Chapter 15 Darwins Theory Of Evolution
Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution is perhaps the most important scientific report known to humankind, given that it’s the basis by which we track how we got to where we are today from a biological standpoint over thousands and thousands of years. What do you know about the theory?
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What are fossils?
- 2.
What animals did darwin observed?
- 3.
What is natural selection?
- 4.
Describe three observations about animals in South America on the Galapagos islands
- 5.
What is evolution?
- A.
Changes in inherited characteristics of a population that help increase the fitness of a species
- B.
Ability of animal to reproduce
- C.
Change over time where modern organisms have descended from ancient organism
Correct Answer
C. Change over time where modern organisms have descended from ancient organismExplanation
The correct answer is "change over time where modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms". This explanation states that evolution refers to the process of change occurring over time, where modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms. It implies that species have gradually developed and adapted to their environment through inherited characteristics, resulting in the diversity of life forms we observe today.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A well supported testabloe explaination that have occured in the natural world is a ____________________
Correct Answer
theoryExplanation
A theory is a well-supported and testable explanation that is based on evidence and observations from the natural world. It is a comprehensive framework that helps to explain a wide range of phenomena and has been repeatedly tested and confirmed through experimentation and observation. Theories are essential in scientific research as they provide a foundation for understanding and predicting natural phenomena. They are constantly evolving and subject to revision as new evidence emerges.Rate this question:
- 7.
During his travels, darwin made numerous _________ and collected _________ that led him to propose a revolutionary hypothesis about the way _____ changes over time.
- A.
Experiments, specimens, plants
- B.
Observations, evidence, life
- C.
Observations, species, life
- D.
Hypthesis, evidence, evolution
Correct Answer
B. Observations, evidence, lifeExplanation
During his travels, Darwin made numerous observations and collected evidence that led him to propose a revolutionary hypothesis about the way life changes over time. This explanation fits with Darwin's role as a naturalist and his famous work on evolution through natural selection. By observing various species and collecting evidence in the form of specimens, Darwin was able to develop his theory on the evolution of life.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What did lyell and hutton helped scientists recognize?
- A.
Earth is millions years old and the processes that changed earth in the past are still operating
- B.
Human population are growing and we will run out of supplies
- C.
Inheritance of traits could be acquired
Correct Answer
A. Earth is millions years old and the processes that changed earth in the past are still operatingExplanation
Lyell and Hutton helped scientists recognize that the Earth is millions of years old and that the processes that changed the Earth in the past are still operating. This concept is known as uniformitarianism, which suggests that the same geological processes that occurred in the past, such as erosion and volcanic activity, continue to shape the Earth's surface today. This understanding of Earth's history and ongoing processes has been crucial in the field of geology and has greatly contributed to our knowledge of the Earth's formation and development over time.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What did lamarck's evolution hypotheses suggest?
- A.
Animals changed over time because of natural selection
- B.
Organisms are not adapted to their environment
- C.
Selective use or disuse for a body part change lead to change in that organ when its passed on to the offspring
Correct Answer
C. Selective use or disuse for a body part change lead to change in that organ when its passed on to the offspringExplanation
tendency toward perfection, use and disuse, inheritance of acquired traits, organism are adapted to their environmentRate this question:
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- 10.
Separate answers with a commamalthus reasoned that if the __________ p___________ continued to ________ unchecked, sooner or later there would be ____________ living __________ and __________ for everyone
Correct Answer
human, population, grow, insufficient, space, foodExplanation
Malthus reasoned that if the human population continued to grow unchecked, sooner or later there would be insufficient space and food for everyone. Malthus believed that population growth would outpace the ability to produce enough resources, leading to a scarcity of space and food for the growing population. This theory is known as Malthusianism and suggests that population growth should be controlled to avoid resource depletion and overcrowding.Rate this question:
- 11.
What islands did darwin visited that had the most changes?
Correct Answer
galapagos islandExplanation
Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands, which had the most changes. The Galapagos Islands are known for their unique and diverse ecosystems, which played a crucial role in Darwin's development of the theory of evolution. The isolated nature of the islands allowed for the development of distinct species and variations, leading to significant changes that caught Darwin's attention and contributed to his understanding of natural selection.Rate this question:
- 12.
Nature provided the variation and humans selected the useful ones is called __________ ___________
Correct Answer
artificial selectionExplanation
The process described in the question, where nature provides the variation and humans select the useful ones, is known as artificial selection. This is a deliberate process where humans intentionally choose certain traits or characteristics in plants or animals through breeding, resulting in desired offspring. It is commonly used in agriculture and animal husbandry to enhance specific traits such as yield, size, or resistance to diseases. Artificial selection is different from natural selection, where the environment selects the fittest individuals based on their advantageous traits.Rate this question:
- 13.
What are the three ideas of evolution?
- A.
Struggle for existence, survival of the fittest, and decent with modification
- B.
Fossil records, survival of the fittest, and geogrpaphic distribution of living things
- C.
Descent with modification , homologous body structures, and similarities in embryology
Correct Answer
A. Struggle for existence, survival of the fittest, and decent with modificationExplanation
The correct answer is "struggle for existence, survival of the fittest, and descent with modification." These three ideas of evolution are key concepts in Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection. The struggle for existence refers to the competition among individuals for limited resources, which drives the process of natural selection. Survival of the fittest means that individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their traits to future generations. Descent with modification refers to the idea that species evolve over time through gradual changes in their traits and characteristics.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What is fitness
- A.
How healthy an organism is
- B.
The ability to adapt
- C.
The ability to fight
- D.
The ability to reproduce and survive
Correct Answer
D. The ability to reproduce and surviveExplanation
Fitness refers to the ability of an organism to reproduce and survive. This includes the organism's capacity to pass on its genetic material to the next generation and its ability to adapt to its environment. In the context of evolution, fitness is a measure of how well an organism is adapted to its environment and how successful it is in reproducing and passing on its genes. Organisms with higher fitness are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the propagation of their advantageous traits in future generations.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Over time natural selection results in _____ in the ________ characteristics of a population
Correct Answer
changes, inheritedExplanation
Over time, natural selection leads to changes in the inherited characteristics of a population. This means that certain traits that are advantageous for survival and reproduction become more common in the population, while traits that are disadvantageous become less common. These changes occur because individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and pass on their genes to the next generation, while individuals with disadvantageous traits are less likely to reproduce. As a result, the population as a whole becomes better adapted to its environment over time.Rate this question:
- 16.
These changes over time increase the _________ of a species in its environment
Correct Answer
fitnessExplanation
As the question states that "these changes over time increase the fitness of a species in its environment," it implies that the changes occurring in the species over time lead to an improvement in its ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. This increased fitness enables the species to adapt better to its surroundings, compete with other organisms, and pass on its advantageous traits to future generations.Rate this question:
- 17.
What are the four indirect evidence of evolution?
Correct Answer
fossil records, geographic distribution of living species, homologous body structures, similarities in embryology
fossil records, geographic distribution, homologous structures, embryologyExplanation
The correct answer is fossil records, geographic distribution of living species, homologous body structures, and similarities in embryology. These four pieces of evidence support the theory of evolution. Fossil records provide physical evidence of organisms that lived in the past and show how species have changed over time. The geographic distribution of living species shows how different species are distributed across different regions and how they have adapted to their environments. Homologous body structures are similar structures found in different species, indicating a common ancestry. Similarities in embryology show that different species go through similar developmental stages, suggesting a shared evolutionary history.Rate this question:
- 18.
What book did darwin published with his ideas on evolution?
- A.
Essay on the principle of population
- B.
On the origin of species
- C.
Principles of geology
Correct Answer
B. On the origin of speciesExplanation
"On the Origin of Species" is the correct answer because it is the book that Darwin published with his ideas on evolution. This groundbreaking work, published in 1859, presented Darwin's theory of natural selection and provided evidence for the process of evolution. It revolutionized the scientific understanding of life on Earth and had a profound impact on various fields, including biology, anthropology, and philosophy.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Who is another scientist that presented the idea of evolution around the same time as darwin
- A.
Hutton
- B.
Thomas malthus
- C.
Lamarck
- D.
Alfred wallace
Correct Answer
D. Alfred wallaceExplanation
Alfred Wallace is another scientist who presented the idea of evolution around the same time as Darwin. He independently developed a theory of evolution through natural selection, which closely resembled Darwin's ideas. Wallace's work on the subject was published jointly with Darwin's in 1858, leading to the recognition of both scientists for their contributions to the theory of evolution.Rate this question:
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- 20.
What was the name of the name of darwin's voyage called?
Correct Answer
H.M.S. beagleExplanation
Darwin's voyage was famously known as the H.M.S. Beagle. This was the name of the ship that Darwin sailed on during his expedition, which lasted from 1831 to 1836. The voyage took Darwin to various locations, including the Galapagos Islands, where he made important observations and collected evidence that would later contribute to his theory of evolution by natural selection. The H.M.S. Beagle played a crucial role in Darwin's scientific journey and is often associated with his groundbreaking work.Rate this question:
- 21.
Differences among individual of a species are referred to as
- A.
Natural variation
- B.
Fitness
- C.
Natural selection
- D.
Adaptation
Correct Answer
A. Natural variationExplanation
Natural variation refers to the differences among individuals of a species. These differences can be in terms of physical characteristics, genetic makeup, or behavior. Natural variation is a result of genetic mutations, recombination, and environmental factors. It is an essential component of evolution as it provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon. Natural variation allows individuals to have different traits, which can lead to differences in survival and reproduction rates. Therefore, natural variation is the correct term to describe the differences among individuals of a species.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What is speciation?
Correct Answer
formation of a new speciesExplanation
Speciation refers to the process by which a new species is formed. It occurs when a population of organisms diverges and becomes reproductively isolated from other populations, leading to the development of distinct characteristics and genetic variations. This can happen through various mechanisms such as geographic isolation, genetic mutations, natural selection, and genetic drift. Ultimately, speciation results in the creation of a new species that is distinct from its ancestral population.Rate this question:
- 23.
Fitness is a result of
- A.
Homologies
- B.
Common descent
- C.
Variation
- D.
Adaptation
Correct Answer
D. AdaptationExplanation
Adaptation refers to the process by which organisms adjust to their environment in order to survive and reproduce. It involves the development of traits that enhance an organism's fitness, or its ability to successfully pass on its genes to future generations. Through adaptation, organisms can better exploit available resources, avoid predators, or withstand environmental pressures. Homologies and common descent, on the other hand, are related to the evolutionary history and relationships between species, while variation is the raw material upon which adaptation acts. Therefore, adaptation is the most direct and applicable explanation for fitness.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissue are
Correct Answer
homologous structuresExplanation
Homologous structures refer to anatomical features in different organisms that have a similar structure and origin, indicating a common evolutionary ancestry. These structures may have different mature forms in different organisms, but they develop from the same embryonic tissue. This suggests that these organisms share a common ancestor and have diverged over time, resulting in variations in the mature forms of these structures. Homologous structures provide evidence for evolution and the relatedness of different species.Rate this question:
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