Chapter 16 Online Study Guide
You have 45 minutes and 1 attempt (14 questions - 1 essay) Do not give or receive answers!
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
Approximately how many Americans are killed each day due to cigarette smoking?
- A.
4,000
- B.
1,180
- C.
27,400
- D.
478
Correct Answer
B. 1,180Explanation
Approximately 1,180 Americans are killed each day due to cigarette smoking. This statistic highlights the significant impact that smoking has on public health. Smoking is a leading cause of preventable deaths and is associated with various health issues such as lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory problems. The high number of deaths emphasizes the urgent need for effective tobacco control measures and smoking cessation programs to reduce the harm caused by smoking.Rate this question:
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- 2.
From section 16-1. The bodies of most human beings contain small amounts of about _____ synthetic organic chemicals - whose health effets are mostly unkown - that did not exist in 1920. (the actuall number is probably doubled since your textbook was pulbished)
- A.
50
- B.
100
- C.
500
- D.
250
Correct Answer
C. 500Explanation
According to section 16-1, the bodies of most human beings contain small amounts of about 500 synthetic organic chemicals that did not exist in 1920. These chemicals have mostly unknown health effects.Rate this question:
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- 3.
When you go to Lake Worth in the Northwest corner of Fort Worth there are signs posted that say it is unsafe to eat fish caught in the lake due to PCB's. In the section on Toxicology it mentions where PCB's come from. Which of the following is the main source of PCBs?
- A.
Electrical transormers
- B.
Refrigerators
- C.
Washing machines
- D.
Cell phones
Correct Answer
A. Electrical transormersExplanation
PCBs, or polychlorinated biphenyls, are a class of synthetic chemicals that were commonly used in electrical transformers. They were used as coolants and insulating fluids in these devices. Over time, it was discovered that PCBs are toxic and harmful to both human health and the environment. Therefore, the main source of PCBs, as mentioned in the question, is electrical transformers.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Legally, a poison is a chemical that has an LD50 of ___ milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight.
- A.
5
- B.
10
- C.
50
- D.
100
- E.
25
Correct Answer
C. 50Explanation
A poison is defined legally as a chemical that has a lethal dose (LD50) of 50 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight. This means that if a person were to consume or be exposed to this chemical, it would be potentially lethal if the dosage reaches or exceeds this threshold.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Look at Table 16-1. Notice that nicotine is classified as extremely toxic. Study this table for a few seconds and then choose which of the following has the lowest LD50.
- A.
Sulfuric acid
- B.
Lead salts
- C.
DDT
- D.
Botulism toxin
- E.
Glycerin
Correct Answer
D. Botulism toxinExplanation
The LD50 (lethal dose 50) is a measure of the toxicity of a substance, indicating the dose at which 50% of the test population would be expected to die. In the given question, the table classifies nicotine as extremely toxic, suggesting that it has a low LD50. Therefore, when comparing the options, the correct answer is botulism toxin, as it is implied to have an even lower LD50 than nicotine.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Look at section 16-3. After reading you will see there are several types of dangerous chemicals including mutagens, teratogens and carcinogens. Which of the following would be a teratogen?
- A.
Cigarette smoke
- B.
Hemophilia
- C.
Cystic fibrosis
- D.
Lead
- E.
Mercury
- F.
Both lead and mercury are teratogens
Correct Answer
F. Both lead and mercury are teratogens -
- 7.
Carcinogens promote the growth of a malignant tumor. Many ancerous tumors spread by _______ when malignant cells break off from tumores and travel in body fluids to other parts of the body. (spelling counts!)
Correct Answer
metastasis
MetastasisExplanation
Carcinogens are substances that can cause cancer. They promote the growth of malignant tumors, which are cancerous tumors. Malignant tumors have the ability to spread to other parts of the body, a process known as metastasis. During metastasis, malignant cells break off from the primary tumor and travel through body fluids to establish secondary tumors in different locations.Rate this question:
- 8.
Look at the paragraph on neurotoxins. Which of the following is a neurotoxin?
- A.
Teratogen
- B.
Metastasis
- C.
Nicotine
- D.
Lead
- E.
Endocrine
Correct Answer
D. LeadExplanation
Lead is a neurotoxin because it has the ability to damage the nervous system, particularly the brain. When lead enters the body, it can interfere with the normal functioning of neurons and disrupt the transmission of signals between cells. This can lead to a range of neurological symptoms and impairments, such as cognitive deficits, developmental delays, and behavioral problems. Therefore, lead is considered a neurotoxin due to its harmful effects on the nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 9.
In Section 16-3 it talks about how little we really know about the harmful effects of chemicals. Currently, fedaral and state governments do not regulate about _____% of the commercially used chemicals in the United States. These are the chemicals that end up in our streams, lakes and rivers (which provide us with drinking water!).
- A.
75
- B.
99.5
- C.
80
- D.
50
Correct Answer
B. 99.5Explanation
The correct answer is 99.5 because according to Section 16-3, federal and state governments do not regulate about 99.5% of the commercially used chemicals in the United States. These unregulated chemicals can end up in our water sources, posing potential harm to human health and the environment. This highlights the limited knowledge and control we have over the harmful effects of these chemicals.Rate this question:
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- 10.
IN section 16-4 it mentions the world's seven deadliest infectious dieseases. #7 is
- A.
Malaria
- B.
Measles
- C.
Hepatities B
- D.
Tuberculosis
Correct Answer
C. Hepatities BExplanation
Hepatitis B is listed as the seventh deadliest infectious disease in section 16-4.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Now that you are an expert on viral and bacterial diseases (after reading 16-4). Which of the following is not a viral disease?
- A.
Ebola
- B.
Rabies
- C.
HIV
- D.
Cholera
Correct Answer
D. CholeraExplanation
Cholera is not a viral disease. It is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which is typically transmitted through contaminated food or water. Cholera leads to severe diarrhea and dehydration, and can be life-threatening if left untreated. Ebola, rabies, and HIV, on the other hand, are all viral diseases caused by the Ebola virus, the rabies virus, and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) respectively.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Approximately how many people die each year from the flu (in the United States)?
- A.
20,000
- B.
1 million
- C.
500,000
- D.
Less than 10,000
Correct Answer
A. 20,000Explanation
Approximately 20,000 people die each year from the flu in the United States.Rate this question:
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- 13.
After reading the section on HIV/AIDs. The WHO estimates that between 2000 and 2010 AIDS would kill as many people as all the ____ in the 20th century combined
- A.
Diseases
- B.
Car accidents
- C.
Natural disasters
- D.
Wars
Correct Answer
D. WarsExplanation
The correct answer is wars. According to the section on HIV/AIDS, the WHO estimates that between 2000 and 2010, AIDS would cause a death toll comparable to that of all the wars in the 20th century combined. This comparison highlights the devastating impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on global mortality rates, emphasizing the urgency of addressing and combating the disease.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Read the Spotlight on page 406. Answer both cricitcal thinking questions. Each answer should be SEVERAL sentences long.
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Mar 20, 2023Quiz Edited by
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