Bio 2 Test - Unit 7a: Classification And Invertebrate Zoology

Jellyfish belong to the phylum Cnidaria. This phylum includes organisms that have specialized cells called cnidocytes, which contain stinging structures called nematocysts. Jellyfish have a gelatinous body and use their tentacles to capture prey. They are characterized by their radial symmetry and lack of a true brain or centralized nervous system.

Snails and squids belong to the phylum Mollusca. This phylum includes a diverse group of organisms such as snails, squids, octopuses, and clams. Mollusks are characterized by having a soft body, often protected by a hard shell, and a muscular foot used for locomotion. They also possess a mantle that may secrete the shell, and most have a radula, a feeding organ. Snails and squids share these characteristics, placing them in the phylum Mollusca.

Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida. Annelida is a phylum of segmented worms, which includes earthworms, leeches, and marine worms. These organisms have a long, cylindrical body with numerous segments, each containing a set of muscles and bristles called setae. Earthworms are known for their important role in soil health and nutrient cycling, as they consume organic matter and help to break it down into nutrient-rich soil.

The correct answer is Norno rajus. This is the scientific name of Norn C.

An identifying characteristic of annelids is body segmentation. Annelids have a segmented body with repeated units called segments. Each segment contains a set of organs and structures, such as muscles, nerves, and excretory organs. This segmentation allows for flexibility and movement, as well as specialization of different body regions for specific functions.

Diagram B depicts the sea star's oral surface because it shows the underside of the sea star where the mouth is located. On the oral surface, the sea star has its mouth and tube feet, which it uses for feeding and locomotion. Diagram A may depict the aboral surface, which is the upper side of the sea star where the madreporite and spines are usually located. Therefore, diagram B is the correct answer as it accurately represents the sea star's oral surface.

The earthworm is not a parasite because it does not rely on a host organism for survival. Earthworms are decomposers that feed on dead organic matter in the soil, playing an important role in nutrient cycling and soil health. In contrast, the loa loa worm, leech, and pinworm are all parasites that live off of a host organism to obtain nutrients and complete their life cycle.

In order for a roundworm to grow larger, it must shed its cuticle. The cuticle is a tough outer covering that provides protection and support to the roundworm's body. As the roundworm grows, the cuticle becomes too tight and rigid, restricting further growth. Shedding the old cuticle allows the roundworm to expand and develop a new, larger cuticle that can accommodate its increasing size. This process is known as molting and is essential for the roundworm's growth and development.

A sponge is sessile because it is attached to a surface and does not have the ability to move from one place to another. Unlike jellyfish, sea stars, and sea wasps, which are all capable of movement, sponges are stationary organisms that rely on water currents to bring them food and oxygen. They are typically found attached to rocks or other solid surfaces in aquatic environments.

Jellyfish is an example of the class Scyphozoan because Scyphozoans are a class of marine animals that includes jellyfish. They are characterized by their bell-shaped bodies and tentacles, which they use to capture prey. Jellyfish belong to this class and exhibit the typical characteristics of Scyphozoans, making them a correct example. Anemone, coral, and hydra belong to different classes and do not fall under the category of Scyphozoans.

The correct answer is sea stars. Echinodermata is a phylum that includes sea stars, along with other marine animals such as sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and sand dollars. Sea stars are characterized by their radial symmetry, spiny skin, and tube feet, which they use for movement and feeding. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida, lampreys are part of the phylum Chordata, and sponges are classified under the phylum Porifera.

The scientific name of Norn D is Norno kentuckyus.

Sponges are considered the oldest and simplest organisms in the Animal Kingdom because they lack true tissues and organs, making them the most primitive multicellular animals. They are filter feeders that live attached to surfaces in aquatic environments and rely on water currents to bring them food and oxygen. Sponges have a simple body structure with specialized cells that perform different functions, but they do not have complex systems like circulatory or nervous systems. This simplicity and lack of complexity make sponges the oldest and simplest organisms in the Animal Kingdom.

Sea stars have a unique way of digesting their food. They push their stomach out of their mouth and into their prey's body, where it releases digestive enzymes to break down the food. This allows the sea star to externally digest its food before retracting its stomach back into its body. Therefore, the correct answer is "in its stomach, which has been pushed out of its mouth."

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A cnidocyte is not a specialized cell found in sponges. Cnidocytes are actually specialized cells found in cnidarians, such as jellyfish and sea anemones. They contain stinging structures called nematocysts, which are used for defense and capturing prey. Sponges, on the other hand, have specialized cells called choanocytes, amoebacytes, and pinacocytes, which perform various functions like filter feeding, digestion, and structural support.

The word "Panthera" indicates the genus of the organism.

Ossicles is the correct answer because it refers to the tiny interlocking plates that make up an echinoderm's skeleton. Echinoderms, such as starfish and sea urchins, have an internal skeleton made up of these ossicles, which provide support and protection. The ossicles fit together like puzzle pieces, forming a rigid structure that gives the echinoderm its shape and allows for movement. The other options, occulum, mantle, and radula, are not related to the skeletal structure of echinoderms.

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There are three domains in the current tree of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. These domains represent the highest level of classification for living organisms. Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotic domains, consisting of single-celled organisms without a nucleus. Eukarya, on the other hand, includes all eukaryotic organisms, which are characterized by having cells with a nucleus. By categorizing organisms into these three domains, scientists can better understand the relationships and evolutionary history of different species.

The scientific name of Norn A is Norno beverlus.

The scientific name of Norn E is Norno californius.

Annelids are a phylum of segmented worms, characterized by body segments, a complete digestive system, and bilateral symmetry. However, a mantle is not a feature of annelids. A mantle is a structure found in mollusks, specifically in the class Gastropoda, which includes snails and slugs. The mantle in mollusks is a fold of tissue that covers the body and secretes the shell. Annelids do not possess a mantle, making it the correct answer in this case.

An earthworm is considered to be a more complex animal than a sponge because it has specialized tissues. Specialized tissues are a characteristic of higher-level organisms that allow for the division of labor among different cell types, enabling more complex functions and structures. In contrast, sponges are simple animals that lack specialized tissues and have a more primitive level of organization.

Both polyps and medusas have a mouth and tentacles. This similarity is due to their shared classification as cnidarians, a group of animals that includes jellyfish, sea anemones, and coral. The mouth and tentacles serve similar functions in both polyps and medusas, allowing them to capture and consume prey. This common characteristic is an important feature in the biology and feeding behavior of these organisms.

A cnidocyte is a specialized cell found in cnidarians (such as jellyfish and sea anemones) that contains a structure called a nematocyst. The nematocyst acts like a spring-loaded harpoon, allowing the cnidarian to capture prey or defend itself. The other options, gastrovascular cavity, mesoglea, and polyp, are not directly related to the structure of a cnidocyte or its function.

A sea wasp is a type of jellyfish, which has a medusa body form. Medusa is a term used to describe the bell-shaped body structure of certain cnidarians, such as jellyfish, where the mouth and tentacles are located on the underside of the body. Sea stars, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers have a different body form known as a pentamerous radial symmetry, where their body parts are arranged in a radial pattern around a central axis.

The sea wasp belongs to the class Cubozoan. Cubozoans are a class of jellyfish that are characterized by their box-shaped bell and tentacles that are located at the corners of the bell. They are also known for their potent venom, and the sea wasp is one of the most venomous jellyfish in the world.

Amoebacyte is not a specialized cell found in cnidarians. Cnidarians, such as jellyfish and corals, have specialized cells called nerve cells, contracting cells, and cnidocytes. Nerve cells are responsible for transmitting signals and coordinating responses, contracting cells help with movement and contraction, and cnidocytes are specialized cells that contain stinging structures used for defense and capturing prey. Amoebacytes, on the other hand, are commonly found in other invertebrates like flatworms and play a role in various functions including digestion and wound healing.

Coral has a polyp body form. Polyps are cylindrical, tube-like structures that are attached to a surface at the base and have a mouth surrounded by tentacles at the top. Coral polyps are tiny animals that secrete a calcium carbonate exoskeleton, which forms the structure of coral reefs. They are colonial organisms, meaning that many polyps live together in a colony, forming intricate and diverse coral structures. Sea wasps, sea urchins, and sea horses do not have a polyp body form.

If two organisms belong to the same order, they must have the phylum in common. The order is a taxonomic rank that groups organisms based on similarities in their characteristics and evolutionary relationships. The phylum is a higher taxonomic rank that further groups organisms based on broader similarities in their anatomy, physiology, and embryology. Therefore, if two organisms belong to the same order, it implies that they also belong to the same phylum.

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The correct answer is six. This suggests that there are six kingdoms in the current tree of life. The tree of life is a way to categorize and classify all living organisms. It organizes them into different groups based on their characteristics and evolutionary relationships. The six kingdoms include Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria. These kingdoms encompass the vast diversity of life on Earth and provide a framework for understanding the relationships between different organisms.

Jellyfish were the first organisms in the Animal Kingdom to have true tissues. Unlike sponges, which lack true tissues and have a simple cellular organization, jellyfish possess specialized cells that work together to form tissues. Coral and tapeworm also have true tissues, but jellyfish were the first to evolve this characteristic.

The correct answer is "Domain" because it is the highest taxonomic rank in the biological classification system. It includes a broad range of organisms and encompasses multiple kingdoms. In contrast, class, family, and genus are lower taxonomic ranks that include fewer species. Therefore, domain includes the largest number of species.