Learning Theory: Psychology Exam! Quiz
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In __________ reinforcement, the reinforcer follows every correct response.
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Intermittent
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Partial
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Negative
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Continuous
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Have you ever heard of the learning theory? The learning theory describes how students receive, process, and retain knowledge during learning. Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences shape a person’s worldview. Behaviorists see learning as an effect of conditioning and an advocate system throughout their education. Obtaining knowledge should be a unique and productive experience for everyone. If you are studying See morepsychology, this quiz is perfect for you.
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- 2.
In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, salivation was the
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Conditioned response.
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Unconditioned stimulus.
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Conditioned stimulus
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Unconditioned response.
Correct Answer
A. Unconditioned response.Explanation
Technically the salivating started out as the unconditioned response to the food. It later becomes the conditioned response to the bell/tone. Remember that C.C is based on naturally occurring reflexes.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The presentation of an aversive stimulus or the removal of a positive stimulus are both examples of?
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negative reinforcement.
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Punishment.
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positive reinforcement.
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Secondary reinforcement
Correct Answer
A. Punishment.Explanation
Both of these would weaken a behavior therefore they are types of punishment. Remember to always ask yourself when dealing with Op. Cond., 1) Was the behavior strengthened or weakened? 2) Was something added or taken away.Rate this question:
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- 4.
If you have a snake phobia because you once heard a loud noise while looking at a snake, for you a snake is a(n)
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US.
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CS.
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UR.
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CR.
Correct Answer
A. CS.Explanation
The snake should not naturally elicit fear therefore it starts as the neutral stimuli and then becomes the Conditioned Stimulus.Rate this question:
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- 5.
If the conditioned stimulus is presented many times without reinforcement, we can expect:
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an increase in stimulus generalization.
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The strength of the UR to increase.
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An increase in response generalization.
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Extinction to occur.
Correct Answer
A. Extinction to occur.Explanation
This is the definition of extinction.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A child has learned to avoid a furry, black cat. However, she still plays with her grandmother's short-haired tabby. Her response demonstrates:
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negative transfer.
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Extinction.
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Discrimination.
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Successive approximation.
Correct Answer
A. Discrimination.Explanation
This is the concept of discrimination. She only associated the furry black cat as having the negative pairing and therefore still plays with her grandma's cat. Now if she avoided them both, she would be demonstrating generalization.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The greatest degree of resistance to extinction is typically caused by a __________ schedule of reinforcement.
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Variable interval
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Variable ratio
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fixed interval
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Fixed ratio
Correct Answer
A. Variable intervalExplanation
The reason for this is because you are dealing with time and it is variable, therefore regardless of response and a set time, the subject doesn't know when they will be rewarded. The next strongest would be variable ratio, then the fixed interval, followed by a fixed ratio, then continuous reinforcement.Rate this question:
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- 8.
In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, the conditioned stimulus was the:
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food.
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Bell.
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Salivation to the food
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Salivation to the bell.
Correct Answer
A. Bell.Explanation
The bell. Remember that the conditioned stimulus starts out as the neutral stimulus and should not elicit the response but only through its paring with the UCS does it begin to elicit the CR.Rate this question:
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- 9.
In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, the bell (prior to conditioning) was the
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Neutral stimulus.
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Unconditioned stimulus.
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Conditioned stimulus.
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Unconditioned response.
Correct Answer
A. Neutral stimulus.Explanation
See aboveRate this question:
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- 10.
Jimmy helps his father put away the dishes after dinner. Jimmy's father wants to increase the probability of this behavior and will be most successful by praising Jimmy.
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after all the dishes are put away.
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At bedtime.
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The next morning at breakfast.
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The next time they are putting away dishes.
Correct Answer
A. after all the dishes are put away.Explanation
This is a schedule of reinforcement and to achieve the behavior quickly, Jimmy's dad should do this every time Jimmy puts away the dishes.Rate this question:
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- 11.
After a response has been extinguished, it will often reappear after a short time has passed. This is called
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adaptiveness.
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expectation checking.
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Extinction recovery.
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Spontaneous recovery.
Correct Answer
A. Spontaneous recovery.Explanation
This C.C pricnciple is defined as Spontaneous Recovery.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The first-grade teacher gives students stickers when they perform well. If they earn five stickers in one day they are exempt from homework. The stickers in this example could also be called
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tokens.
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primary reinforcers.
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Generalized reinforcers.
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Prepotent responses
Correct Answer
A. tokens.Explanation
This is the concept of a token economy. Token economies should always be associated with op. cond.Rate this question:
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- 13.
A student does a good job on math problems for homework, and the teacher awards a sticker. Does this demonstrate the use of?
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extinction.
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Reinforcement.
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Spontaneous recovery.
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Antecedents.
Correct Answer
A. Reinforcement.Explanation
The sticker acts as a reinforcer. This behavior is not based on reflexes but rather higher-order behavior and therefore strengthens the behavior.Rate this question:
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- 14.
A dog that gets rewarded for the first bark it makes in each ten minute period is being reinforced on a __________ schedule of reinforcement.
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Continuous
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Fixed interval
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Variable interval
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Fixed ratio
Correct Answer
A. Fixed intervalExplanation
No matter how many times the dog barks, he will still not be rewarded until 10 minutes has gone by and it is always ten minutes therefore we are dealing with a fixed amount of time so this is a fixed interval schedule.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Operant conditioning was studied by:
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Pavlov.
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Maslow.
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Freud.
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Skinner.
Correct Answer
A. Skinner.Explanation
Pavlov and Watson are Classical Cond. Maslow is a Humanist, Freud is a psychoanalysist, Bandura studied Observable Learning. Skinner is your key Op. Cond. guyRate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following might serve as a secondary reinforcer?
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sex
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Grades
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Food
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A pain-relieving drug
Correct Answer
A. GradesExplanation
Remember that secondary reinforcers are NOT essentail for survival and often times will help aid in getting primary inforcers.Rate this question:
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- 17.
In a classic experiment, "Little Albert," a very young boy, was conditioned to be afraid of a rat. He also became fearful of white furry rabbits and bearded men. This is an example of
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Spontaneous recovery.
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Higher order conditioning.
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Extinction.
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Stimulus generalization
Correct Answer
A. Stimulus generalizationExplanation
This is the concept of generalizationRate this question:
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- 18.
Negative reinforcement __________ responding; punishment __________ responding.
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Increases; increases
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Decreases; decreases
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increases; decreases
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Decreases; increases
Correct Answer
A. increases; decreasesExplanation
This follows my op.cond 2 questions rules.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Two schedules of reinforcement that produce the highest rates of response are
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Continuous and fixed interval.
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Fixed interval and variable interval.
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Variable interval and variable ratio.
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Fixed ratio and variable ratio.
Correct Answer
A. Variable interval and variable ratio.Explanation
We discussed this aboveRate this question:
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- 20.
__________ occurs when making a response removes an unpleasant event.
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Positive reinforcement
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Negative reinforcement
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Extinction
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Punishment
Correct Answer
A. Negative reinforcementExplanation
This is the concept of Neg. Reinforcement. Remember that the concepts of Escape and Avoidance learning fall under this principle.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Apr 26, 2010Quiz Created by
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