Ch. 18 Permanent Hair Waving

If hair breaks under very slight strain, it indicates that it has little or no elasticity. Elasticity refers to the ability of a material to stretch and return to its original shape. When hair lacks elasticity, it means that it is more prone to breakage and does not have the flexibility to withstand even minimal pressure or tension. Therefore, the correct answer is "Little or no elasticity."

Coarse hair requires more processing than medium or fine hair due to its thicker and larger diameter. The additional processing is needed to break down the strong protein bonds in the hair, making it more manageable and easier to style. Coarse hair may also be more resistant to processing, meaning it may require more time and effort to achieve desired results such as straightening or curling.

Porosity refers to the hair's ability to absorb moisture and chemicals. In the context of the question, the degree to which hair absorbs the waving lotion is directly related to its porosity. Hair with high porosity will absorb the waving lotion more easily and quickly, while hair with low porosity will have a harder time absorbing the lotion. Texture and length do not directly affect the hair's ability to absorb the waving lotion, making porosity the correct answer.

Hair texture refers to the thickness or diameter of a single strand of hair. It is classified as fine, medium, or coarse based on the diameter of the hair strand. This classification is important as it helps determine the appropriate hair care products and styling techniques for different hair types. Fine hair has a smaller diameter and is more prone to breakage, while coarse hair has a larger diameter and tends to be stronger and more resistant to damage. Understanding the diameter of hair strands can also help in determining the overall volume and appearance of the hair.

End wraps are absorbent papers used to control ends of the hair when wrapping and winding hair on the perm. They help to keep the ends of the hair in place and prevent them from unraveling or becoming loose during the perming process. By providing a barrier between the hair and the perm rod, end wraps ensure that the ends of the hair receive the desired amount of curl and are properly shaped. This helps to create a more uniform and controlled result, enhancing the overall appearance of the perm.

The correct answer is 5 because rinsing the perm solution from the hair for at least 5 minutes before applying the neutralizer helps to remove any residual chemicals and prevent any potential damage to the hair. This step is crucial in the perm process to ensure that the hair is properly neutralized and set in its new shape.

In permanent waving, the processing takes place as soon as the solution penetrates the hair. The correct answer is 5 to 10 minutes, which means that most of the processing occurs within this time frame. This is the period in which the hair is being reshaped and restructured by the chemicals in the solution. After this time, the solution is usually rinsed out and the hair is neutralized to stop the chemical reaction.

When performing a preliminary test curl, it is important to wrap one tool in each different area of the head including the top, the side, and the nape. The nape refers to the back of the neck, where the hairline meets the neck. By wrapping a tool in this area, the stylist can assess how the hair curls and holds its shape in this specific area, which can be different from the other areas of the head.

Processing time refers to the length of time required for the hair strands to absorb the waving lotion and for the hair to re-curl. This is the time during which the chemical reaction takes place and the hair undergoes the desired change in texture. Rinsing time refers to the time taken to rinse off the waving lotion from the hair after the processing time. Development time is not the correct term for this concept.

The double tool technique is the most suitable method for wrapping a permanent wave on very long hair. This technique involves using two perm rods or tools to wrap the hair, ensuring that the hair is evenly distributed and properly processed. By using two tools, it allows for better control and support for the long hair, preventing any uneven or loose curls. This technique is specifically designed for longer hair lengths, making it the correct answer in this context.

Open ended questions allow you to find out why the client wants the texture service and what results are expected. These types of questions encourage the client to provide detailed and meaningful responses, providing valuable information for understanding their needs and expectations. By asking open ended questions, you can gather more information and gain a better understanding of the client's requirements, which can help in providing a more tailored and satisfactory texture service.

Peptide bonds are the chemical bonds that join amino acids together to form polypeptide chains. Peptide bonds are formed through a condensation reaction between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid, resulting in the formation of a peptide bond and the release of a water molecule. These peptide bonds are essential for the structure and function of proteins.

Rods with a concave shape have a small diameter in the center area and gradually increase in size towards the ends. This shape allows for a tighter curl at the hair ends, while creating a looser curl closer to the scalp.

When hair has assumed the desired shape, the broken disulfide bonds must be chemically rebonded. This means that a chemical process is necessary to reform the broken bonds in the hair, allowing it to maintain its desired shape. This could involve the use of chemical treatments or products that can react with the hair to reform the disulfide bonds and provide long-lasting results.

The given correct answer is "texture". This is because the question mentions that many male clients are looking for added fullness, style, and low maintenance, which are all attributes that can be achieved through texture. Adding texture to the hair can create volume, add movement and style, and make the hair easier to manage and maintain.

Waving lotion is a chemical product used in hair treatments, specifically in the process of perming or creating waves in the hair. The lotion contains chemicals that break down the protein structure of the hair, allowing it to be reshaped. This reshaping process involves expanding the hair by altering its internal structure. Therefore, the correct answer is "Expand the hair."

Disulfide bonds are formed when the sulfur atoms in two adjacent polypeptide chains are joined together. These bonds play a crucial role in stabilizing the three-dimensional structure of proteins, as they can form strong covalent bonds. Disulfide bonds are important for maintaining the structural integrity of proteins and are often found in extracellular proteins, such as antibodies and enzymes.

Relatively weak physical side bonds that are the result of an attraction between opposite charges are called hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds occur when a hydrogen atom is attracted to an electronegative atom such as nitrogen or oxygen. These bonds are important in many biological and chemical processes, including the structure of DNA and the folding of proteins.

Polypeptide chains are long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid. This bond is formed through a dehydration reaction, where a water molecule is removed. Peptide bonds are crucial for the formation of proteins, as they link individual amino acids together in a specific sequence to create a functional protein structure.

Perm wraps begin by sectioning the hair into panels, which are further divided into subsections called base sections. Base sections are the smaller sections within each panel where the hair is wrapped around the perm rod. This helps to ensure even distribution of the perm solution and creates consistent curls or waves throughout the hair. Base control refers to the technique used to control the tension and direction of the hair while wrapping it around the rod, and panel refers to the larger section of hair that is divided into base sections.

A book-end wrap is a term used to describe the technique of folding one end paper in half over the hair ends, resembling an envelope. This technique is commonly used in hairstyling to secure the hair in place and create a polished look. The term "book-end" refers to the folding action, which resembles the way bookends hold books in place.

The correct answer is spiral. The given statement describes a wrapping technique used for hair styling, where the hair is wrapped around a tool at an angle that creates a spiral effect. This technique is similar to how the grip on a tennis racket is spiraled along its length. The term "spiral" accurately describes this wrapping method.

Ammonium Thiglycolate is the main active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline perm. It is responsible for breaking the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped. Hydrogen Peroxide is commonly used in hair coloring, not in perms. Sodium Hydroxide is a strong alkali used in relaxers, not in perms.

Half-off base placement refers to the technique of wrapping the strand of hair at a 45-degree angle instead of the usual 90-degree angle. This technique creates a more natural and softer result, as the hair is wrapped halfway between the base and the ends. It provides a blend of lift and movement, making it a popular choice for creating volume and body in hairstyles.

Under processing occurs when there is not enough processing time given to the waving lotion. This means that the waving lotion is not left on the hair for a sufficient amount of time to properly process and achieve the desired result.

If the hair is not rinsed properly, the hydrogen peroxide in the neutralizer can react with the waving lotion and cause the hair color to lighten. This means that if the hair is not completely rinsed, there may still be traces of waving lotion left on the hair, which can react with the hydrogen peroxide in the neutralizer. This reaction can lead to the hair color becoming lighter than desired. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the hair is rinsed properly to avoid this issue.

Fine texture hair is more fragile, easier to process, and more susceptible to damage from perm services. This is because fine hair strands are thinner in diameter, making them weaker and more prone to breakage. Additionally, the fine texture allows chemicals from perm services to penetrate more easily, causing more damage to the hair.

The given correct answer is "Curvature perm". This answer is likely correct because the statement mentions that the wrap creates a movement that curves within sectioned-out panels. A perm is a chemical treatment that adds curl or wave to the hair, and a curvature perm specifically creates a more curved or wavy pattern. Therefore, a curvature perm would be the most appropriate choice based on the given information.

In neutralization, the bonds in the hair are re-formed immediately. This means that as soon as the neutralization process begins, the bonds in the hair start to reform. This is important because it allows the hair to regain its strength and structure, ensuring that it remains healthy and resistant to damage. The immediate reformation of bonds also helps to lock in the desired style or shape, ensuring that the hair retains its desired look.

Metallic salts in hair products can react with the hair, causing an uneven curl pattern. This means that some parts of the hair may be more curled or wavy than others, resulting in an inconsistent and uneven appearance. The coating left by metallic salts can disrupt the natural structure of the hair, leading to these uneven curls.

Partial perming refers to the process of perming only a specific section of the entire head of hair, rather than perming the entire head. This technique allows for more targeted and customized results, as it can be used to add volume, texture, or curls to specific areas of the hair. It is a popular choice for individuals who want to achieve a specific look or style without committing to a full perm.

Glycerol Monothioglycolate is the main active ingredient in acid-balanced waving lotion. It is responsible for the permanent waving process by breaking down the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped. This ingredient is preferred in acid-balanced waving lotions as it is less damaging to the hair compared to other chemicals like ammonium thioglycolate. Hydrogen peroxide is not the main active ingredient in acid-balanced waving lotion, as its role is usually to activate the Glycerol Monothioglycolate.

Disulfide bonds are the bonds that hold the protein structure of the hair together. When hair is permed, these disulfide bonds are broken and reformed in a different pattern to create a new curl pattern. If too many disulfide bonds are broken in the perming process, the hair will become weak and unable to hold a firm curl. Therefore, the correct answer is Disulfide.

A single-flat wrap is the correct answer because when you place one end wrap on top of the hair strand and hold it flat, you are using only one wrap and keeping it flat against the hair. The term "single" refers to the use of one wrap, while "flat" describes how it is held against the hair strand.

A preliminary test curl can be used to determine the actual processing time needed to achieve optimum curl results when giving a perm for the first time on a client. This test involves selecting a small section of hair and applying the perm solution, then monitoring the hair's reaction to determine the processing time required for the desired curl. This helps ensure that the client's hair is not over-processed or under-processed, resulting in the best possible curl outcome.

Neutralization rebuilds the disulfide bonds. Disulfide bonds are covalent bonds that form between two cysteine amino acids in a polypeptide chain. These bonds play a crucial role in stabilizing the tertiary structure of proteins. When a waving solution is applied to the hair, it breaks the disulfide bonds, causing the hair to change shape. Neutralization helps to reform these bonds, allowing the hair to regain its original structure.

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The basic perm wrap is also called a strait set wrap.

The weave technique is a hair styling method that involves using zigzag partings to divide base areas. This technique is commonly used in hair weaving and extensions to create a natural-looking and seamless blend with the natural hair. It allows for a more versatile and customizable hairstyle, as the zigzag partings help to conceal the tracks or extensions and create a more natural appearance.

The bricklay perm is the correct answer because it is specifically designed to prevent noticeable splits and blend the flow of the hair. This type of perm creates a pattern that resembles the way bricks are laid out, which helps to create a more natural and seamless look. The other options, basic perm and spiral perm, do not have the same effect and may not provide the desired result of preventing noticeable splits and blending the flow of the hair.

Waving lotion is the correct answer because it is a chemical product used in the process of perming or waving hair. Waving lotion contains chemicals that break the disulfide bonds in the hair, which are responsible for the hair's natural shape and texture. By breaking these bonds, the waving lotion softens the hair and allows it to be reshaped into curls or waves. Ammonia is not the correct answer as it is commonly used in hair dyes and not specifically in waving lotions. Neutralizer is also not the correct answer as it is used after the waving lotion to stabilize the hair and restore its pH balance.

Strait rods are equal in diameter. The term "strait" refers to something that is not curved or bent, but rather straight. Therefore, when referring to rods that are described as "strait," it implies that they have the same diameter throughout their length. This means that the width and length of the rods may vary, but the diameter remains constant.

On base placement is the correct answer because when a strand of hair is wrapped at an angle 45 degrees beyond perpendicular to its base section, it means that the hair is wrapped directly on top of the base. This technique provides maximum lift and volume at the base, resulting in a fuller and more voluminous hairstyle.

The correct answer is Endothermic. Endothermic refers to a chemical reaction or process that absorbs heat from its surroundings. In the context of the question, it suggests that the perm product generates heat chemically within itself when activated, rather than releasing heat to the surroundings (Exothermic) or being related to alkalinity (Alkaline).

An endothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings. In the context of the question, a perm that is activated by an outside heat source, such as a hair dryer, would require the absorption of heat in order to proceed. Therefore, the correct answer is endothermic.

When giving a spiral perm, it is important to make a smooth transition from the rolled section of the head to an unrolled section. Using a large tool for the last tool next to an unrolled section helps to create a more gradual and natural-looking transition. This technique is commonly used in partial perms, where only a portion of the hair is permed, rather than the entire head.

Acid-Balanced waves are considered to process more quickly and produce firmer curls compared to true acid waves. This suggests that Acid-Balanced waves have a higher pH level, which allows for a faster processing time and stronger curl formation. Alkaline waves, on the other hand, have a higher pH level than Acid-Balanced waves and are known for producing stronger, more defined curls. Sodium Hydroxide is a strong alkaline substance commonly used in relaxers, but it is not the correct answer in this case.

An acidic liquid protein conditioner can be applied to the hair and dried under a warm dryer for 5 minutes or more prior to neutralization if hair is damaged. This suggests that the conditioner has a low pH level, which helps to close the hair cuticles and repair any damage. Acidic conditioners are effective in improving the condition of damaged hair by restoring moisture and strengthening the hair strands.

The correct answer is pre-neutralizing shampoo. This is because the question asks for a product that should be applied after blotting and before the application of the neutralizer. A pre-neutralizing shampoo is specifically designed to prepare the hair for the neutralizing process by removing any residue or chemicals left from the previous treatment. It helps to balance the pH level of the hair before the neutralizer is applied, ensuring effective and safe results.

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