Chapter 3 The English Establish 13 Colonies

Explanation
Jamestown was the first permanent English colony in North America. It was established in 1607 in Virginia. The settlers faced numerous challenges including disease, starvation, and conflicts with Native Americans. However, the colony survived and laid the foundation for future English settlements in North America. Plymouth, Providence, and Portsmouth were also early English colonies, but they were established after Jamestown.

Explanation
The correct answer is 1607. In 1607, the first permanent English colony in North America, known as Jamestown, was founded. This colony was established by the Virginia Company of London and marked the beginning of English colonization in the New World. It was a significant milestone in American history and paved the way for future English settlements in North America.

Explanation
A joint-stock company is a type of company that is formed by investors who contribute money to the company in exchange for shares or stock. These investors are looking to earn a profit from their investment. The company operates with the capital raised from these investors and the profits or losses are distributed among the shareholders. This type of company allows for the pooling of resources and spreading of risks among multiple investors.

Explanation
John Smith is the correct answer because he was a leader who played a crucial role in bringing discipline to the colony at Jamestown. He implemented strict rules and enforced them to ensure the survival of the settlement. Additionally, Smith established trade relationships with the Native Americans, which helped the colony to obtain food and other resources necessary for their survival. His leadership and diplomacy skills were vital in the early years of Jamestown's establishment.

Explanation
The main reason for establishing the colony at Jamestown was wealth. The settlers were primarily motivated by the potential economic opportunities, such as finding gold and other valuable resources, and establishing profitable trade with the Native Americans. The Virginia Company, which funded the expedition, had hopes of making significant profits from the colony's success. While religious freedom and spreading Christianity were important aspects of the colonization efforts, they were not the primary reason for establishing Jamestown. Similarly, finding a new trade route to Asia was a motivation for exploration, but it was not the main reason for establishing the colony at Jamestown.

Explanation
The Pilgrims were a group of people who wanted to separate themselves from the Church of England. They sought religious freedom and believed that the Church of England was too closely aligned with the Catholic Church. In search of a place where they could practice their faith freely, they eventually settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1620. They are known for their role in establishing one of the first permanent English colonies in North America and for their Thanksgiving celebration with the Native Americans.

Explanation
The colony of Plymouth was founded for religious freedom. The Pilgrims, a group of English Separatists, sought a place where they could freely practice their own form of Christianity without persecution. They believed in the separation of church and state and wanted to establish a community based on their religious principles. Therefore, they decided to establish the colony of Plymouth in order to create a society where they could worship and live according to their own beliefs.

Explanation
Plymouth was founded in 1620. This is the correct answer because it aligns with historical records and the founding of the Plymouth Colony in present-day Massachusetts. The year 1620 is significant as it marks the arrival of the Mayflower Pilgrims, who established the colony and signed the Mayflower Compact. This event played a crucial role in the early settlement of New England by European colonizers.