Chapter 22 Evolution Quiz / Review On Evolution

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Questions: 8 | Attempts: 2,350 | Updated: Mar 21, 2023

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All questions are from pearson online AP Biology Textbook

Questions and Answers

1.

Which of the following is an example of the pattern of evolution
- A.
  
  Natural selection
- B.
  
  Heredity
- C.
  
  The fossil record of the evolution of the modern cataceans
- D.
  
  Descent with modification
Correct Answer
C. The fossil record of the evolution of the modern cataceans

Explanation
The correct answer is the fossil record of the evolution of the modern cataceans. The fossil record provides evidence of how ancient species have changed over time and can be used to track the evolution of specific groups of organisms, such as modern cataceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises). By examining the fossils of these animals, scientists can observe the gradual changes in their anatomy and behavior, providing insights into the pattern of evolution that has occurred.

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1
2.

Charles Darwin was the first person to conclude organisms evolve
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
The statement is incorrect. Charles Darwin was not the first person to conclude that organisms evolve. The concept of evolution had been proposed by earlier scientists such as Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Alfred Russel Wallace. Darwin's contribution was his theory of natural selection, which explained how evolution occurs.

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2
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3.

An adaption is
- A.
  
  A trait that gives rise to a new species
- B.
  
  The cause of natural selection
- C.
  
  A trait that gives an organism a reproductive advantage in the current enviorment
- D.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
C. A trait that gives an organism a reproductive advantage in the current enviorment

Explanation
An adaptation is a trait that gives an organism a reproductive advantage in the current environment. This means that the organism with the adaptation is more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on its genes to the next generation. Adaptations can be physical, behavioral, or physiological and they help organisms better survive and thrive in their specific environment. By having traits that increase their chances of successful reproduction, organisms with adaptations are more likely to contribute to the gene pool of future generations and potentially give rise to new species over time.

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4.

From his observations of organisms in the galapagos islands, darwin reasoned that...
- A.
  
  All island species should be similar to eachother
- B.
  
  The shape of a birds beak does not effect is ability to survive and reproduce
- C.
  
  Organisms had adapted to new enviorments , giving rise to new species
- D.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Organisms had adapted to new enviorments , giving rise to new species

Explanation
Based on Darwin's observations of organisms in the Galapagos Islands, he reasoned that organisms had adapted to new environments, giving rise to new species. This conclusion is drawn from Darwin's observation of variations among species on different islands, as well as the presence of unique traits that allowed them to survive and reproduce in their specific environments. Darwin's theory of natural selection suggests that these adaptations over time lead to the formation of new species. Therefore, the correct answer is that organisms had adapted to new environments, giving rise to new species.

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5.

Which of the following observations led to Darwin's major inferences?
- A.
  
  Body parts that are not used deteriorate over time
- B.
  
  Members of a population vary in their heritable traits
- C.
  
  Although organisms can produce huge numbers of offspring, many of these offspring do not survive.
- D.
  
  The second and third anwsers are correct
Correct Answer
D. The second and third anwsers are correct

Explanation
The second and third observations mentioned in the options led to Darwin's major inferences. The observation that members of a population vary in their heritable traits is important because it suggests that there is variation within a species, which is necessary for natural selection to occur. The observation that many offspring do not survive despite the ability of organisms to produce large numbers of offspring is also significant because it implies that there is a struggle for survival and only the fittest individuals are able to survive and reproduce. These observations support Darwin's theory of natural selection as the mechanism for evolution.

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6.

Which one of the following researchers developed a theory of evolution that was very similar to Charles Darwin's?
- A.
  
  Lamarck
- B.
  
  Cuvier
- C.
  
  Wallace
- D.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Wallace

Explanation
Alfred Russel Wallace is the correct answer because he independently developed a theory of evolution by natural selection that was similar to Charles Darwin's. In fact, Wallace's work on the theory of evolution prompted Darwin to finally publish his own ideas. Wallace's theory, like Darwin's, proposed that species evolve over time through a process of natural selection, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. This similarity in their theories led to a joint presentation of their work in 1858, which is now recognized as a pivotal moment in the history of evolutionary biology.

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7.

A group of small fish live in a lake with a uniformly light-brown sandy bottom. Most of the fish are light brown, but about 10% are mottled. This fish species is often prey for large birds that live on the shore. A construction company dumps a load of gravel in the bottom of the lake, giving it a mottled appearance. Which of these statements presents the most accurate prediction of what will happen to this fish population
- A.
  
  As the mottled fish are eaten, more will be produced to fill the gap.
- B.
  
  In two generations, all the fish will be mottled.
- C.
  
  There is no way to predict the result.
- D.
  
  The proportion of mottled fish will increase over time.
Correct Answer
D. The proportion of mottled fish will increase over time.

Explanation
The introduction of gravel in the lake bottom creates a mottled appearance, which is similar to the coloration of the mottled fish. This change in the environment provides camouflage for the mottled fish, making it harder for the large birds to spot and prey on them. Consequently, the mottled fish have a higher chance of survival compared to the light brown fish. As a result, over time, more mottled fish will survive and reproduce, leading to an increase in the proportion of mottled fish in the population.

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8.

A challenge to traditional (pre-1860) ideas about species came from embryology, when it was discovered that
- A.
  
  All animals develop similar embryonic gills
- B.
  
  Embryos of dissimilar organisms, such as sharks and humans, resemble each other
- C.
  
  The embryological development of many plants and animals is almost identical
- D.
  
  Mutations have a far more dramatic effect on embryos than on adult organisms
Correct Answer
B. Embryos of dissimilar organisms, such as sharks and humans, resemble each other

Explanation
Embryos of dissimilar organisms, such as sharks and humans, resembling each other challenges traditional ideas about species because it suggests a common ancestry or evolutionary relationship between these organisms. This finding indicates that despite their different adult forms, these organisms share similar developmental processes and structures during embryonic development. This supports the idea that species are not fixed and distinct entities, but rather have a common evolutionary history and are connected through common ancestors.

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Current Version
Mar 21, 2023

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Dec 12, 2012

Quiz Created by
TaylorJayna

Chapter 22 Evolution Quiz / Review On Evolution

Which of the following is an example of the pattern of evolution

Charles Darwin was the first person to conclude organisms evolve

An adaption is

From his observations of organisms in the galapagos islands, darwin reasoned that...

Which of the following observations led to Darwin's major inferences?

Which one of the following researchers developed a theory of evolution that was very similar to Charles Darwin's?

A challenge to traditional (pre-1860) ideas about species came from embryology, when it was discovered that