Chapter 18/19 Assessment Noel Pd 2

The correct answer is continental shelf because the sentence states that along North America's Pacific coast, the _______ is narrow. The continental shelf refers to the shallow, submerged portion of the continent that extends from the shoreline to the drop-off point known as the continental slope. Therefore, the continental shelf fits the context of the sentence as it is a narrow feature along the coast.

The continental slope can be found right next to the continental shelf. The continental slope is a steep slope that descends from the edge of the continental shelf down to the ocean floor. It marks the transition between the shallow continental shelf and the deep ocean basin.

Plants undergo a process called photosynthesis, where they use carbon dioxide, nutrients in the water, and sunlight to produce energy. This energy is essential for the plant's growth and development. Carbon dioxide is one of the raw materials required for photosynthesis, while nutrients in the water provide essential elements for plant metabolism. Sunlight is the source of energy that drives the photosynthetic process, allowing plants to convert these raw materials into energy-rich molecules such as glucose. Therefore, the correct answer is energy.

Preventing ocean pollution will require a combination of international treaties, reducing land pollution, and education. International treaties are necessary to establish regulations and standards that all countries can adhere to in order to prevent pollution. Reducing land pollution is crucial because much of the pollution that ends up in the ocean comes from land-based sources such as industrial waste and runoff. Education is important to raise awareness about the impact of pollution on the ocean and to promote responsible behavior. Therefore, all of the listed options are necessary to effectively prevent ocean pollution.

Placer deposits refer to valuable sediment that is deposited at the mouth of rivers where they enter the ocean. These deposits are formed when heavy minerals and valuable materials such as gold, diamonds, or precious stones are carried by the river and settle in the sediment at the river mouth. Over time, these deposits accumulate and can be mined for their valuable resources.

A point source is the exact origin of a pollutant. It refers to a single, identifiable location or facility from which pollutants are discharged into the environment. This could include factories, power plants, or sewage treatment plants, among others. Point sources are easier to monitor and regulate compared to non-point sources, which are diffuse and scattered, making them an important focus for pollution control and prevention efforts.

Chemosynthesis is the process by which organisms use elements such as sulfur and nitrogen to produce food in the absence of carbon dioxide and sunlight. Unlike photosynthesis, which relies on sunlight as an energy source, chemosynthesis utilizes chemical energy from inorganic compounds to fuel the production of organic molecules. This process is commonly observed in deep-sea ecosystems where sunlight cannot penetrate, and organisms rely on the energy derived from chemical reactions to survive and thrive.

The organisms mentioned in the statement are producers. Producers are organisms that have the ability to create their own food through processes like photosynthesis and chemosynthesis. They convert sunlight or chemicals into energy-rich molecules, such as glucose, which can be used as a source of energy. This distinguishes them from consumers, which rely on consuming other organisms for their energy needs.

Diatoms are a type of plankton found in the ocean. Plankton refers to small organisms that drift in the water and are unable to swim against the current. Diatoms are single-celled algae that are an important part of the marine food chain. They are considered plankton because they are carried by ocean currents and do not have the ability to actively move or swim.

A food chain is a sequence of organisms in which each organism serves as a source of energy for the next organism in the chain. This means that at each stage of a food chain, the energy obtained by one organism is passed on and used by another organism. Therefore, the correct answer is food chain.

Estuaries are less salty than an ocean because they receive water input from rivers. The freshwater from rivers dilutes the saltwater in estuaries, resulting in a lower salinity level compared to the ocean. This mixing of freshwater and saltwater creates a unique and dynamic ecosystem in estuaries, supporting a diverse range of plant and animal species that are adapted to survive in varying salinity levels.

Seals would be an example of nekton because nekton refers to organisms that are able to swim and move independently in the water. Seals are marine mammals that are well-adapted for swimming and are capable of covering long distances in search of food. They are not considered plankton, which are tiny organisms that drift in the water, nor are they benthos, which are organisms that live on or in the bottom of a body of water.

Plankton is not considered a consumer because it is a primary producer. Plankton are microscopic organisms that can perform photosynthesis and produce their own food, making them part of the base of the food chain. Consumers, on the other hand, obtain their energy by consuming other organisms. Seals, whales, and fish are all examples of consumers as they rely on other organisms for their energy and nutrients. Therefore, the correct answer is plankton.

The letter A represents the Abyssal Plain. The Abyssal Plain is a flat and relatively level area of the ocean floor that is located between the continental rise and the mid-ocean ridge. It is characterized by its depth, typically ranging from 3,000 to 6,000 meters, and its smooth and sediment-covered surface. The Abyssal Plain is one of the major topographic features of the ocean floor and is home to a diverse range of organisms adapted to the extreme conditions of the deep sea.

The correct answer is Continental Shelf. The continental shelf is the gently sloping area of the ocean floor that extends from the edge of a continent to the continental slope. It is a relatively shallow area that is rich in marine life and is often used for fishing, oil and gas exploration, and submarine cable installations. The other options, Mid-Ocean Ridge, Abyssal Plain, and Ocean Trench, represent different features of the ocean floor that are not related to the continental shelf.

The correct answer is Continental Slope. The continental slope is the steeply sloping edge of the continental shelf that leads down to the deep ocean floor. It is formed by the accumulation of sediment and erosion processes. The continental slope is an important feature of the ocean floor and plays a crucial role in the formation and movement of ocean currents, as well as providing habitats for various marine organisms.

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The letter E represents the Mid-Ocean Ridge. The Mid-Ocean Ridge is a mountain range that runs through the middle of the ocean floor, spanning across the entire globe. It is formed by the movement of tectonic plates and is characterized by volcanic activity and the creation of new oceanic crust. The Mid-Ocean Ridge is an important feature in understanding plate tectonics and the process of seafloor spreading.

The figure below represents a series of organisms that are interconnected through their feeding relationships. This is known as a food chain, where energy is transferred from one organism to another as they consume each other. Each organism occupies a specific trophic level in the chain, indicating their position in the flow of energy. The figure likely illustrates the transfer of energy from producers (plants) to primary consumers (herbivores), and then to secondary consumers (carnivores), showcasing the concept of a food chain.

The killer whales shown in the figure are an example of nekton. Nekton refers to organisms that are capable of swimming and moving independently in the water column. Killer whales are highly mobile and powerful swimmers, allowing them to actively hunt and navigate their environment. Therefore, they are considered nektonic organisms. Plankton, on the other hand, refers to organisms that are unable to swim against the current and are at the mercy of ocean currents for their movement.

If many of the linkages in the figure became interwoven to form a complex system, the system would be called a food web. A food web is a network of interconnected food chains, showing the flow of energy and nutrients through different organisms in an ecosystem. It represents the complex interactions between producers, consumers, and decomposers, and illustrates the feeding relationships among various organisms in a community.

Plankton are organisms that are dependent upon currents for movement. They are unable to swim against the currents and are therefore carried along by them. Plankton can be divided into two main groups: phytoplankton, which are photosynthetic and form the base of the food chain, and zooplankton, which are animal-like and feed on phytoplankton. Due to their small size and lack of swimming ability, plankton rely on ocean currents to transport them to different areas for feeding and reproduction.

Desalination is the correct answer because it is the process of removing salt and other impurities from ocean water to make it suitable for drinking. This process involves various methods such as reverse osmosis, distillation, or electrodialysis, which separate the salt and minerals from the water, leaving behind clean and drinkable water. Sedimentation is the process of allowing suspended particles to settle at the bottom, and condensation is the process of converting vapor into liquid. However, neither of these processes specifically relates to creating clean drinking water from ocean water.

When a wave approaches shallow water, the wave height increases. This is because the bottom of the wave starts to interact with the ocean floor, causing the wave to slow down and compress. As a result, the energy of the wave is concentrated in a smaller vertical space, leading to an increase in wave height. The wave length may decrease as well, but the main change is the increase in wave height. Circular motion refers to the movement of water particles in a wave, but it is not directly related to the increase in wave height in shallow water.

When the Moon, Earth, and Sun are in a line, the gravitational forces exerted by both the Moon and the Sun on the Earth align, resulting in the highest gravitational pull. This alignment causes the tidal range, which is the difference in height between high and low tides, to be at its maximum. Therefore, the correct answer is "greatest."

Giant waves produced by the gravity of the moon and sun are called tides. The gravitational pull of the moon and sun causes the water on Earth's surface to bulge, creating a rise and fall in sea levels. These periodic changes in sea levels are known as tides. Tides play a crucial role in various coastal processes and ecosystems, influencing navigation, marine life, and erosion patterns.

When the Sun, Earth, and Moon form a 90 degree angle, we have neap tides. Neap tides occur during the first and third quarter moon phases. During this time, the gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon partially cancel each other out, resulting in weaker tides. The term "neap" comes from the Middle English word "neep," meaning "scant" or "low."

Wavelength is a term used to describe the distance between two adjacent crests or troughs of a wave. It represents the length of one complete wave cycle. In this context, "crests" refers to the highest points of a wave, and it is correct to say that wavelength is the horizontal distance between adjacent wave crests.

Surface currents are caused by winds. Winds blowing across the surface of the ocean create friction with the water, causing it to move in the same direction as the wind. This movement of water is known as surface currents. The strength and direction of the winds determine the speed and direction of the surface currents. The winds can be influenced by various factors such as the rotation of the Earth, temperature differences, and atmospheric pressure systems. Therefore, winds play a crucial role in driving the movement of surface currents in the ocean.

The lowest point on a wave is called the trough. This is the point where the displacement of the wave is at its minimum, creating a downward or negative deviation from the equilibrium position. The trough is the opposite of the crest, which is the highest point on a wave.

An increase in ocean salinity can increase density, which in turn can create a current. As the salinity of the water increases, the concentration of dissolved salts also increases. This higher concentration of salts makes the water denser. Denser water tends to sink, creating a flow of water from areas of higher density to areas of lower density. This movement of water, driven by differences in density, is what we refer to as a current.

The correct answer is basins. Oceans formed when water filled low areas on Earth known as basins. Basins are depressions or hollows on the Earth's surface that collect water. As water accumulated in these basins over millions of years, they eventually formed the vast bodies of water that we now refer to as oceans.

When the wind blows across a body of water, the force of friction between the water and the air causes the water to move. Friction is the resistance that occurs when two surfaces come into contact and slide against each other. In this case, as the wind pushes against the surface of the water, the friction between the air and the water causes the water to be set in motion.

When the atmosphere cools, water vapor condenses into liquid droplets or ice crystals, forming clouds. These clouds eventually become saturated and cannot hold the condensed water vapor anymore. As a result, the condensed water droplets or ice crystals fall from the clouds as precipitation, which can include rain, snow, sleet, or hail. Therefore, the correct answer is "precipitation."

Organisms that photosynthesize release oxygen as a byproduct of their metabolic process. This oxygen is then dissolved in the surrounding water and enters the ocean. Therefore, photosynthesizing organisms contribute to the entry of oxygen into the ocean from the atmosphere.

The salinity of the oceans remains balanced because there is a continuous cycle of substances being added and substances being used by plants and animals. This cycle helps maintain the overall balance of salt concentration in the oceans.

The Gulf Stream current off the eastern coast of the United States generally flows from the equatorial regions of Earth. This is because the Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current that originates in the equatorial regions near the Gulf of Mexico and flows northward along the east coast of the United States. The equatorial regions receive direct sunlight and have warmer waters, which contribute to the formation and flow of the Gulf Stream current.

After a wave breaks onto the shore, the water goes back into the sea due to gravity. Gravity is the force that pulls objects towards each other, and in this case, it pulls the water back towards the sea. As the wave crashes onto the shore, the water is propelled forward, but gravity quickly takes over and pulls it back, causing the water to recede back into the sea.

A tidal bore is a kind of wave that forms when a rising tide enters a shallow, narrow river from a wide area of the sea.

The amplitude of a wave refers to half the distance of the height of the wave. It represents the maximum displacement of particles in a medium from their rest position when a wave passes through. The greater the amplitude, the more energy the wave carries. In this case, the correct answer is amplitude because it accurately describes half the distance of the height of a wave.

When a wave's amplitude increases, it means that the distance between the crest and trough of the wave becomes larger. This increase in amplitude leads to an increase in the total energy carried by the wave. Therefore, the correct answer is energy.

The Coriolis effect causes currents north of the equator to move to the right. This is because the Earth's rotation causes moving objects, such as air or water, to be deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere. As a result, the currents in the Northern Hemisphere are deflected to the right, creating a clockwise circulation pattern. This effect is opposite in the Southern Hemisphere, where currents are deflected to the left.

The warm water of the Gulf Stream affects Iceland's climate. The Gulf Stream is a powerful warm ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows along the eastern coast of the United States before crossing the Atlantic Ocean towards Europe. It carries warm water and heat from the tropics to the North Atlantic, influencing the climate of regions it passes through. In the case of Iceland, the Gulf Stream brings relatively mild temperatures, preventing the country from experiencing extremely cold winters despite its high latitude.

The Gulf Stream is a surface current. This means that it flows near the surface of the ocean rather than deep below. Surface currents are driven by wind patterns and the rotation of the Earth, and they play a crucial role in redistributing heat around the globe. The Gulf Stream specifically is a powerful warm current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows along the eastern coast of the United States before crossing the Atlantic Ocean towards Europe. It has a significant impact on weather patterns and marine ecosystems in the regions it passes through.

The letter D represents wavelength. Wavelength is a measure of the distance between two corresponding points on a wave, such as from one peak to the next. It is typically represented by the Greek letter lambda (λ), which looks similar to the letter D. Therefore, D is the correct answer.

The letter "C" represents crest.

The letter B represents the trough.

The letter A represents wave height.

Water is not transferred along the food chain as organisms feed on other organisms in the ocean. The transfer of energy and nutrients occurs through the consumption of organisms, but water itself does not move along the food chain. Water is constantly recycled within the ecosystem through processes such as evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.

Sewage in the ocean can cause immediate change in the ecosystem due to its harmful effects on marine life and the overall balance of the ecosystem. Sewage contains various pollutants and contaminants such as chemicals, toxins, and pathogens that can disrupt the natural processes and functions of marine organisms. It can lead to oxygen depletion, algal blooms, and the death of marine species. Additionally, sewage pollution can also affect human health through the consumption of contaminated seafood. Therefore, it is true that sewage in the ocean can cause immediate changes in the ecosystem.