helps to evenly distribute the particles throughout the liquid. This ensures that each dose contains a consistent amount of the active ingredients, allowing for accurate dosing and effectiveness of the medication.

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  • 48. 

    A ____________________ is a substance in which there is only one type of particle.

    Correct Answer
    pure substance
    Explanation
    A pure substance refers to a substance that consists of only one type of particle. This means that all the particles within the substance are identical in their chemical composition. Examples of pure substances include elements and compounds. In contrast, mixtures consist of different types of particles mixed together.

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  • 49. 

    A ____________________ is a mixture in which particles of a material are dispersed throughout a liquid or gas but are large enough that they settle out.

    Correct Answer
    suspension
    Explanation
    A suspension is a type of mixture where particles of a material are dispersed throughout a liquid or gas, but they are relatively large and heavy enough to eventually settle out. This means that over time, the particles will separate from the liquid or gas and settle at the bottom. Suspensions are commonly seen in everyday life, such as when sand settles at the bottom of a glass of water.

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