Cell Transport Warm Up: 2

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This process occurs naturally and does not require any external energy input. Therefore, substances always move down a concentration gradient during diffusion, as they tend to spread out and become evenly distributed. This is why the statement "In diffusion, substances always move down a concentration gradient" is true.

Osmosis is indeed a form of diffusion. Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, and osmosis specifically refers to the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane. In osmosis, water molecules move across the membrane to equalize the concentration of solute on both sides. Therefore, it can be concluded that osmosis is a type of diffusion.

Isotonic refers to a solution that has the same concentration of solutes outside and inside the cells. In this case, the image of the human red blood cells that has equal concentration of solutes outside and inside the cells is the one that is isotonic.

The correct answer is "Hypertonic." In a hypertonic solution, the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher than inside the cell. This causes water to move out of the cell, resulting in the cell shrinking and losing turgor pressure. In contrast, in a hypotonic solution, the concentration of solutes outside the cell is lower than inside the cell, causing water to move into the cell and increase turgor pressure. In an isotonic solution, the concentration of solutes is the same inside and outside the cell, resulting in no net movement of water and maintaining turgor pressure.

Facilitated diffusion is a type of cellular transport where molecules move across the cell membrane with the help of transport proteins. It does not require energy and occurs along the concentration gradient. In the image, if the process of facilitated diffusion is occurring, it suggests that specific molecules are being transported across the cell membrane with the assistance of transport proteins.

In a hypotonic solution, the concentration of solutes outside the cell is lower than inside the cell. This causes water to move into the cell, increasing its volume and creating higher turgor pressure. Therefore, the image of human red blood cells in a hypotonic solution will have the highest turgor pressure compared to the other two options.

The image shows the presence of ion channels, which are protein channels in the cell membrane that allow the passage of ions. This type of cellular transport is known as ion channels, where ions move across the membrane through specific protein channels. It is different from facilitated diffusion, where molecules move across the membrane with the help of transport proteins. Pinocytosis and phagocytosis involve the engulfment of particles by the cell, and simple diffusion refers to the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without the need for a protein channel.

The correct answer is "Exchange of 3 Na+ for 2 K+." Sodium-potassium pumps are a type of active transport that moves sodium ions out of cells and potassium ions into cells. This process requires energy in the form of ATP. For every cycle of the pump, 3 sodium ions are exchanged for 2 potassium ions. This exchange helps maintain the electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane, which is important for various cellular functions.

The correct answer is osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. In the case of human red blood cells, water molecules move from an area of lower solute concentration (the surrounding solution) to an area of higher solute concentration (inside the red blood cells) in order to maintain equilibrium. This process is crucial for maintaining the proper balance of water and solutes in the cells.

Turgor pressure is the correct answer because osmosis is the movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. In the right image, the plant cells have taken in water through osmosis, causing the cell membrane to push against the cell wall, creating turgor pressure. Therefore, the occurrence in the plant cells on the left would also be an increase in turgor pressure due to osmosis.

Passive transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the need for energy, while osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane. Similarly, active transport requires energy to move molecules across the cell membrane. Endocytosis is a form of active transport where the cell engulfs substances by forming a vesicle around them. Therefore, the analogy between passive transport and osmosis can be extended to active transport and endocytosis.

The image shows a cell engulfing a large particle, indicating the process of phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is a type of cellular transport where cells engulf and digest solid particles or other cells. It is a form of endocytosis, which is the process by which cells take in substances from the external environment by forming vesicles around them. Unlike passive transport, which does not require energy, phagocytosis is an active process that requires energy expenditure by the cell. Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane, and pinocytosis is the process of taking in fluid droplets by forming vesicles.

Pinocytosis is the correct answer because it is a type of cellular transport that involves the engulfment of extracellular fluid and solutes by the cell. In the image, it is likely showing the process of pinocytosis where the cell membrane forms vesicles to take in the surrounding fluid and molecules. This process is important for nutrient uptake and regulation of the cell's internal environment.

Plasmolysis is the condition that occurs when turgor pressure in plant cells decreases, causing the cells to shrink and become flaccid. In plasmolysis, the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall due to the loss of water, resulting in the cells appearing shriveled and wilted. This can happen when a plant is exposed to a hypertonic environment, where the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher than inside, causing water to move out of the cells.

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