Cell Growth And Reproduction Quiz

During metaphase, the chromosomes align themselves along the equatorial plane of the cell, forming a single line called the metaphase plate. This alignment ensures that each daughter cell will receive an equal number of chromosomes during cell division. The spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes, holding them in place at the metaphase plate. Once all the chromosomes are properly aligned, the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase of mitosis.

Interphase is the correct answer because it is the busiest part of the cell division process where G1, S, and G2 phases occur. During interphase, the cell grows, carries out normal metabolic activities, and replicates its DNA in the S phase. G1 phase is the first growth phase, S phase is the synthesis phase where DNA replication occurs, and G2 phase is the second growth phase before cell division. Therefore, interphase is the correct answer as it encompasses all these important events in cell division.

As a cell grows larger, it requires more DNA to support its increased metabolic and genetic activities. This is because the DNA contains the instructions for all cellular processes, including protein synthesis, cell division, and regulation of gene expression. Therefore, the larger the cell, the more demands it places on its DNA to ensure proper functioning and maintenance of cellular activities.

The correct order of mitosis is prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During prophase, the chromosomes condense and become visible, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle fibers begin to form. In metaphase, the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell. In anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell. Finally, in telophase, the chromosomes reach the poles, the nuclear envelope reforms, and the cell begins to divide. This sequence of events ensures the accurate division of genetic material in the cell.

During the process of chromosome replication, each chromosome forms two identical copies called chromatids. These chromatids are attached to each other at a region called the centromere. The centromere plays a crucial role in the separation of chromatids during cell division. Therefore, the correct answer is chromatids.

Anaphase is the correct answer because it is the stage of cell division where the sister chromatids, which are duplicated copies of chromosomes, separate and move towards opposite ends of the cell. During anaphase, the microtubules of the spindle apparatus pull the sister chromatids apart, causing them to become individual chromosomes. This is a crucial step in ensuring that each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes during cell division.

Cytokinesis is the correct answer because it is the process of cell division where the cytoplasm of a cell divides into two daughter cells. In plant cells, a cell plate forms during cytokinesis, which eventually develops into a new cell wall, separating the two daughter cells. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms during cytokinesis, which pinches the cell membrane inward until it separates into two separate membranes, resulting in two daughter cells.

Age is least likely a risk of cancer because it is a natural and inevitable process that everyone goes through. While the risk of developing cancer generally increases with age, it is not a controllable factor like smoking, alcohol consumption, or diet. These lifestyle choices and habits have been identified as significant risk factors for various types of cancer, whereas age is simply a factor that contributes to an individual's overall risk.

During mitosis, a cell undergoes replication of its chromosomes and divides into two identical daughter cells. Since the original cell has 46 chromosomes, each daughter cell will also have the same number of chromosomes, which is 46. Therefore, the correct answer is 46.

During interphase, the cell prepares for division by growing and replicating its DNA. Mitosis is the process in which the duplicated DNA is divided equally into two daughter cells. Therefore, interphase-mitosis is the correct answer because it represents the two parts of cell division where the nucleus undergoes growth and DNA replication during interphase, followed by the division of the duplicated DNA into two daughter cells during mitosis.