Chapter 13: Liquids

The correct answer is that the density of salt water exceeds the density of the egg. When salt is added to the water, it increases the density of the water. As a result, the density of the salt water becomes higher than the density of the egg, causing the egg to float. This experiment demonstrates the concept of buoyancy, where an object will float in a fluid if its density is lower than the density of the fluid it is placed in.

When holes are drilled through the wall of a water tower, water will spurt out the greatest horizontal distance from the hole closest to the bottom of the tower. This is because the water pressure is highest at the bottom of the tower due to the weight of the water above it. As a result, the water will be forced out with more force and will travel a greater horizontal distance compared to the holes at the middle or top of the tower where the water pressure is lower. Therefore, the hole closest to the bottom of the tower will have the greatest horizontal spurt distance.

The correct answer is "water pressure is greater with increasing depth." This is because the weight of the water above increases with depth, resulting in higher pressure at deeper levels. As a dam needs to withstand this pressure, it is designed to be thicker at the bottom to provide stability and prevent any potential breaches or structural failures.

The correct answer is that the density of both you and the jacket together is less than your density alone. This means that when you wear a life jacket, the overall density of your body and the jacket combined is lower than the density of your body alone. This lower density allows you to float in water because the buoyant force exerted by the water is greater than the gravitational force pulling you down.

When the rock is submerged in water, it experiences a buoyant force that opposes its weight. The difference between the weight of the rock in air (5 N) and the weight of the rock in water (3 N) is equal to the buoyant force acting on the rock. Therefore, the buoyant force on the rock is 5 N - 3 N = 2 N.

The weight of water displaced by a floating ship is equal to the weight of the ship itself. This is because of Archimedes' principle, which states that the buoyant force acting on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Since the ship is floating, it displaces an amount of water that is equal to its own weight, which is 100 tons in this case.

The buoyant force acting on a ship floating in the ocean is equal to the weight of the water displaced by the ship. According to Archimedes' principle, an object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. Since the ship is floating, the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the ship, which is 10 tons in this case.

The density of a fish is the same as the density of water. This means that the fish is neither more dense nor less dense than water. Density is a measure of how much mass is packed into a given volume, and since fish live in water and are adapted to their aquatic environment, their density is similar to that of water.

When a boat sails from fresh water to salt water, the boat will float higher in the water. This is because salt water is denser than fresh water. The increased density of salt water provides more buoyancy to the boat, causing it to float higher.

Pumice is a type of volcanic rock that is formed when lava with high gas content solidifies quickly. The gas bubbles trapped within the rock make it porous and lightweight, causing it to have a lower density than water. This is why pumice floats on water. Therefore, the correct answer is "less than the density of water."

When ice cubes are submerged at the bottom of a liquid, it indicates that the liquid is less dense than ice. This is because objects float in a liquid when the liquid is denser than the object. Since the ice cubes sink to the bottom, it means that the liquid is not displacing them, which suggests that the liquid has a lower density than the ice.

Blood pressure is normally greater in your feet. This is because blood has to work against gravity to flow from the heart to the feet, causing an increase in pressure. Additionally, the blood vessels in the feet are smaller and more constricted compared to other parts of the body, which further contributes to higher blood pressure in the feet.

The pressure in a liquid depends on both liquid density and depth. The density of a liquid determines how closely packed its particles are, and therefore how much mass is present in a given volume. The depth of a liquid affects the pressure because the weight of the liquid above a certain point increases with depth, resulting in higher pressure. Therefore, both the density and depth of a liquid play a role in determining the pressure within it.

The density of water is 1 gram per milliliter, which means that 1 liter of water has a mass of 1000 grams or 1 kilogram. Therefore, the correct answer is 1 kilogram.

When an object is partly or wholly immersed in a liquid, it experiences an upward force called buoyancy. According to Archimedes' principle, the buoyant force acting on an object is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the object. This means that the object will be buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the liquid it displaces. Therefore, the correct answer is "by a force equal to the weight of liquid displaced."

The pascal is a unit of pressure that is defined as one newton per square meter. This means that the pressure exerted by a force of one newton distributed over an area of one square meter is equal to one pascal. The other options, such as kilogram per square meter, newton per square centimeter, kilogram per square centimeter, and square meter per newton, are not equivalent to the definition of the pascal. Therefore, the correct answer is newton per square meter.

When a stick is put in water, it becomes wet because the adhesive forces between the stick and water are greater. Adhesive forces are the attractive forces between molecules of different substances. Water molecules have strong adhesive forces, which allow them to stick to the surface of the stick and make it wet. On the other hand, when a stick is put in mercury, the stick remains dry because the adhesive forces between the stick and mercury are weaker. Mercury molecules do not strongly adhere to the stick's surface, resulting in the stick remaining dry. Therefore, the correct answer is between stick and water.

The correct answer is greater than the density of sea water. This is because lobsters have a higher density than sea water, which allows them to sink and live on the bottom of the ocean.

The piece of wood floating in the bucket does not affect the weight of the water in the bucket. The weight of the water in both buckets is the same because they are filled to the top. Therefore, the weight of the bucket with the piece of wood is equal to the weight of the other bucket.

When an ice cube melts in a glass of water, the ice cube turns into liquid water, but the total volume of water in the glass remains the same. This is because the ice cube displaces its own volume of water, and when it melts, it fills the space it previously occupied. Therefore, the water level in the glass remains unchanged.

When ice melts, it turns into water. Iceberg A, which has large air bubbles in it, will melt and the air bubbles will escape into the atmosphere, causing the water level to remain the same. Iceberg B, which has unfrozen water in it, will also melt and turn into water, but since it was already filled to the brim, the water level will remain the same. Iceberg C, which has an iron railroad spike in it, will melt and the water level will decrease as the iron spike takes up less space than the ice. Therefore, the water level in C will decrease while the water levels in A and B will remain the same.

When the loop of wire is lowered into water, it displaces some amount of water, which creates an upward buoyant force on the loop. This buoyant force reduces the effective weight of the loop, causing the spring to stretch. When the loop is raised to the surface, the buoyant force decreases, but it still exists, so the spring continues to stretch when any further attempt is made to raise it.

When the water in the barrel is poured overboard, the water level in the swimming pool will remain unchanged. This is because the weight of the water in the barrel is equal to the weight of the water it displaces in the pool. When the water is poured out, the weight of the barrel decreases, but the weight of the water it displaces also decreases by the same amount. Therefore, the overall weight in the pool remains the same, resulting in no change in the water level.

A submerged submarine has a density that is about the same as water because it is designed to be neutrally buoyant. This means that the submarine is able to float and sink in water without any significant changes in its density. If the density of the submarine was higher than water, it would sink, and if it was lower, it would float to the surface. Therefore, the density of a submerged submarine is about the same as water.

The water pressure is greatest against the bottom of a submerged object because the weight of the water above it creates a force that pushes down on the object. As the depth increases, the pressure also increases due to the increasing weight of the water column. Therefore, the bottom surface of the submerged object experiences the highest pressure compared to the other surfaces.

The correct answer is that upward pressure against the bottom is greater than downward pressure against the top of the submerged object. This is because when an object is submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts pressure on the object from all directions. The pressure at the bottom of the object is greater than the pressure at the top due to the weight of the fluid above it. This imbalance in pressure creates a net upward force, known as the buoyant force, which acts against the force of gravity and causes the object to float.

The correct answer is "is the volume of 20 tons of water." When a boat floats, it displaces an amount of water equal to its own weight. Since the boat weighs 20 tons, it displaces 20 tons of water, which is equivalent to a volume of 20 cubic meters.

The buoyant force experienced by an object immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Since the two life preservers have identical volumes, they will displace the same amount of water. However, the weight of the sand-filled life preserver is greater than the weight of the Styrofoam-filled life preserver. Therefore, the buoyant force acting on the sand-filled life preserver will be greater, causing it to sink while the Styrofoam-filled life preserver floats.

When the lobster is submerged in water, it experiences an upward buoyant force that counteracts its weight. This is because the density of the lobster is greater than the density of water. As a result, the lobster will feel lighter or have a lesser apparent weight under water compared to its weight above the surface.

A hydraulic press multiplies a force by 100, meaning that the output force is 100 times greater than the input force. This multiplication is achieved by reducing the distance through which the force acts. As the force is applied over a smaller distance, the output force is increased. This reduction in distance allows for the multiplication of force, but it also means that the energy is divided by 100, as the force is applied over a shorter distance. Therefore, the correct answer is that the multiplication of force in a hydraulic press is done at the expense of the distance through which the force acts.

The buoyant force experienced by an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Since both the lead and aluminum blocks have the same volume, they displace the same amount of fluid. However, the weight of the aluminum block is less than the weight of the lead block. Therefore, the buoyant force on the aluminum block is greater, as it is more buoyant compared to the lead block.

When a completely submerged object is placed in a fluid, it displaces a volume of fluid equal to its own volume. This is known as Archimedes' principle. The weight of the fluid or the density of the fluid are not directly related to the displacement of the object. Therefore, the correct answer is "volume of fluid."

When a ship is loaded with Styrofoam, it increases the overall weight of the ship. As a result, the ship will displace less water, causing it to sink lower in the water. This is because the buoyant force acting on the ship is now less than the weight of the ship, leading to a lower position in the water.

When the ice cube melts, the water level will fall. This is because the ice cube displaces a certain volume of water equal to its own volume. As the ice cube melts, it turns into liquid water, which takes up less space than the solid ice. Therefore, the water level will decrease as the ice cube melts and the water is no longer being displaced by the solid ice.

A fish normally displaces both its own volume of water and its weight of water. When a fish is submerged in water, it pushes aside the water around it, causing the water to be displaced. The amount of water displaced is equal to the volume of the fish's body, which is its own volume of water. Additionally, the fish's weight is supported by the water, so it also displaces its weight of water. Therefore, both of these statements are true.

When the rock is submerged in water, it experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the water it displaces. This buoyant force reduces the reading on the scale. The difference in readings on the scale (5 N - 3 N = 2 N) is equal to the buoyant force acting on the rock. According to Archimedes' principle, the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the water displaced, which is also equal to the weight of the rock. Therefore, the weight of the rock is 2 N. Since density is defined as mass divided by volume, and weight is equal to mass times gravity, we can conclude that the density of the rock is 2.5 times the density of water.

The pressure at the bottom of a jug filled with water does not depend on the surface area of the water. The pressure at a certain depth in a fluid is determined by the weight of the fluid above it. The weight of the fluid depends on the density of the fluid and the height of the fluid column. The acceleration due to gravity affects the weight of the fluid, but it does not directly affect the pressure at a certain depth. Therefore, the surface area of the water does not affect the pressure at the bottom of the jug.

When an object is submerged in a fluid, it experiences an upward force called the buoyant force. This force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. In this case, the block of wood weighs 5 N in air, but when fully submerged in mercury, it displaces a volume of mercury that weighs much more than 5 N. Therefore, the buoyant force exerted on the block of wood is much more than 5 N, making it difficult to fully submerge the block of wood in the pool of mercury.

In a hydraulic-press operation, the principle of conservation of energy applies. This means that the energy input into the system should be equal to the energy output. Since energy cannot be created or destroyed, it is impossible for the energy output to exceed the energy input. Therefore, the correct answer is that the energy output cannot exceed the energy input in a hydraulic-press operation.

When an ice cube floats in water, it displaces its own weight in water due to Archimedes' principle. The ice cube contains air bubbles that contribute to its buoyancy. As the ice cube melts, it turns into liquid water, which has the same density as the surrounding water. Since the melted water has the same density as the water it is in, there is no additional volume added to the glass. Therefore, the water level will remain unchanged.

The buoyant force is the force exerted by a fluid on an object immersed in it. It is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. In this case, the block of Styrofoam floats on water because it is less dense than water and displaces a larger volume of water, resulting in a greater buoyant force. On the other hand, the block of lead is denser than water and displaces a smaller volume of water, leading to a smaller buoyant force. Therefore, the buoyant force is greatest on the lead block.

When the heavy glass ball is placed in the pie pan, it displaces a certain volume of water and causes the water level to rise. However, when the glass ball is removed and allowed to sink in the bucket, it displaces an even larger volume of water. This causes the water level to decrease, resulting in a lower water line at the side of the bucket.

When the part of an iceberg that extends above the water is suddenly removed, the buoyant force on the iceberg would decrease. This is because the buoyant force is the upward force exerted on an object immersed in a fluid, and it is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. The part of the iceberg above the water contributes to the buoyant force, so removing it would decrease the overall buoyant force acting on the iceberg. As a result, the iceberg would sink further into the water.

When a battleship sinks in a canal lock, it displaces a certain volume of water, causing the water level in the lock to decrease. This is because the volume of the battleship is now filled with water, which reduces the overall volume of the lock. Consequently, the water level falls as a result of the sinking battleship.

When the block of wood with the piece of iron tied to the top of it floats in the bucket of water, the weight of the wood and iron is equal to the weight of the water displaced by the block. When the wood and iron are turned over so that the iron is submerged beneath the wood, the weight of the wood and iron remains the same. Therefore, the weight of the water displaced by the block also remains the same. As a result, the water level at the side of the bucket remains the same.

A hydraulic lift operates based on Pascal's principle, which states that pressure is transmitted equally in all directions in a fluid. The force exerted by the larger diameter piston will be spread over a larger area, resulting in lower pressure. Conversely, the force exerted by the smaller diameter piston will be concentrated over a smaller area, resulting in higher pressure. Therefore, to multiply the input force, the smaller diameter piston should be used.

In a hydraulic press, the output force is generated by the pressure exerted on the larger surface area of the output piston. The input force is applied to the smaller surface area of the input piston. The ratio of the output force to the input force is equal to the ratio of the areas of the output and input pistons. Therefore, the correct answer is "areas."

The correct answer is all of these. Surface tension is the property of water that allows it to form droplets and hold them together. This property is responsible for capillary action, which is the ability of water to move against gravity in narrow spaces. It also affects the behavior of wet sand, making it firmer than dry sand. Additionally, surface tension can affect the taste of hot oily soup compared to cold oily soup. Therefore, all of the given options are consequences of the surface tension of water.

The buoyant force experienced by an object submerged in a fluid depends on the density of the object and the density of the fluid. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Since the density of lead is greater than the density of aluminum, the 1-kg block of lead will displace less fluid than the 1-kg block of aluminum. Therefore, the buoyant force on the block of aluminum will be greater than the buoyant force on the block of lead.

When the block of wood is floating with half its volume above water, it means that the weight of the wood is equal to the weight of the water it displaces. When the piece of iron is tied on top, it increases the weight of the wood, causing more water to be displaced. This means that the wood will sink further into the water, resulting in less than 1/4 of its volume being above the surface. When the wood and iron are turned over, the iron is heavier than the wood, causing the wood to float higher in the water. This means that more than 1/4 of the wood's volume will be above the water surface.