How Well You Know About Fluid Mechanics? Trivia Quiz

Pressure acts normal to a surface means that the force exerted by the fluid is perpendicular to the surface it is acting on. This is because pressure is defined as the force per unit area, and the force is distributed equally in all directions. Therefore, the correct statement is that pressure acts normal to a surface.

The correct answer is "Work done per unit time". Power is a measure of how quickly work is done or energy is transferred. It is calculated by dividing the work done by the time taken. Therefore, power is defined as the rate at which work is done or the rate at which energy is transferred.

As the density of the fluid decreases to half its initial value, the mass flow rate remains constant since the fluid is flowing steadily. The mass flow rate is given by the product of density, cross-sectional area, and velocity. Since the mass flow rate is constant and the density decreases by half, the velocity must double to maintain the same mass flow rate. Therefore, V2 equals 2 V1.

The correct order is Surface tension, Capillary rise, Viscous effect, Buoyancy, Impact of jet, Submerged body. Surface tension is the force that causes the surface of a liquid to behave like a stretched elastic sheet. Capillary rise is the phenomenon where a liquid rises in a narrow tube against the force of gravity. Viscous effect refers to the resistance of a fluid to flow. Buoyancy is the upward force exerted on an object submerged in a fluid. Impact of jet is the force exerted by a fluid jet on a surface it strikes. Submerged body refers to an object partially or fully immersed in a fluid. This order represents the progression of these physical phenomena.

When water flows through a pipe and enters a section where the cross-sectional area is smaller, the principle of continuity states that the product of the cross-sectional area and the velocity of the fluid remains constant. In this case, the cross-sectional area decreases, which means that the velocity of the water must increase to maintain the constant product. As a result, the average velocity V2 in the smaller section is greater than the average velocity V1 in the larger section. According to Bernoulli's equation, when the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure decreases. Therefore, the pressure P2 in the smaller section is less than the pressure P1 in the larger section.

The pressure drop in a pipe is directly proportional to the flow rate. Since the flow rate through the second pipe is twice that through the first pipe, the pressure drop in the second pipe will be higher. Therefore, the correct statement is that Pipe 2 has the higher pressure drop.

The correct answer is Profile A because in laminar flow between two plates, the velocity profile is typically parabolic. This means that the velocity is highest at the center of the water layer and decreases towards the plates. Profile A represents this parabolic velocity distribution, with the highest velocity in the middle and lower velocities closer to the plates. Profile B, C, and D do not accurately represent the expected velocity profile in laminar flow between two plates.

The normal stress on an object is given by the formula stress = force/area. In this case, the force is the weight of the person, and the area is the area of their feet. For the slim person, the weight is 70 kg, so the force is 70 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 = 686 N. Dividing this by the area of 0.03 sq.m gives a stress of approximately 22.87 kPa, which can be rounded to 23 kPa. For the chubby person, the weight is 140 kg, so the force is 140 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 = 1372 N. Dividing this by the same area gives a stress of approximately 45.73 kPa, which can be rounded to 46 kPa.

The coefficient of discharge is a dimensionless quantity that represents the ratio between the actual discharge and the theoretical discharge. It is used to describe the efficiency of a fluid flow system, such as a pipe or a nozzle. A coefficient of discharge greater than 1 indicates that the actual discharge is higher than the theoretical discharge, while a coefficient less than 1 indicates that the actual discharge is lower. The correct answer is "Ratio between Actual and Theoretical discharges."

The manometer measures the difference in pressure between the fluid in the tank and the atmospheric pressure. The height of the fluid column in the manometer is 55 cm. The specific gravity of the fluid is 0.85, which means it is lighter than water. This indicates that the pressure in the tank is greater than the atmospheric pressure. By using the formula P = ρgh, where P is the pressure, ρ is the density of the fluid, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height of the fluid column, we can calculate the pressure in the tank. Plugging in the values, we get P = (0.85)(1000 kg/m^3)(9.81 m/s^2)(0.55 m) = 100.60 kPa. Therefore, the correct answer is 100.60 kPa.

The correct statement about the forces is that F1 equals 2 F2. This means that the force exerted by the water layer on the stationary surface in the second figure is twice as much as the force exerted in the first figure. This can be attributed to the fact that the water layer in the second figure is twice as deep, resulting in a greater force being exerted on the surface.

When water flows through a pipe and enters a section where the cross-sectional area is larger, according to the given information that viscosity, friction, and gravitational effects are negligible, the Bernoulli's principle can be applied. According to Bernoulli's principle, as the cross-sectional area increases, the velocity of the fluid decreases and the pressure increases. Therefore, P2 is greater than P1 and V2 is less than V1.

The value of the coefficient of discharge (Cd) for a venturi meter is typically between 0.95 and 0.98. This coefficient represents the ratio of the actual flow rate to the theoretical flow rate through the venturi meter. A higher Cd value indicates a more accurate measurement. Therefore, a Cd value between 0.95 and 0.98 suggests that the venturi meter is able to provide relatively precise and reliable flow rate measurements.

The horizontal forces exerted by the fluid jets are equal to each other, with F1 being half of F2. This means that the force exerted by the first jet is half of the force exerted by the second jet.

When water flows vertically up through a pipe and enters a section where the cross-sectional area is smaller, the pressure decreases and the velocity increases. This is because as the cross-sectional area decreases, the same amount of water must flow through a smaller space, leading to an increase in velocity. Additionally, according to Bernoulli's principle, as the velocity increases, the pressure decreases. Therefore, P2 is less than P1 and V2 is greater than V1.

The Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity that determines the flow regime of a fluid. It is calculated by multiplying the average speed of the flow, the diameter of the pipe, and the kinematic viscosity of the fluid, and then dividing by the dynamic viscosity. In this question, the Reynolds number is given as 2300, which indicates the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. To find the maximum speed at which the flow will be laminar, we need to increase the Reynolds number. By increasing the Reynolds number, the flow will transition to turbulent. Therefore, the correct answer is 8.26*10^5; 0.056 ft/s, as it has the highest Reynolds number and the lowest speed.

The pressure difference between two points in a fluid can be calculated using the equation: ΔP = ρgh, where ΔP is the pressure difference, ρ is the density of the fluid, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height difference between the two points. In this case, since the U-tube is inverted, the height difference between the two points is negative. Therefore, the pressure difference between point 1 and 2 is negative, indicating that the pressure at point 1 is higher than the pressure at point 2. The correct answer, -932N/sq.m, represents the negative pressure difference between the two points.

The correct answer is the arrangement of the substances from the most rigid to the least rigid. A solid is the most rigid substance, followed by a plastic fluid which has some rigidity but can still flow, then a non-Newtonian fluid which has variable viscosity depending on the applied stress, followed by a Newtonian fluid which has constant viscosity, and finally an ideal fluid which has no viscosity and can flow easily.

The correct statement about shear stress in a flow field is that it is proportional to the velocity gradient normal to the flow. This means that the shear stress is directly related to the rate at which the velocity changes perpendicular to the direction of flow. As the velocity gradient increases, so does the shear stress. This relationship is important in understanding the behavior of fluids in motion and is used in various engineering applications.

The given answer states that the head loss across a Flow nozzle is intermediate. This means that the amount of energy loss due to friction and turbulence in a Flow nozzle is moderate compared to a venturi meter and an orifice meter. In other words, the Flow nozzle causes a moderate decrease in pressure as the fluid flows through it. This explanation provides a clear understanding of the head loss characteristics of a Flow nozzle in comparison to other types of flow meters.