Block 9 Epidemiology MCQ's
13 Questions
| Total Attempts: 2025
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Questions and Answers
- 1.All of the following are true of odds ratio except:
- A.
It is an estimate of relative risk
- B.
It is the only measure of risk that can be obtained directly form a case-control study
- C.
It tends to be biased towards 1 (neither risk or protection) at high rates of disease
- D.
It is the ratio of incidence in exposed divided by incidence in nonexposed
- E.
It can be calculated without data on rates (as in a case-control study)
- 2.In a well designed clinical trial of treatment of ovarian cancer, remission rate at one year is similar for a new drug and usual care, The P-value is 0.4. This means that
- A.
Both treatments are effective
- B.
Neither treatment is effective
- C.
The statistical power of this study is 60%
- D.
The best estimate of treatment effect is 0,4
- E.
It is not possible to decide on whether one treatment is better than the other using this information alone
- 3.A study was made of a clinician's ability to diagnose streptococcal throat infections in 149 patients coming to the emergency department in a certain hospital. The doctor's clinical impressions were compared to results of throat cultures or group A streptococcus. 37 patients had positive throat cultures and 27 of these were diagnosed by doctor as having strep throat. 112 patients had negative cultures, and the doctors diagnosed 35 of these as having strep throat. The specificity of the doctors' clinical judgment was:
- A.
27/37
- B.
77/112
- C.
27/62
- D.
10/87
- E.
104/149
- 4.A study was made of a clinician's ability to diagnose streptococcal throat infections in 149 patients coming to the emergency department in a certain hospital. The doctor's clinical impressions were compared to results of throat cultures or group A streptococcus. 37 patients had positive throat cultures and 27 of these were diagnosed by doctor as having strep throat. 112 patients had negative cultures, and the doctors diagnosed 35 of these as having strep throat. The predictive value of the doctors' clinical judgment for streptococcal sore throat was:
- A.
27/37
- B.
77/112
- C.
27/62
- D.
10/87
- E.
104/149
- 5.The mode of transport of an infectous agent through the environment to a susceptible host is called a:
- A.
Carrier
- B.
Reservoir
- C.
Vector
- D.
Vehicle
- 6.A longitudinal or prospective study is also referred to as a(n)
- A.
Ecological study
- B.
Cross-sectional study
- C.
Cohort study
- D.
Observational study
- 7.The following drug trial is synonymous with the term "clinical trial"?
- A.
Clinical pharmacology and toxicity
- B.
Full scale Evaluation of Treatment
- C.
Initial Clinical Investigation for Treatment Effect
- D.
Post marketing Survelillance
- 8.When designing a study to determine whether there is a direct association between a particular exposure and an outcome, one should anticipate that potential alternative explanation(s) may exist. Which of the following is a way to deal with confounding?
- A.
Post-hoc blocking
- B.
Randomization
- C.
Screening
- D.
Validation
- 9.Cedar Rivers is a community of 100,000 persons in central Iowa. During the year of the floods (2008) there were 1,000 deaths from all causes. A study of all cases of tuberculosis found the number of deaths at 300 (200 males and 100 females). During 2007, there were only 60 deaths from tuberculosis, 50 of them males. The crude mortality rate for Cedar Rivers in 2008 was:
- A.
300 per 100,000
- B.
60 per 1,000
- C.
10 per 1,000
- D.
100 per 11000
- 10.A screening test for brain cancer was administered to 400 women with biopsy-proven brain cancer and to 400 women without brain cancer. The test results were positive for 100 of the proven cases and 50 of the normal women. The predictive value of a positive test is
- A.
88%
- B.
33%
- C.
25%
- D.
67%
- 11.
-
After attending a retirement party for the Behavioral Sciences Department Chairperson, many of the faculty developed gastroenteritis. All attendees were interviewed by the local public health nurse who had completed a Principles of Epidemiology self-study course. The table shows the results of the interviews. Calculate the appropriate measure of association for each of the home-made food items shown in the table above. For which food is the measure of association the largest?
- A.
Macaroni Salad
- B.
Potato Salad
- C.
Three-bean Salad
- D.
Ice Cream
- 12.
A comparison of clinically diagnosed versus autopsy-confirmed gastric and peptc ulcers was performed on 100,000 consecutive diseased patients in several large hospitals as shown in the following table. From these data, the sensitivity of clinical diagnosis was:
- A.
1,500/1700
- B.
200/96,000
- C.
95,800/96,000
- D.
1,500/4,000
- E.
2,500/4,000
- 13.A laboratory test has been developed to assess the risk of prostate cancer among men. Studies with human subjects involving repeated measures indicate that the test yields the same results for every individual again and again, However, other studies indicate that there is a very low correlation between this new test for prostate cancer and already- existing tests with proven track records. The areas of relative strength and relative weakness of this new test respectively are:
- A.
Sensitivity and Specificity
- B.
Specificity and sensitivity
- C.
Reliability and validity
- D.
Validity and reliability
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From these data, the sensitivity of clinical diagnosis was:")
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