Chapter 29: Vertebrate Evolution

47 Questions | By Daw2034 | Updated: Mar 21, 2022 | Attempts: 692

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These questions are taken from a study guide for Biology 102 using the book Biology 10th edition by Sylvia S. Mader.

Questions and Answers

1.

All of the following are characteristics of vertebrates EXCEPT
- A.
  
  A. internal organs.
- B.
  
  B. vertebral columns.
- C.
  
  C. postanal tails.
- D.
  
  D. exoskeletons.
- E.
  
  E. skulls.
2.

Vertebrates without jaws would be the
- A.
  
  A. rays.
- B.
  
  B. turtles.
- C.
  
  C. lampreys.
- D.
  
  D. eels.
3.

The largest group of vertebrates is the
- A.
  
  A. mammals.
- B.
  
  B. fishes.
- C.
  
  C. reptiles.
- D.
  
  D. amphibians.
4.

The following are differences between amphibians and reptiles EXCEPT
- A.
  
  A. amphibians have smooth non-scaly skin, whereas reptiles are covered with scales and their skin is dry.
- B.
  
  B. all reptiles respire by the use of lungs, while amphibians use small lungs supplemented by cutaneous respiration
- C.
  
  C. amphibian eggs are laid in water, but reptiles do not require water for reproduction.
- D.
  
  D. reptiles are ectothermic, while amphibians are endothermic.
5.

Which phylum contains the vertebrates?
- A.
  
  A. Arthropoda
- B.
  
  B. Chordata
- C.
  
  C. Annelida
- D.
  
  D. Mollusca
- E.
  
  E. Porifera
6.

A notochord is
- A.
  
  A. a strip of cartilage that forms a back and tail in all vertebrates.
- B.
  
  B. a stiff dorsal supporting rod.
- C.
  
  C. replaced by the vertebral column during development.
- D.
  
  D. All of the choices are correct.
- E.
  
  E. B and C are correct.
7.

______ were the first vertebrates to live on land and they evolved from ____.
- A.
  
  A. Amphibians; fish
- B.
  
  B. Reptiles; amphibians
- C.
  
  C. Mammals; reptiles
- D.
  
  D. Amphibians; lancelets
8.

The most likely ancestors of the vertebrates are
- A.
  
  A. arthropods.
- B.
  
  B. sea squirts.
- C.
  
  C. annelids.
- D.
  
  D. molluscs.
9.

The four defining characteristics of chordates are
- A.
  
  A. segmentation, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches, and an amniotic egg.
- B.
  
  B. a dorsal hollow nerve cord, a notochord, bilateral symmetry, and mammary glands.
- C.
  
  C. bilateral symmetry, segmentation, a well-developed coelom, and limbs.
- D.
  
  D. a well-developed coelom, pharyngeal pouches, a notochord, and jaws.
- E.
  
  E. pharyngeal pouches, a dorsal nerve cord, a notochord, and a postanal tail.
10.

In some chordates, the _______ is (are) replaced by _______.
- A.
  
  A. pharyngeal pouches; gills
- B.
  
  B. dorsal hollow nerve cord; a ventral solid nerve cord
- C.
  
  C. gill arches; pharyngeal pouches
- D.
  
  D. notochord; a dorsal hollow nerve cord
- E.
  
  E. a vertebral column; notochord
11.

Which of these is NOT one of the characteristics of a vertebrate?
- A.
  
  A. radial symmetry
- B.
  
  B. segmentation
- C.
  
  C. extreme cephalization
- D.
  
  D. closed circulation
- E.
  
  E. coelom
12.

The cartilaginous fishes include all EXCEPT
- A.
  
  A. skates.
- B.
  
  B. sharks.
- C.
  
  C. goldfish.
- D.
  
  D. rays.
13.

The lancelets, or Branchiostoma, are found
- A.
  
  A. in tropical Amazon streams.
- B.
  
  B. as parasites inside the tracts of fish.
- C.
  
  C. very rarely in mountain streams, where they are almost extinct.
- D.
  
  D. commonly in the sandy bottoms of coastal waters around the world.
- E.
  
  E. B and C are correct.
14.

Sharks
- A.
  
  A. lack bony skeletons.
- B.
  
  B. have placoid scales.
- C.
  
  C. have a keen sense of smell.
- D.
  
  D. have teeth derived from epidermal scales.
- E.
  
  E. All of the choices are correct.
15.

The jawed fish and all other vertebrates are gnathostomes, which means they have
- A.
  
  A. segmentation.
- B.
  
  B. jaws.
- C.
  
  C. a notochord that develops into a vertebral column.
- D.
  
  D. amniotic eggs.
- E.
  
  E. A and C are correct.
16.

The fossil Tiktaalik roseae
- A.
  
  A. provides insight into how the legs of tetrapods evolved.
- B.
  
  B. is a transitional fossil form.
- C.
  
  C. was found in Arctic Canada.
- D.
  
  D. is intermediate between reptiles and mammals.
- E.
  
  E. A, B, and C are correct.
17.

Amphibians evolved from
- A.
  
  A. darters.
- B.
  
  B. sharks.
- C.
  
  C. bass and bluegill.
- D.
  
  D. sturgeon and catfish.
- E.
  
  E. lobe-finned fishes with lungs.
18.

The discovery of a living coelacanth off the coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean in 1938 proved that it
- A.
  
  A. was a modern fish unrelated to fossil coelacanths.
- B.
  
  B. was the "missing link" between fish and amphibians.
- C.
  
  C. can now climb onto land and travel some distances.
- D.
  
  D. had changed very little and had not gone extinct.
- E.
  
  E. was both the "missing link" and it could climb onto land and travel.
19.

Which of these characteristics is NOT found in the amphibians?
- A.
  
  A. thin moist skin
- B.
  
  B. two-chambered heart
- C.
  
  C. small inefficient lungs
- D.
  
  D. aquatic larvae
- E.
  
  E. eggs with gelatinous covering
20.

The amphibians' unique contribution to the evolution of land vertebrates was
- A.
  
  A. respiration by gills.
- B.
  
  B. respiration through the skin.
- C.
  
  C. separation of lung/gill and systemic (body) circulation.
- D.
  
  D. development of the tail for propulsion.
- E.
  
  E. the leathery waterproof egg shell.
21.

Amphibians were the dominant animal life during the ________ period.
- A.
  
  A. Jurassic
- B.
  
  B. Carboniferous
- C.
  
  C. Devonian
- D.
  
  D. Silurian
- E.
  
  E. Cambrian
22.

The amphibians' common receptacle for the urinary, genital, and digestive canals is the
- A.
  
  A. vulva.
- B.
  
  B. glottis.
- C.
  
  C. cloaca.
- D.
  
  D. tympanum.
- E.
  
  E. operculum.
23.

Lungless salamanders lack lungs and breathe through their skins after they lose their gills. You would expect lungless salamanders to
- A.
  
  A. prefer drier habitats.
- B.
  
  B. prefer stagnant water.
- C.
  
  C. be larger than most salamanders.
- D.
  
  D. be restricted to smaller and/or thinner body plans.
24.

Most salamanders practice internal fertilization
- A.
  
  A. using spermatophores.
- B.
  
  B. externally in water.
- C.
  
  C. internally by copulation.
- D.
  
  D. just like frogs.
25.

Reptiles evolved from ______ ancestors and were abundant by the ________ Period.
- A.
  
  A. mammals; Carboniferous
- B.
  
  B. fish; Devonian
- C.
  
  C. echinoderms; Cambrian
- D.
  
  D. amphibians; Permian