Chemical Texture Services: Cosmetology Quiz!

The size of the rod used in permanent waving determines the size of the curl. A larger rod will create a looser, larger curl, while a smaller rod will create a tighter, smaller curl. Therefore, the size of the rod directly affects the outcome of the curl in permanent waving.

Performing an elasticity test before perming the hair is important to assess the hair's strength and flexibility. This test helps determine if the hair can withstand the chemical process of perming without becoming damaged or breaking. By checking the elasticity beforehand, one can ensure that the hair is in a healthy condition and suitable for perming. This step is crucial in preventing potential hair damage and achieving desired results.

Japanese thermal straightening is a method of hair straightening that combines the use of thio relaxer with flat ironing. Thio relaxer is applied to the hair to break the disulfide bonds and then the hair is flat ironed to straighten it. This technique is commonly used in Japan and is known for its long-lasting effects in straightening the hair.

The basic components of acid waves are the permanent wave solution, activator, and neutralizer. The neutralizer is an essential component as it helps to stop the perming process and stabilize the hair's pH level. It neutralizes the alkaline solution used in the permanent wave, ensuring that the hair retains its desired shape and texture. Without the neutralizer, the hair may continue to process and become overly curly or damaged. Therefore, the neutralizer is crucial in achieving the desired results and maintaining the health of the hair.

Chemical hair relaxing is the correct answer because it refers to the process of rearranging extremely curly hair into a straighter or smoother form using chemical products. This process involves applying a relaxer or a chemical treatment to the hair to break down the protein structure and alter the hair's natural texture. It is a popular method for individuals with tightly coiled or curly hair who desire a straighter look. The other options, chemical smoothing, continuation, and neutralizing, are not specifically related to the process of straightening curly hair.

Before performing a permanent wave, it is important to examine the scalp. This is necessary to check for any existing scalp conditions or irritations that may affect the perm service. Examining the scalp allows the stylist to ensure that the client's scalp is healthy and suitable for the chemical process involved in the permanent wave. By doing so, any potential risks or complications can be identified and addressed before proceeding with the perm service, ensuring the safety and satisfaction of the client.

A bookend wrap is a type of wrap that uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope. This technique is commonly used in hair styling to create a smooth and neat finish. The folded end paper acts as a barrier to protect the hair ends and ensure that they are securely wrapped during the styling process. This wrap technique is especially useful for achieving precise and controlled results in permanent wave treatments.

Viscosity refers to the thickness or thinness of a liquid. It is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, with high viscosity indicating a thick or sticky liquid and low viscosity indicating a thin or runny liquid. The other options, duration, intentsity, and amperage, do not relate to the thickness or thinness of a liquid and are therefore incorrect.

The cortex is the layer of the hair that provides strength and elasticity. It is located between the medulla and the cuticle. The cortex contains proteins, such as keratin, which give the hair its strength and flexibility. It also contains pigment cells, which determine the color of the hair. The cortex is responsible for the overall structure and integrity of the hair shaft, making it an important layer for maintaining healthy and resilient hair.

The correct answer is the croquignole method. This method involves wrapping the hair from ends to roots in a spiral motion, creating a tight and uniform curl. It is commonly used for achieving traditional, tight curls.

An endothermic wave requires an external heat source to activate it. Endothermic reactions absorb heat from their surroundings, causing a decrease in temperature. Therefore, an outside heat source is necessary to provide the energy required for the reaction to occur. The other options listed, such as ammonia lotion, sulfite source, and reducing agent, do not directly relate to the activation of an endothermic wave.

A reduction reaction involves the removal of oxygen. In a reduction reaction, a molecule or ion gains electrons, which results in a decrease in oxidation state. Oxygen is often involved in these reactions as it is a highly electronegative element and tends to gain electrons. The removal of oxygen from a compound leads to a decrease in the number of oxygen atoms and an increase in the number of electrons associated with the molecule or ion.

Long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds are known as polypeptide chains. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and when they are linked together through peptide bonds, they form polypeptides. These chains can vary in length and can fold into complex three-dimensional structures to form functional proteins. The other options, neutralization chains, monopeptide chains, and amino chains, are not accurate terms used to describe this concept.

A spiral perm wrap is a type of perm wrap where the hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod. This technique creates spiral-shaped curls in the hair, giving it a more voluminous and bouncy look. Unlike a straight set wrap or basic permanent wrap, which involve wrapping the hair in a straight or basic pattern, the spiral perm wrap creates a more unique and textured result. The bookend wrap is not a type of perm wrap technique, so it is not the correct answer.

The correct answer is 5 minutes because rinsing the permanent wave solution from the hair for at least 5 minutes ensures that all the chemicals are thoroughly removed from the hair. This helps to prevent any potential damage or irritation to the scalp and hair follicles. Additionally, rinsing for a longer duration may lead to overexposure of the hair to water, which can affect the effectiveness of the permanent wave solution. Therefore, 5 minutes is the recommended minimum time for rinsing the hair after applying a permanent wave solution.

The cuticle is the tough exterior layer of the hair. It is composed of overlapping scales that protect the inner layers of the hair shaft. The cuticle helps to prevent damage to the hair by external factors such as heat, chemicals, and friction. It also helps to retain moisture within the hair shaft, keeping it hydrated and healthy.

A double flat wrap is a perm wrap technique where one end paper is positioned underneath the hair strand being wrapped, while another end paper is placed on top of the strand. This method ensures that the hair is evenly distributed between the end papers, resulting in a more uniform and balanced curl pattern.

Thioglycolic acid is a common reducing agent because it is capable of donating electrons to other substances, causing them to undergo reduction reactions. This property makes it useful in various chemical processes, such as in hair removal products and in the production of polymers. The fact that thioglycolic acid has no odor, is dark in color, and has a pleasant scent are unrelated to its role as a reducing agent.

The correct answer is "concentrator." In the context of exothermic waves, the three main components are permanent waving solutions, neutralizer, and activator. A concentrator is not a component of exothermic waves.

A curvature permanent wrap is the type of wrap where the partings and bases radiate throughout the panels to follow the curvature of the head. This technique is used to create a permanent wave that is customized to the individual's head shape, resulting in a more natural and seamless look. It allows the stylist to create curls that flow with the natural shape of the head, rather than appearing flat or rigid.

Peptide bonds are the correct answer because they are the chemical bonds that join amino acids together to form a protein chain. These bonds are formed through a condensation reaction between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid, resulting in the formation of a peptide bond and the release of a water molecule. Peptide bonds are essential for the structure and function of proteins, as they determine the primary structure of the protein chain. Hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, and thio bonds are not involved in joining amino acids together.

Straight rods are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area. This means that the diameter of the rod remains constant from one end to the other, without any variations or curves. Unlike loop rods, concave rods, or convex rods which may have varying diameters or curvatures, straight rods have a consistent diameter throughout their entire length.

Relaxers are extremely alkaline because they are hair products that are used to chemically straighten or relax curly or wavy hair. The alkaline nature of relaxers helps to break down the protein structure of the hair, allowing it to be reshaped and straightened. The high alkalinity of relaxers can cause damage to the hair if not used properly, which is why it is important to follow the instructions and use them with caution.

Loop rods are commonly known as circle rods because they have a circular shape. The term "loop" refers to the looped or rounded design of these rods, which allows for the creation of bouncy and voluminous curls. This type of rod is often used in hairstyling to achieve a more natural and effortless curly look.

In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place within 5-10 minutes. This is because during the permanent waving process, the hair is treated with a chemical solution that breaks the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped. This chemical reaction occurs relatively quickly, and after 5-10 minutes, the hair has undergone the majority of the necessary changes. Leaving the chemical solution on for longer periods can result in over-processing and damage to the hair. Therefore, the correct answer is 5-10 minutes.

A piggyback wrap is a type of wrap in which the hair is wrapped on one rod from the scalp to midway down the hair shaft. This technique is commonly used in hair styling to create volume and body in the hair. It involves sectioning the hair into smaller sections and wrapping them around the rod in a staggered pattern, resembling the way piggyback rides are formed. This wrap technique allows for a more natural and layered look, as the hair is wrapped at different lengths on the rod.

It is recommended to always smell the hair after the recommended time has elapsed for a permanent wave. This is because the smell of the hair can indicate if the neutralizing process was successful or not. If the hair has a strong chemical smell, it may indicate that the neutralizing process was not effective and further rinsing or neutralizing is required.

The medulla is the innermost layer of the hair. It is a soft, spongy, and flexible layer that runs down the center of the hair shaft. It is composed of loosely packed cells and air spaces, giving it a lighter appearance compared to the other layers of the hair. The medulla is not always present in every hair strand, and its presence or absence can vary among individuals.

The correct answer is cortex. The cortex is the middle layer of the hair shaft, located between the medulla and the cuticle. It is made up of keratinized cells that provide strength, elasticity, and color to the hair. The cortex contains the majority of the hair's pigment, giving it its natural color. It also determines the hair's texture and shape.

Curl re-formation is the correct answer because it refers to the chemical texture service that is used to loosen overly curly hair and transform it into loose curls or waves. This process involves using chemicals to break down the natural curl pattern and restructure the hair into a different texture. It is a popular option for individuals who want to change their curly hair into a more manageable and relaxed style.

Lithium hydroxide relaxers and potassium hydroxide relaxers are often advertised and sold as "no-lye relaxers" because they do not contain sodium hydroxide, which is commonly known as lye. Lye relaxers are known to be harsher and more damaging to the hair and scalp. By marketing these relaxers as "no-lye," manufacturers are suggesting that they are gentler and safer options for relaxing the hair.

With extremely curly hair, the twists create small sections of the hair strands. These sections are thin and fragile, making them the thinnest and weakest parts of the hair strands.

Lanthionization is the correct answer because it refers to the process by which hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten hair. This process involves breaking the disulfide bonds in the hair and then reforming them in a straighter configuration. Lanthionization is the term used to describe the formation of new bonds between the sulfur atoms in cysteine, an amino acid found in hair, and the hydroxide ions in the relaxer. This chemical reaction results in the permanent straightening of the hair.

If the client's hair has been treated with hydroxide relaxer, it will not hold a curl. This is because hydroxide relaxers break down the disulfide bonds in the hair, which are responsible for the hair's natural curl pattern. Once these bonds are broken, they cannot reform, resulting in straightened hair that is resistant to curling. Therefore, if the client's hair has undergone hydroxide relaxer treatment, it will not be able to hold a curl.

Half-off base placement is the technique of wrapping the hair at a 90-degree angle or straight out from the center. This technique involves placing the base halfway between the scalp and the ends of the hair, creating a natural lift and volume at the base while still maintaining some curl or wave at the ends. It is a versatile technique that allows for a balance between volume and curl, making it suitable for various hairstyles and hair types.

Porous hair refers to hair that has a high level of porosity, meaning it has gaps or holes in the hair shaft. This type of hair is more susceptible to damage because it absorbs and loses moisture more easily. A highly alkaline permanent waving solution, which is used in the process of perming hair, can further damage porous hair by causing it to become overly dry and brittle. Therefore, it is important to be cautious when using such solutions on porous hair to prevent further damage.

A basic permanent wrap is a wrapping pattern in which all the rods within a panel move in the same direction and are positioned on equal-sized bases. This technique is commonly used in hair salons to create a uniform and consistent curl or wave pattern. The rods are placed parallel to each other, and the hair is wrapped around them in the same direction to achieve a cohesive look. This wrapping pattern ensures that the curls or waves are evenly distributed and have a consistent size and shape.

Base placement refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section.

Sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly known as table salt, is a neutral compound formed by the combination of an acid (hydrochloric acid) and a base (sodium hydroxide). It does not have neutralizing properties for acids or bases. In contrast, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide are chemicals that can act as neutralizers, helping to neutralize acids or bases. Distilled water, being neutral, does not have a neutralizing effect either, but it is not actively neutralizing substances like ammonia or hydrogen peroxide.

Hydroxide ions left in the hair after a relaxer can be neutralized using an acid-balanced shampoo. This type of shampoo contains mild acids that help to restore the hair's pH balance by neutralizing the alkaline hydroxide ions. By using an acid-balanced shampoo, the residual hydroxide ions are effectively neutralized, preventing any further chemical damage to the hair and scalp. Conditioning rinses and thio neutralizers may provide additional benefits for the hair, but they are not specifically designed to neutralize hydroxide ions. Acid-free shampoos, on the other hand, would not be effective in neutralizing the alkaline hydroxide ions.

Salt bonds are relatively weak physical side bonds that are the result of an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges. This type of bond is formed when a positively charged ion interacts with a negatively charged ion, resulting in a weak electrostatic attraction. Salt bonds can be easily broken by changes in pH or temperature, making them weaker compared to other types of chemical bonds such as covalent or ionic bonds.

Manufacturers add an alkalizing agent to waving solutions, which is commonly referred to as "thio". Thio is short for "thioglycolate", which is a common ingredient used in waving solutions to break the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped. This process is commonly known as perming or waving the hair. Thio is an important component in the chemical process of hair perming, as it helps to soften and reshape the hair structure.

A pH of 7.0 is considered neutral, while the pH of hair is typically around 4.5-5.5, which is slightly acidic. The given answer states that a pH of 7.0 is 100 times more alkaline than the pH of hair. This means that the pH of hair is more acidic compared to a neutral pH of 7.0, and the difference in acidity is 100 times greater.

For on-base placement, the hair is wrapped at a 45-degree angle beyond perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned on its base. This means that the hair is wrapped diagonally at a 45-degree angle away from its natural growth direction. The rod is then placed on top of the base section, ensuring that the hair is secured in place and will create a natural-looking curl or wave.

Acid waves are used in salons for perming hair. The pH of a solution determines its acidity or alkalinity. A pH value below 7 indicates acidity, while a pH value above 7 indicates alkalinity. The given answer states that the pH of most acid waves found in salons is between 7.8 and 8.2. This range suggests that acid waves are slightly acidic, as it falls below 7 but is still close to neutral (pH 7).

Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly known as lye relaxers. This is because sodium hydroxide, also known as lye, is the active ingredient in these relaxers. Lye relaxers are used to chemically straighten or relax curly or kinky hair. They work by breaking down the protein structure of the hair, allowing it to be reshaped into a straighter form. Sodium hydroxide relaxers are known for their strong and effective results, but they can also be harsh on the hair if not used properly.

Most alkaline permanent waves have a pH between 9.0 and 9.6. This pH range is considered alkaline, which means it is above 7 on the pH scale. Alkaline permanent waves use ammonium thioglycolate as the reducing agent, and this chemical works best in an alkaline environment. The pH range of 9.0 to 9.6 helps to break down the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing for the reshaping of the hair's structure during the perming process.

Chemical relaxers are used to straighten curly or kinky hair. These products work by breaking down the protein structure in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped. A higher pH value indicates a more alkaline solution. In the case of chemical relaxers, a higher pH is necessary to effectively break down the protein bonds in the hair. A pH value above 10 is typically required for the relaxer to work effectively, making it the correct answer.

Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. These bonds can be broken by the presence of water molecules, which can disrupt the hydrogen bonding network. Additionally, heat can also break hydrogen bonds by providing energy to overcome the attractive forces between the hydrogen and electronegative atoms. Therefore, either water or heat can break hydrogen bonds.