CISCO CCNA - Book 1, Chapter 2
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Refer to the exhibit. "Cell A" at IP address 10.0.0.34 has established an IP session with "IP Phone 1" at IP address 172.16.1.103. Based upon the graphic, which device type best describes the function of wireless device "Cell A?"
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The destination device
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An end device
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An intermediate device
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A media device
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Communicating over the network
The structure of a network, including devices and media necessary for communications The functions protocols perform in network communications The advantages of using a layered model to describe network functionality The role of each layer in the OSI network model and the TCP/IP network model The importance of addressing and naming schemes in network communications
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- 2.
Refer to the exhibit. Which three labels correctly identify the network types for the network segments that are shown? (Choose three)
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Network A -- WAN
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Network B -- WAN
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Network C -- LAN
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Network B -- MAN
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Network C -- WAN
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Network A -- LAN
Correct Answer(s)
A. Network B -- WAN
A. Network C -- LAN
A. Network A -- LANExplanation
The exhibit shows three network segments labeled as Network A, Network B, and Network C. The correct labels for these network segments are as follows: Network A is a LAN (Local Area Network) because it is a small network that covers a limited area, typically within a single building or campus. Network B is a WAN (Wide Area Network) because it connects multiple LANs over a large geographical area, such as different cities or countries. Network C is also a LAN because it is a small network confined to a limited area.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Refer to the exhibit. Which networking term describes the data interleaving process represented in the graphic?
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Piping
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PDU
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Streaming
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Multiplexing
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Encapsulation
Correct Answer
A. MultiplexingExplanation
The given graphic represents the process of multiplexing. Multiplexing is a networking term that refers to the combining of multiple signals or data streams into a single transmission medium. In this process, multiple data streams are interleaved and transmitted together, allowing for more efficient use of the network bandwidth. This helps to optimize the utilization of the network resources and enables multiple users or applications to share the same network infrastructure simultaneously.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Refer to the exhibit. Which term correctly identifies the device type that is included in the area B?
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Source
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End
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Transfer
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Intermediary
Correct Answer
A. IntermediaryExplanation
The term "intermediary" correctly identifies the device type that is included in area B. An intermediary device is a networking device that sits between source and destination devices, facilitating communication between them. In this case, the device in area B acts as a bridge or a switch, connecting the source and end devices and forwarding data packets between them.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Refer to the exhibit. What type of network is shown?
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WAN
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MAN
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LAN
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WLAN
Correct Answer
A. LANExplanation
The network shown in the exhibit is a Local Area Network (LAN). A LAN is a network that connects devices within a limited geographic area, such as a home, office, or building. LANs are typically used to facilitate communication and data sharing between devices in close proximity to each other.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Refer to the exhibit. Which set of devices contains only end devices?
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A, C, D
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B, E, G, H
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C, D, G, H, I, J
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D, E, F, H, I, J
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E, F, H, I, J
Correct Answer
A. E, F, H, I, JExplanation
The devices E, F, H, I, and J are the only end devices in the exhibit. End devices are devices that are the source or destination of data in a network, such as computers, smartphones, or printers. The other devices (A, B, C, D, and G) are likely switches or routers, which are intermediate devices used to connect and manage network traffic. Therefore, the set of devices E, F, H, I, and J contains only end devices.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which statements correctly identify the role of intermediary devices in the network? (Choose three)
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Determine pathways for data
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Initiate data communications
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Retime and retransmit data signals
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Originate the flow of data
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Manage data flows
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Final termination point for data flow
Correct Answer(s)
A. Determine pathways for data
A. Retime and retransmit data signals
A. Manage data flowsExplanation
Intermediary devices in a network play several important roles. Firstly, they determine pathways for data, meaning they decide the most efficient route for data to travel from the source to the destination. Secondly, they retime and retransmit data signals, ensuring that data is sent accurately and without errors. Finally, they manage data flows, controlling the rate at which data is transmitted and ensuring that it is delivered to the correct devices. These three roles are crucial for the smooth operation and efficient functioning of a network.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Select the statements that are correct concerning network protocols. (Choose three)
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Define the structure of layer specific PDU's
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Dictate how to accomplish layer functions
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Outline the functions necessary for communications between layers
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Limit the need for hardware compatibility
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Require layer dependent encapsulations
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Eliminate standardization among vendors
Correct Answer(s)
A. Define the structure of layer specific PDU's
A. Outline the functions necessary for communications between layers
A. Require layer dependent encapsulationsExplanation
Network protocols define the structure of layer-specific PDU's, outlining how data should be formatted and organized at each layer. They also outline the functions necessary for communication between layers, specifying how data should be passed between them. Additionally, network protocols require layer-dependent encapsulations, meaning that each layer must encapsulate its data in a specific format before passing it to the next layer. These protocols do not eliminate standardization among vendors, nor do they limit the need for hardware compatibility.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What are two functions of encapsulation? (Choose two)
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Tracks delay between end devices
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Enables consistent network paths for communication
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Allows modification of the original data before transmission
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Identifies pieces of data as part of the same communication
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Ensures that data pieces can be directed to the correct receiving end device
Correct Answer(s)
A. Identifies pieces of data as part of the same communication
A. Ensures that data pieces can be directed to the correct receiving end deviceExplanation
Encapsulation allows data to be grouped together and treated as a single unit, which helps in identifying pieces of data as part of the same communication. It also ensures that the data pieces can be directed to the correct receiving end device by adding necessary addressing information.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What is a primary function of the trailer information added by the data link layer encapsulation?
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Supports error detection
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Ensures ordered arrival of data
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Provides delivery to correct destination
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Identifies the devices on the local network
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Assists intermediary devices with processing and path selection
Correct Answer
A. Supports error detectionExplanation
The primary function of the trailer information added by the data link layer encapsulation is to support error detection. This trailer contains a checksum or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) value that allows the receiving device to verify if the data has been transmitted correctly. By comparing the checksum or CRC value with the received data, errors can be detected and appropriate actions can be taken to ensure data integrity.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which two layers of the OSI model have the same functions as the TCP/IP model Network Access Layer? (Choose two)
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Network
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Transport
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Physical
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Data Link
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Session
Correct Answer(s)
A. Physical
A. Data LinkExplanation
The Network Access Layer in the TCP/IP model is responsible for the physical transmission of data and the addressing of devices on the network. The Physical layer of the OSI model also deals with the physical transmission of data, including the electrical, mechanical, and functional specifications for the physical connection between devices. The Data Link layer in the OSI model is responsible for the reliable transfer of data between network nodes, including error detection and correction. This layer performs similar functions to the Network Access Layer in the TCP/IP model. Therefore, the correct answer is Physical and Data Link.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What is a PDU?
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Corruption of a frame during transmission
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Data reassembled at the destination
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Retransmitted packets due to lost communication
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A layer specific encapsulation
Correct Answer
A. A layer specific encapsulationExplanation
A PDU, or Protocol Data Unit, is a layer specific encapsulation. This means that it is a unit of data that is created at a specific layer of the network protocol stack. Each layer in the protocol stack adds its own header and possibly footer to the data, creating a PDU. These PDUs are then passed down or up the protocol stack as needed for transmission or reception of data. This encapsulation allows for the data to be properly processed and understood by the different layers of the network protocol stack.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which characteristic correctly refers to end devices in a network?
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Manage data flows
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Originate data flow
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Retime and retransmit data signals
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Determine pathways for data
Correct Answer
A. Originate data flowExplanation
End devices in a network refer to devices that generate and send data. They are the source of data flow in a network, initiating the transmission of information. These devices include computers, smartphones, tablets, and other devices that can originate and send data packets. They play a crucial role in the network by starting the flow of data, which is then transmitted and managed by other devices such as routers and switches.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which three statements best describe a Local Area Network (LAN)? (Choose three)
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A LAN is usually in a single geographical area
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The network is administered by a single organization
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The connection between segments in the LAN is usually through a leased connection
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The security and access control of the network are controlled by a service provider
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A LAN provides network services and access to applications for users within a common organization
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Each end of the network is generally connected to a Telecommunication Service Provider (TSP)
Correct Answer(s)
A. A LAN is usually in a single geographical area
A. The network is administered by a single organization
A. A LAN provides network services and access to applications for users within a common organizationExplanation
A LAN is usually in a single geographical area, meaning it covers a small geographic area such as a building or campus. The network is administered by a single organization, indicating that one organization is responsible for managing and controlling the LAN. A LAN provides network services and access to applications for users within a common organization, suggesting that it offers connectivity and resources to users within the same organization.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What is the primary purpose of Layer 4 port assignment?
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To identify devices on the local media
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To identify the hops between source and destination
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To identify to the intermediary devices the best path through the network
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To identify the source and destination end devices that are communicating
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To identify the processes or services that are communicating within the end devices
Correct Answer
A. To identify the processes or services that are communicating within the end devicesExplanation
The primary purpose of Layer 4 port assignment is to identify the processes or services that are communicating within the end devices. Layer 4 of the OSI model is responsible for end-to-end communication between hosts. Port numbers are used to differentiate between different processes or services running on the same device. By assigning a unique port number to each process or service, the receiving device can determine which application or service the incoming data is intended for. This allows for proper delivery and handling of network traffic.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What device is considered an intermediary device?
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File server
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IP phone
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Laptop
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Printer
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Switch
Correct Answer
A. SwitchExplanation
A switch is considered an intermediary device because it acts as a central point for connecting multiple devices within a network. It receives data packets from one device and forwards them to the appropriate destination device based on the MAC addresses. It helps in creating a network infrastructure by providing multiple ports to connect devices and facilitating communication between them. Unlike other devices listed, such as a file server, IP phone, laptop, or printer, a switch's primary function is to manage network traffic and enable efficient data transmission.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which layer encapsulates the segment into packets?
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Physical
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Data Link
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Network
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Transport
Correct Answer
A. NetworkExplanation
The Network layer is responsible for encapsulating the segment into packets. This layer adds a header to the segment, which includes the source and destination IP addresses. The packets are then sent across the network to their destination. The Network layer also handles routing, ensuring that the packets take the most efficient path to reach their destination.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What can be identified by examining the network layer header?
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The destination device on the local media
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The destination host address
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The bits that will be transferred over the media
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The source application or process creating the data
Correct Answer
A. The destination host addressExplanation
By examining the network layer header, one can identify the destination host address. The network layer header contains information about the source and destination IP addresses, among other details. The destination host address is crucial in determining where the data packets should be sent within the network.Rate this question:
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- 19.
During the encapsulation process, what occurs at the data link layer?
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No address is added
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The logical address is added
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The physical address is added
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The process port number is added
Correct Answer
A. The physical address is addedExplanation
During the encapsulation process at the data link layer, the physical address is added. The data link layer is responsible for the transmission of data over a physical link. It adds a header to the data packet, which includes the physical address or MAC address of the source and destination devices. This allows the data to be properly routed and delivered to the intended recipient at the physical layer.Rate this question:
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- 20.
What is the purpose of the TCP/IP Network Access layer?
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Path determination and packet switching
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Data presentation
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Reliability, flow control, and error detection
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Network media control
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The division of segments into packets
Correct Answer
A. Network media controlExplanation
The purpose of the TCP/IP Network Access layer is to control and manage the network media. This includes tasks such as specifying the physical means of transmitting data, addressing devices on the network, and managing the flow of data between devices. The Network Access layer ensures that data can be transmitted reliably and efficiently over the network media.Rate this question:
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- 21.
What is the proper order of the layers of the OSI model from the highest layer to the lowest layer?
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Physical, network, application, data link, presentation, session, transport
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Application, physical, session, transport, network, data link, presentation
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Application, presentation, physical, session, data link, transport, network
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Application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, physical
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Presentation, data link, session, transport, network, physical, application
Correct Answer
A. Application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, physicalExplanation
The OSI model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a communication system. It consists of seven layers, each responsible for specific tasks. The proper order of the layers from highest to lowest is application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical. This order reflects the flow of data from the user's application down to the physical transmission of the data. The application layer is responsible for user interfaces and data exchange, followed by the presentation layer that handles data formatting and encryption. The session layer manages communication sessions, while the transport layer ensures reliable data transfer. The network layer handles routing and addressing, and the data link layer manages data framing and error detection. Finally, the physical layer deals with the actual transmission of data through physical media.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which OSI layer is associated with IP addressing?
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1
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2
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3
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4
Correct Answer
A. 3Explanation
Layer 3 of the OSI model, also known as the Network layer, is associated with IP addressing. This layer is responsible for logical addressing, routing, and forwarding of data packets. IP addressing is used to uniquely identify devices on a network and enable communication between them. Therefore, it is correct to say that Layer 3 is associated with IP addressing.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The elements of communication include a message source, a message destination and a ____________, or medium, to transport the message.
Correct Answer
channelExplanation
The elements of communication include a message source, a message destination, and a channel. The channel refers to the medium through which the message is transmitted from the source to the destination. It can be a physical channel like a telephone line or a digital channel like email or social media. The choice of channel depends on factors such as the nature of the message, the audience, and the desired level of interactivity.Rate this question:
- 24.
Which type of addressing is found at the OSI layer 2? (Choose two)
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Logical
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Physical
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MAC
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IP
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Port
Correct Answer(s)
A. Physical
A. MACExplanation
At the OSI layer 2, the addressing is done at the physical and MAC level. Physical addressing refers to the hardware address assigned to each network interface card (NIC) in a network. MAC (Media Access Control) addressing is a unique identifier assigned to each NIC, allowing devices to communicate with each other on a local network. IP addressing, on the other hand, is found at the OSI layer 3, and port addressing is found at the OSI layer 4.Rate this question:
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- 25.
When a server responds to a web request, what occurs next in the encapsulation process after the web page data is formatted and separated into TCP segments?
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The client decapsulates the segment and opens the web page
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The client adds the appropriate physical address to the segments so that the server can forward the data
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The server converts the data to bits for transport across the medium
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The server adds the source and destination address to each segment header to deliver the packets to the destination
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The server adds the source and destination physical addresses to the packet header
Correct Answer
A. The server adds the source and destination address to each segment header to deliver the packets to the destinationExplanation
After the web page data is formatted and separated into TCP segments, the next step in the encapsulation process is for the server to add the source and destination address to each segment header. This is done to ensure that the packets are delivered to the correct destination.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which term describes a specific set of rules that determine the formatting of messages and the process of encapsulation used to forward data?
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Segmentation
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Protocol
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Multiplexing
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QoS
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Reassembly
Correct Answer
A. ProtocolExplanation
A protocol is a specific set of rules that determine the formatting of messages and the process of encapsulation used to forward data. It provides a standardized way for devices to communicate and ensures that data is transmitted correctly and efficiently. Protocols define the structure and order of messages, as well as the actions that devices should take in response to different situations. By following a protocol, devices can establish a common understanding of how data should be exchanged, allowing for successful communication between them.Rate this question:
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- 27.
A limited-use protocol owned by a company is considered to be____________.
Correct Answer
proprietaryExplanation
When a protocol is owned by a company and has limited use, it is considered to be proprietary.Rate this question:
- 28.
Which one of the following is associated with layer 4 of the OSI model?
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IP
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TCP
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FTP
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TFTP
Correct Answer
A. TCPExplanation
Layer 4 of the OSI model is the Transport layer, which is responsible for end-to-end communication between hosts. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a protocol that operates at this layer and provides reliable, connection-oriented communication. It ensures that data is delivered in the correct order and without errors. IP (Internet Protocol) operates at layer 3, FTP (File Transfer Protocol) operates at layer 7, and TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) operates at layer 7 as well. Therefore, TCP is the correct answer associated with layer 4 of the OSI model.Rate this question:
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- 29.
The device that connects a device to the media is called a/an ____________.
Correct Answer
NIC, network interface cardExplanation
A NIC, or network interface card, is the device that connects a device to the media. It is responsible for providing a physical connection between the device and the network, allowing data to be transmitted and received. The NIC acts as an intermediary between the device and the network, converting data into a format that can be transmitted over the media, such as Ethernet cables. It is an essential component for connecting devices to a network and enabling communication between them.Rate this question:
- 30.
Which of the following terms defines dividing data streams into smaller pieces suitable for transmission?
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Protocol
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Multiplexing
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Segmentation
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Encapsulation
Correct Answer
A. SegmentationExplanation
Segmentation is the process of dividing data streams into smaller pieces suitable for transmission. This is commonly used in computer networks to break down large data packets into smaller segments that can be easily transmitted over the network. By segmenting the data, it becomes more efficient for transmission and reduces the chances of errors or data loss. Multiplexing refers to combining multiple data streams into a single transmission channel, while encapsulation involves adding headers and trailers to data packets for transmission. Protocol refers to a set of rules and procedures for communication between devices.Rate this question:
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- 31.
A device that moves data between networks is a ____________.
Correct Answer
routerExplanation
A router is a device that moves data between networks by determining the best path for data packets to travel. It examines the destination IP address of each packet and forwards it to the appropriate network. Routers are essential for connecting multiple networks together and directing traffic efficiently. They also provide network security by implementing firewall rules and network address translation. Overall, routers play a crucial role in ensuring that data is transmitted accurately and efficiently across networks.Rate this question:
- 32.
Which of the following is the process for interweaving multiple data streams onto one shared communication channel or network medium?
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Multicasting
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Multiplexing
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Encapsulation
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Multidirecting
Correct Answer
A. MultiplexingExplanation
Multiplexing is the process of combining multiple data streams into one shared communication channel or network medium. It allows for the efficient utilization of the available bandwidth by dividing it into smaller channels or time slots. This enables multiple signals to be transmitted simultaneously, increasing the overall capacity and efficiency of the communication system. Multicasting refers to the transmission of data to a group of recipients, encapsulation involves wrapping data in a protocol header, and multidirecting is not a recognized term in the context of networking.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which of the following is associated with the network layer?
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IP address
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Frames
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MAC address
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Physical addressing
Correct Answer
A. IP addressExplanation
The network layer is responsible for the logical addressing of devices in a network. The IP address is a unique identifier assigned to each device connected to a network. It is used by the network layer to route data packets across different networks. Frames and MAC addresses are associated with the data link layer, which is responsible for the physical transmission of data within a network. Physical addressing refers to the process of assigning physical addresses to devices, which is also a function of the data link layer.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which layer of the OSI model is concerned with end-to-end message delivery over the network?
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Network
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Transport
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Data Link
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Application
Correct Answer
A. TransportExplanation
The layer of the OSI model that is concerned with end-to-end message delivery over the network is the Transport layer. This layer is responsible for ensuring reliable and efficient transmission of data between devices. It breaks down large messages into smaller packets, adds necessary information for addressing and error checking, and reassembles them at the receiving end. It also handles flow control and error recovery, ensuring that data is delivered accurately and in the correct order.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Which layers of the OSI model are combined into other layers of the TCP/IP model? (Choose all that apply)
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Network
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Presentation
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Internet
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Data Link
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Application
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Physical
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Session
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Network access
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Transport
Correct Answer(s)
A. Presentation
A. Data Link
A. Physical
A. SessionExplanation
The layers of the OSI model that are combined into other layers of the TCP/IP model are Presentation, Data Link, Physical, and Session. In the TCP/IP model, the Presentation layer is combined with the Application layer, the Data Link layer is combined with the Network Access layer, the Physical layer remains the same, and the Session layer is not included in the TCP/IP model.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Which of the following are true about LANs and WANs? (Choose two)
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LANs connect groups of networks using ISPs
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LANs consist of hosts communicating with logical addresses
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WANs connect groups of networks using TSPs
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WANs connect LANs
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Hosts on a LAN use physical addressing to communicate
Correct Answer(s)
A. WANs connect groups of networks using TSPs
A. Hosts on a LAN use physical addressing to communicateExplanation
LANs (Local Area Networks) are networks that connect devices within a limited geographical area, such as a home, office, or building. Hosts on a LAN use physical addressing (MAC addresses) to communicate with each other.
WANs (Wide Area Networks), on the other hand, connect multiple LANs or other networks over a larger geographical area, such as cities, countries, or even continents. WANs use TSPs (Telecommunications Service Providers) to connect these groups of networks together.
Therefore, the two true statements about LANs and WANs are: Hosts on a LAN use physical addressing to communicate, and WANs connect groups of networks using TSPs.Rate this question:
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.jpg "Refer to the exhibit. Which networking term describes the data interleaving process represented in the graphic?")
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