Chapter 14: Principles Of Disease And Epidemiology

Toxemia refers to the presence of toxins in the blood. It occurs when toxins are produced by bacteria or other microorganisms and enter the bloodstream, causing systemic effects. Bactermia refers specifically to the presence of bacteria in the blood, while viremia refers to the presence of viruses in the blood. Therefore, toxemia is the correct answer as it encompasses the broader concept of toxins in the bloodstream.

A nosocomial infection is an infection that develops as a result of a hospital stay. It is estimated to affect about 5%-15% of all hospitalized patients. This type of infection is acquired in a healthcare setting, such as a hospital or clinic, and is not present or incubating at the time of admission. Nosocomial infections are typically caused by bacteria or other pathogens that are commonly found in healthcare environments. Preventive measures, such as proper hand hygiene and infection control protocols, are crucial in reducing the incidence of nosocomial infections.

We briefly talked about malaria and how the pathogen actually use the mosquito and chills there..THEN when the mosquito bites someone it is transferred. I hate mosquitos...

In order to determine what the disease is, it must be spread to classify and determine what the bacteria is.

A syndrome is indeed a group of symptoms that are typically associated with a specific disease. These symptoms often occur together and can help doctors in diagnosing and treating the underlying condition. By recognizing the pattern of symptoms, medical professionals can narrow down the potential causes and provide appropriate care. Therefore, the statement "A syndrome is a group of symptoms that go with a particular disease" is true.

Direct contact is obviously from person to person. Droplet transmission is the spread of microbes via droplet nuclei over short distances, such as sneezing, laughing, coughing, talking.

The statement is true because when it comes to nosocomial infections (infections acquired in a healthcare setting), opportunistic gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to drugs are the most common. These bacteria are able to take advantage of weakened immune systems and the widespread use of antibiotics in hospitals, making them more likely to cause infections in healthcare settings.

The correct answer is "all of the above" because diseases can be spread through various ways. Communicable diseases are those that can be transmitted from one person to another through direct or indirect contact. Contagious diseases are a type of communicable disease that spreads easily from person to person. On the other hand, non-communicable diseases are not spread from person to person but can still be caused by various factors such as genetics, lifestyle choices, or environmental factors. Therefore, all three categories mentioned in the options can be ways in which diseases are spread.

Commensalism is also on the review sheet..but im not 100% sure what it is..so i guess we'll ask her sometime.

A spoon is a good example for a "fomate." Which would be spread indirectly. Catheters and syringes are a key factor in the chain or transmission in hospitals; nosocomial infections.

Epidemiology is just the study of transmission, incidence and frequency. Kochs postulates actually establish what the microbe is.