Chapter 3 Quiz Cells - Putting IT All Together
If you are trying to understand human anatomy and physiology, it all begins with understanding the cells that make up the human body. In chapter 3, we got to understand the anatomy of the different types of cells within the body. Take up the quiz below on that chapter and get to put all your knowledge together.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which of the following is least characteristic of facilitated diffusion?
- A.
Passive transport
- B.
"helper" molecule
- C.
Solute diffuses down its concentration gradient
- D.
Pumps solute from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
Correct Answer
D. Pumps solute from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentrationExplanation
Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport where a "helper" molecule assists in the movement of solute across a cell membrane. The solute diffuses down its concentration gradient, meaning it moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. However, facilitated diffusion does not involve the pumping of solute from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, which is characteristic of active transport.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What is the process that uses energy to move a solute from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration?
- A.
Diffusion
- B.
Facilitated diffusion
- C.
Osmosis
- D.
Active transport pump
Correct Answer
D. Active transport pumpExplanation
Active transport pump is the correct answer because it is the process that requires energy to move a solute against its concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. Unlike diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis which all move solutes down their concentration gradients, active transport pump actively transports solutes against their concentration gradients using energy in the form of ATP. This process is essential for maintaining concentration gradients across cell membranes and is crucial for various physiological processes in living organisms.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A hot dog bursts when it is boiled in water because the water
- A.
Is hypotonic
- B.
Has too much salt
- C.
Is hypertonic
- D.
Is isotonic
Correct Answer
A. Is hypotonicExplanation
When a hot dog is boiled in water, the water is hypotonic. This means that the concentration of solutes (such as salt) in the water is lower than the concentration inside the hot dog. As a result, water molecules move into the hot dog through osmosis, causing it to swell and eventually burst.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Perfume the skunk does "his thing". Which of the following words best indicates why you quickly become aware of Perfume's presence?
- A.
Diffusion
- B.
Na+/K+ ATP pump
- C.
Active transport
- D.
Osmosis
Correct Answer
A. DiffusionExplanation
Diffusion is the best word to indicate why you quickly become aware of Perfume the skunk's presence. Diffusion is the process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. In the case of Perfume, the strong odor molecules he releases spread out and move through the air, reaching your nose and making you aware of his presence.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Differentiation is
- A.
A type of cell division
- B.
The process that refers to the specialization of cells
- C.
A type of passive transport
- D.
A form of active transport
Correct Answer
B. The process that refers to the specialization of cellsExplanation
Differentiation is the process that refers to the specialization of cells. During differentiation, cells acquire specific structures and functions that allow them to perform specific tasks in the body. This process is essential for the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms, as it allows cells to differentiate into various types, such as muscle cells, nerve cells, or blood cells, each with its own specialized function. Through differentiation, cells become more specialized and diverse, enabling the complex functioning of different tissues and organs in the body.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following best describes the cell membrane?
- A.
Nonselective
- B.
Selectively permeable
- C.
Impermeable
- D.
Exclusively lipid-soluble
Correct Answer
B. Selectively permeableExplanation
The cell membrane is best described as selectively permeable because it allows certain substances to pass through while preventing others from entering or exiting the cell. This selective permeability is due to the presence of proteins and phospholipids in the membrane, which create a barrier that regulates the movement of molecules and ions.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Ribosomes are
- A.
Only found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
- B.
Located within the nucleus
- C.
Concerned with protein synthesis
- D.
The power plants of the cell
Correct Answer
C. Concerned with protein synthesisExplanation
Ribosomes are cellular structures that are responsible for protein synthesis. They can be found both attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and free-floating in the cytoplasm. They are not located within the nucleus, as the nucleus contains the cell's genetic material. While mitochondria are commonly referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell due to their role in energy production, ribosomes are primarily involved in the synthesis of proteins by translating the genetic information from the DNA.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following terms is most related to the mitochondrion?
- A.
Mucus-secreting
- B.
MRNA, tRNA
- C.
Protein synthesis
- D.
Energy-producing
Correct Answer
D. Energy-producingExplanation
The correct answer is "energy-producing." The mitochondrion is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through a process called cellular respiration. It is involved in the breakdown of nutrients and the generation of energy that is essential for the functioning of the cell and various metabolic processes.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following is most related to lysosomes?
- A.
Protein synthesis
- B.
DNA
- C.
Bound and free
- D.
"house cleaning"
Correct Answer
D. "house cleaning"Explanation
Lysosomes are organelles in cells that are responsible for "house cleaning" or the breakdown and recycling of cellular waste materials. They contain enzymes that can break down various molecules, including proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. This process helps to maintain the overall health and function of the cell by removing any accumulated waste or damaged components. Therefore, "house cleaning" is the most related term to lysosomes.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Interphase and mitosis
- A.
Refer to the resting phase of the cell cycle
- B.
Are two phases of the cell cycle
- C.
Do not include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, or telophase
- D.
Are characteristic only of stem cells
Correct Answer
B. Are two phases of the cell cycleExplanation
Interphase and mitosis are two distinct phases of the cell cycle. Interphase is the longest phase where the cell prepares for division by growing and replicating its DNA. Mitosis, on the other hand, is the phase where the cell's nucleus divides into two identical nuclei. These two phases are essential for the cell's growth and reproduction. It is important to note that interphase and mitosis do not include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, or telophase, which are specific stages within mitosis. Additionally, interphase and mitosis are not exclusive to stem cells but occur in all types of cells.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What is the underlying cause of the cellular effects of aging?
- A.
Increased numbers of organelles
- B.
Damage to DNA
- C.
Increased rate of cellular mitosis
- D.
Cellular shrinking
Correct Answer
B. Damage to DNAExplanation
The underlying cause of the cellular effects of aging is damage to DNA. As cells age, their DNA can accumulate various types of damage, such as mutations, breaks, and chemical modifications. This DNA damage can lead to impaired cellular function and can contribute to the development of age-related diseases. Additionally, DNA damage can also trigger cellular responses, such as activation of DNA repair mechanisms and cellular senescence, which further contribute to the aging process.Rate this question:
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- 12.
While performing breast self-examination, J.S. discovered a lump in the right upper quadrant of her left breast. She immediately contacted her physician and a biopsy was scheduled. The pathology report indicated a benign neoplasm composed of well-differentiated cells. Which of the following is most characteristic of a benign neoplasm?
- A.
Metastatic
- B.
Well-differentiated cells
- C.
Malignant
- D.
Crablike
Correct Answer
B. Well-differentiated cellsExplanation
A benign neoplasm is characterized by well-differentiated cells. This means that the cells closely resemble normal cells and have not undergone significant changes in their structure or function. Unlike malignant neoplasms, which are cancerous and can spread to other parts of the body (metastatic), benign neoplasms do not invade nearby tissues or metastasize. The presence of well-differentiated cells in the pathology report suggests that the lump discovered by J.S. is not cancerous and does not pose a significant threat to her health.Rate this question:
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- 13.
While performing breast self-examination, J.S. discovered a lump in the right upper quadrant of her left breast. She immediately contacted her physician and a biopsy was scheduled. The pathology report indicated a benign neoplasm composed of well-differentiated cells.Which of the following words refers to the lump?
- A.
Biopsy
- B.
Metastasis
- C.
Pap smear
- D.
Neoplasm
Correct Answer
D. NeoplasmExplanation
The word "neoplasm" refers to the lump that was discovered in J.S.'s breast. A neoplasm is an abnormal growth of cells, which can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). In this case, the pathology report indicated that the neoplasm was benign, meaning it was not cancerous. Therefore, the lump that J.S. discovered was a benign neoplasm composed of well-differentiated cells.Rate this question:
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