Chapter 12 Burton

Teachers are guided by the proven effectiveness of a technique when designing a program to change a student's behavior. This means that they prioritize using strategies and methods that have been shown to be successful in bringing about the desired behavioral changes in students. This approach ensures that the chosen techniques have a higher likelihood of being effective and achieving the desired outcomes. By relying on evidence-based practices, teachers can make informed decisions and increase the chances of success in behavior change programs.

The goal of behavior analysts is to increase the number of options available to people. This means that behavior analysts aim to expand the choices and possibilities for individuals, rather than limiting or reducing them. By increasing the options available, behavior analysts can help individuals have more opportunities for personal growth, development, and success.

The relationship between behavior and the environment is reciprocal, meaning that they both influence and affect each other. Behavior is influenced by the environment, as individuals respond and adapt to the stimuli and conditions around them. At the same time, behavior can also shape and modify the environment, as individuals' actions can create changes in their surroundings. This reciprocal relationship highlights the dynamic and interactive nature of the interaction between behavior and the environment.

Behavior modification refers only to procedures derived from experimental analysis of human behavior. This term specifically focuses on changing or modifying behavior through various techniques and interventions. It involves the application of principles of learning and conditioning to bring about desired behavioral changes. Cognitive modification, on the other hand, involves changing cognitive processes and beliefs. Systematic analysis refers to the process of studying and analyzing behavior in a systematic and scientific manner. Therefore, the correct answer is behavior modification, as it specifically pertains to procedures derived from experimental analysis of human behavior.

A deterministic position holds that human behavior is lawful and its causes can be identified in environmental events. This means that human actions are not random or based on free will, but rather determined by external factors such as the environment, upbringing, and social influences. This perspective suggests that human behavior can be predicted and explained by studying these external factors and their impact on individuals.

Contingency contracting is a procedure commonly used by applied behavior analysts. It involves the creation of a written agreement between the analyst and the individual receiving treatment, outlining specific behaviors and consequences. This contract helps establish clear expectations and provides reinforcement for desired behaviors. Unlike shock therapy, gestalt therapy, and drug therapy, contingency contracting focuses on behavior modification through positive reinforcement rather than physical or pharmacological interventions.

Mr. Martin is ignoring the ethical rule of the right to services whose overriding goal is personal welfare. By writing Frankie's IEP goals, objectives, and behavior management plan before the IEP meeting, Mr. Martin is not considering the input and collaboration of other team members, including Frankie and his family. This goes against the principle of ensuring that the services provided prioritize the individual's personal welfare and are based on a comprehensive assessment and collaborative decision-making process.

The correct answer states that "their use is always appropriate when administered by professionals." This means that aversive or exclusionary procedures are considered appropriate when used by professionals. The other options listed in the question are incorrect because they either mention common misuse of these procedures or the fact that their use causes more concern than other behavioral procedures.

Ms. Phillips has broken the ethical rule of providing a therapeutic environment. By publicly pointing out Olivia's learning disability and her progress in math, Ms. Phillips has violated Olivia's right to privacy and confidentiality. Creating a therapeutic environment involves maintaining the privacy and dignity of individuals and ensuring that their personal information is not disclosed without their consent.

Jay's teacher has ignored the ethical rule of "the right to services whose overriding goal is personal welfare." By restricting Jay's use of his augmentative communication device during instructional time, the teacher is not prioritizing Jay's personal welfare and his ability to effectively communicate. This restriction may hinder Jay's learning and social interactions, ultimately affecting his overall well-being and development. The teacher should consider alternative strategies to address the concerns of distraction while still ensuring Jay's right to effective communication and personal welfare.