Ccna3 Final All April 2013

The purpose of the Spanning Tree algorithm is to prevent loops in a switched network with redundant paths. By identifying and disabling redundant paths, the algorithm ensures that there is only one active path between any two switches, preventing the possibility of broadcast storms and network instability caused by loops.

The auto-MDIX feature on a Cisco Catalyst switch allows the use of straight-through patch cables regardless of connected device types. This means that whether the connected device requires a straight-through or a crossover cable, the auto-MDIX feature will automatically detect and adjust the connection accordingly. This simplifies the cabling process and eliminates the need for manual cable adjustments, making network setup and maintenance easier.

The most scalable and cost-effective solution to allow inter-VLAN communication in this network is to configure a router with two subinterfaces on one of its FastEthernet ports and connect it to S1 using a trunk link. This allows the router to handle the traffic between the VLANs by creating virtual interfaces for each VLAN. The trunk link enables the transmission of multiple VLAN traffic over a single physical link, reducing the need for additional physical connections and switches.

SSH encrypts all remote management communications whereas Telnet does not. This means that when using SSH, all the data transmitted between the network administrator's device and the switches is encrypted, ensuring that it cannot be intercepted or read by unauthorized individuals. On the other hand, Telnet sends data in clear text, making it vulnerable to eavesdropping and unauthorized access. Therefore, using SSH provides a higher level of security and protects sensitive information during remote management tasks.

The purpose of the Spanning Tree algorithm is to prevent loops in a switched network with redundant paths. This algorithm ensures that there is only one active path between any two network devices, thus preventing the formation of loops that could lead to broadcast storms and network congestion. By selecting a single path and blocking redundant paths, the Spanning Tree algorithm improves network stability and ensures efficient data transmission.

Configuring a switch port as a trunk port allows for the transmission of data from multiple VLANs through a single port. This is useful in situations where there are multiple VLANs in a network and data needs to be exchanged between them. Trunk ports tag the frames with VLAN information, allowing the receiving switch to correctly identify and forward the frames to the appropriate VLAN. By using trunk ports, it is possible to effectively manage and control traffic between VLANs without the need for separate physical connections for each VLAN.

not-available-via-ai

The IP address that should be assigned to the new host is 192.168.1.52 /28. This is because the subnet mask /28 indicates that the first 28 bits of the IP address are used for the network portion, leaving 4 bits for the host portion. The IP address 192.168.1.52 falls within the range of usable host addresses in VLAN 3.

The likely problem is that the Fa0/1 port of S1 is not configured as a trunk port. In order for VLAN traffic to pass between the switch and the router, the port connecting them needs to be configured as a trunk port. A trunk port allows multiple VLANs to pass through it, while an access port can only carry traffic for a single VLAN. Since PC1 is unable to access PC2, it suggests that the VLAN traffic is not being properly passed between the switch and the router, indicating that the port is not configured correctly.

The term "DYNAMIC" in the output indicates that the MAC address entry was dynamically learned by the switch. This means that the switch learned the MAC address from the source address in a frame received on Fa0/18. The switch automatically updates its MAC address table by learning and associating MAC addresses with the corresponding ports. In this case, the MAC address 0060.5c5b.cd23 was learned from a frame received on port Fa0/18.

not-available-via-ai

The most likely cause of the problem is that the switch port Fa0/1 is not trunking. Trunking is used to carry traffic for multiple VLANs over a single link, allowing hosts on different VLANs to communicate with each other. If the switch port is not configured as a trunk port, it will only allow traffic for a single VLAN, which would explain why hosts on each VLAN can only access local resources and not resources on the other VLAN.

The router will drop the packet because the source and destination addresses are in the same subnet (192.168.1.0/24). Since the packet is destined for a host within the same subnet, the router does not need to forward it to another interface. Instead, the router will drop the packet as it does not need to be routed.

The term "DYNAMIC" in the output indicates that the switch has learned the MAC address 0060.5c5b.cd23 from the source address in a frame received on port Fa0/18. This means that the switch dynamically added this MAC address to its MAC address table based on the source address of a frame it received on that specific port.

not-available-via-ai

The problem is that the size parameter in the command only reset the default buffer size, but it did not actually disable access to the buffer. This means that the command history buffer is still available despite the administrator's attempt to disable it.

The correct answer is to reconfigure the trunk port on switch SW2 with static trunk configuration. This is because the question states that the hosts connected to switch SW1 are not able to communicate with the hosts in the same VLANs connected to switch SW2. This indicates a problem with the trunk port, which is responsible for carrying traffic between switches. By reconfiguring the trunk port with static trunk configuration, it ensures that the VLAN information is properly transmitted between the switches, allowing communication between the hosts in the same VLANs.

To fix the problem of hosts not being able to communicate with hosts in the same VLAN connected to switch SW2, the fa0/1 interface on switch SW1 should be reconfigured with a static trunk configuration. This will allow the interface to carry traffic from multiple VLANs, enabling communication between the switches and the hosts in the same VLAN.

The privileged EXEC mode is the CLI mode that allows users to access all device commands, including those used for configuration, management, and troubleshooting. In this mode, users have elevated privileges and can perform advanced tasks such as configuring interfaces, managing routing protocols, and troubleshooting network issues. This mode provides full control and access to all device commands and is typically accessed after entering the user EXEC mode with the necessary credentials.

The correct answer is Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP). This is because RSTP is an IEEE standard protocol that provides rapid convergence of the spanning tree in a network. It improves upon the original Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) by reducing the convergence time and allowing for faster network recovery in the event of link failures. RSTP also supports VLANs, making it suitable for modern networks with multiple VLANs.

Setting the security mode to WEP on the Linksys integrated router will encrypt the data transmitted between the wireless client and the access point. This means that any data sent over the wireless network will be protected and cannot be easily intercepted or accessed by unauthorized users. WEP stands for Wired Equivalent Privacy and is an older wireless security protocol that provides basic encryption for wireless networks.

Switch SW1 is the last device to receive the collision. Switches are responsible for creating separate collision domains, meaning that when a collision occurs on one port, it does not propagate to the other ports. In this scenario, the collision would have occurred between PC_A and PC_B, and it would have been detected by switch SW1. The switch would then handle the collision by using its collision detection mechanism and would not forward the collided frames to the other devices connected to it. Therefore, switch SW1 is the last device to receive the collision.

Dividing the computers into separate VLANs on the existing switches is an efficient and cost-effective way to minimize the frequency and effects of broadcast storms on an Ethernet LAN. By separating the computers into different VLANs, broadcast traffic is contained within each VLAN and does not propagate to other VLANs. This helps to reduce the overall broadcast traffic on the network, preventing broadcast storms from occurring and minimizing their effects on network performance. Additionally, using existing switches to create VLANs eliminates the need for additional hardware or equipment, making it a cost-effective solution.

The correct answer is that the native VLAN supports untagged traffic on an 802.1Q trunk. This means that any traffic that is not specifically tagged with a VLAN identifier will be treated as belonging to the native VLAN. This is useful for devices that do not support VLAN tagging, as they can still communicate on the network using the native VLAN.

A designated port is a port that is elected by the spanning tree protocol (STP) to forward traffic on a segment. It is the only port type that must be present in order for traffic to flow on that segment. The designated port is responsible for forwarding frames and ensuring that there are no loops in the network. It is selected based on criteria such as the lowest path cost to the root bridge. Therefore, the correct answer is designated port.

Configuring or deleting a VLAN or creating a VLAN name will increment the configuration revision number on the VTP server. This is because any changes made to the VLAN configuration, such as adding or removing VLANs or modifying their names, will require the VTP server to update its configuration. The configuration revision number is used to track and synchronize changes between VTP servers and clients in a VTP domain. Therefore, any modifications to the VLAN configuration will trigger an increment in the revision number to ensure consistency across the network.

One possible cause of the problem is that there is a password set on one of the switches. This can prevent VTP updates from being received by SWB, causing it to not respond to the updates from SWA.

The problem is that the size parameter in the command "terminal no history size" only reset the default buffer size, but it did not actually disable access to the buffer. This means that even though the buffer size may have been changed, the administrator can still access and view the command history.

The purpose of the switch command "switchport access vlan 99" is to assign the port to a particular VLAN. This command configures the switch port to belong to VLAN 99, allowing traffic to be sent and received only within that VLAN.

Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a feature that is uniquely found in an access layer switch within a hierarchical network model. PoE allows the switch to provide power to devices such as IP phones, wireless access points, and surveillance cameras through the Ethernet cables, eliminating the need for separate power cables. This feature simplifies the deployment and management of network devices, reduces clutter, and provides flexibility in device placement. Access control lists, layer 3 routing capabilities, and link aggregation are features that can be found in switches at different layers of the network hierarchy, but PoE is specific to access layer switches.

not-available-via-ai

To remedy the trunk problem between switches SW1 and SW2, the "Trunking Native Mode VLAN" on switch SW2 should be configured as VLAN 100. This means that the native VLAN on switch SW2 should be set to VLAN 100, which will ensure that the trunk link between the switches can properly pass VLAN traffic.

The reason why S3 is unable to propagate VLANs to S2 is because the VTP domains are different on both switches. VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) is used to synchronize VLAN information across switches within the same VTP domain. If the VTP domains are different, the switches will not be able to exchange VLAN information and propagate the VLANs.

Switch ST-1 will handle Layer 2 broadcast traffic originating from host A on switch ST-C by forwarding it out port Fa0/5 only. This is because VTP pruning is enabled in the VTP domain, which means that broadcast traffic will only be forwarded to the switches that have active receivers for that traffic. Since switch ST-1 does not have any active receivers for the broadcast traffic originating from host A, it will only forward it out port Fa0/5 and not to any other ports.

not-available-via-ai

The configuration of this wireless device indicates that all wireless devices connected to this access point must have the SSID of Academy. This means that any device attempting to connect to this access point must be configured with the correct SSID in order to establish a connection.

not-available-via-ai

To resolve the issue of VLAN 20 users on SW1 not having connectivity to VLAN 20 users on SW2, VLAN 20 needs to be added to the list of allowed VLANs on the trunk link of SW2. By including VLAN 20 in the allowed VLANs, the trunk link will be able to carry traffic for VLAN 20 between the two switches, allowing the users to communicate with each other.

not-available-via-ai

The problem is caused by the IP addresses on the subinterfaces being incorrectly matched to the VLANs. This means that the subinterfaces are not correctly configured to communicate with the corresponding VLANs, resulting in the inability of Host1, Host2, and Host3 to communicate with each other.

If an 802.11b client associates with an access point that is currently supporting clients utilizing 802.11g, the operational change that will occur is that the 802.11g clients will operate at reduced speeds. This is because the access point will have to support both 802.11b and 802.11g clients, and since 802.11b has a slower maximum data rate than 802.11g, it will bring down the overall speed for all clients connected to the access point.

not-available-via-ai

The ARP request sent by computer 5 will be received by computer 3 and RTR-A. This is because computer 3 and RTR-A are connected to the same VLAN as computer 5 and are part of the same broadcast domain. Trunk links allow all VLANs, so the ARP request will be forwarded to all devices in the VLAN, including computer 3 and RTR-A.

From the boot loader command line of a Cisco Catalyst switch, two operations that can be performed are reinstalling the IOS image and formatting the flash file system. The boot loader is a software program that is responsible for loading the operating system and allows for basic configuration and troubleshooting tasks. Reinstalling the IOS image can be done to upgrade or restore the operating system, while formatting the flash file system erases all files and configurations stored in the flash memory.

A wireless LAN access point will convert traffic between 802.3 and 802.11 frame encapsulation types. This is because 802.3 is the standard for Ethernet frame encapsulation used in wired networks, while 802.11 is the standard for wireless LAN frame encapsulation. The access point acts as a bridge between the wired and wireless networks, converting the frames from one encapsulation type to the other to enable communication between wired and wireless devices.

Store-and-forward is the appropriate switch forwarding method for a network that uses frame classification based on a QoS value. This method ensures that the entire frame is received and checked for errors before it is forwarded, allowing for better accuracy and reliability. It also allows for the examination of the QoS value assigned to the frame, enabling the switch to prioritize and handle the traffic accordingly. This method is particularly useful in environments where QoS is important, as it ensures that frames are properly processed before being forwarded.

One possible cause of the problem is that there is a password set on one of the switches. This can prevent the VTP updates from being received by switch SWB, as it would require the correct password to authenticate and receive the updates.

The reason why changing the VTP version of SWA to version 1 can correct the problem is that VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) is used to synchronize VLAN information across switches in a network. By default, VTP version 2 is used, which supports extended VLANs. However, if SWC is using VTP version 1, it will not be able to understand the extended VLAN information sent by SWA. By changing the VTP version of SWA to version 1, both switches will be using the same version and will be able to exchange VLAN information correctly.

To initially configure the Linksys WRT300N wireless access device, a computer needs to be configured in the same IP subnet as the WRT300N and have a direct cable connection to it. This means that the computer and the WRT300N need to be on the same network and have compatible IP addresses. The direct cable connection allows for a direct communication between the computer and the device, enabling the configuration process.

A VTP switch is operating in "transparent" mode if it has been configured to only forward VTP advertisements. In this mode, the switch does not participate in VTP domain-wide VLAN management. It simply forwards VTP advertisements received from other switches to other switches in the network. The transparent mode is typically used when you want to isolate VLAN configurations on a specific switch and prevent the propagation of VLAN changes to other switches in the network.

The command "copy system:running-config tftp://172.16.2.155/tokyo-config" will save the running configuration file on S1 to a file named "tokyo-config" via TFTP.

In a switched network that is active and converged, the switch port type that assumes a discarding state on non-root switches is the alternate port. Alternate ports are used in Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) to provide an alternative path to the root bridge in case the designated port fails. When there is a designated port on a non-root switch, the alternate port will be in a discarding state to prevent loops and ensure network stability.

Normal range VLANs are stored in the vlan.dat file, which is a file that contains information about all the VLANs on a switch. This file is used by the switch to maintain VLAN information even after a reboot. Additionally, normal range VLANs are identified by a VLAN ID between 1 and 1005. This range is reserved for normal VLANs, while VLANs outside this range are considered extended VLANs.

not-available-via-ai

Cut-through switching is a networking technique that allows frames to be forwarded as soon as the destination address is received, without waiting for the entire frame to be received. This provides the advantage of forwarding frames quickly, reducing latency in the network. By not waiting for the entire frame to be received and analyzed, cut-through switching can provide faster data transmission and improved network performance.

Switch SW1 will send all untagged traffic to VLAN 25. This means that any traffic that arrives on the trunk without a VLAN tag will be forwarded to VLAN 25. This is the default behavior for untagged traffic on a trunk port.

Store-and-forward is a switching method that provides error-free data transmission. In this method, the entire data frame is received and stored in a buffer before it is forwarded to the next destination. The switch checks the integrity of the data frame, ensuring that it is error-free, before forwarding it. This method is effective in preventing errors from being propagated through the network, as any corrupted or incomplete data frames are discarded. Therefore, store-and-forward is the correct answer for ensuring error-free data transmission.

All devices that connect to a wireless access point configured for WPA2 will be required to use the AES encryption algorithm. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a widely used encryption algorithm that provides strong security for wireless networks. It is the recommended encryption algorithm for WPA2, offering better security than other options such as TKIP or WEP. PPK and PSK are not encryption algorithms, so they are not the correct answer.

A VTP switch operating in client mode does not allow for the creation of local VLANs but it does accept VLAN updates from other switches in the same domain. In client mode, the switch receives VTP advertisements from the VTP server and updates its VLAN database accordingly. However, it cannot create or modify VLANs locally. This mode is typically used in larger networks where the VLAN configuration is centrally managed by a VTP server, and the client switches simply receive and apply the updates.

The given commands configure VLAN 30 on the switches S1, S2, and S3. However, the "switchport trunk allowed vlan" command is missing the "add" keyword, which means that only VLAN 30 will be allowed on the trunk links of S3. Therefore, VLAN 30 will be added to the VLAN database of S3 but will not be propagated to S4, S2, or S1.

The "erase nvram:" command is used to clear the contents of the startup configuration file on a switch. NVRAM (non-volatile random-access memory) is a type of memory that stores the startup configuration file, which contains the configuration settings for the switch. By issuing this command, the network administrator will delete the startup configuration file, effectively clearing its contents.

The CAM table shows that the MAC address 00-00-3D-1F-11-05 is associated with port 2. Therefore, when the switch receives the frame with this MAC address, it will forward the frame out all ports except port 3, as indicated in the answer.

Cordless phones and microwave ovens can cause interference with the operation of a WLAN because they both operate on similar frequencies. Cordless phones often operate on the 2.4 GHz frequency, which is also used by many Wi-Fi networks. Microwave ovens can also emit signals in the 2.4 GHz range, which can disrupt Wi-Fi signals. Therefore, the use of these devices near a WLAN can result in decreased performance or even complete disruption of the wireless network.

The new access layer switches should support PoE (Power over Ethernet) because it is required to power IP phones and other network devices without the need for separate power cables. QoS (Quality of Service) is also necessary to prioritize voice traffic over data traffic, ensuring high-quality voice calls. Modular design, Layer 3 support, and line speed forwarding rates are not explicitly mentioned as requirements for the existing network, so they are not necessary for the new access layer switches.

The information of newly created VLANs is stored in the flash memory of a switch. Flash memory is a type of non-volatile storage that retains data even when power is turned off. It is commonly used in networking devices to store the switch's operating system, configuration files, and other important data. Storing the VLAN information in flash memory allows the switch to retain the VLAN configuration even after a reboot or power outage.

Distribution switches in the hierarchical three-layer design model support these network requirements. Distribution switches are responsible for connecting access switches to the core switches. They provide aggregation of multiple access switches, allowing for the implementation of data security policies, aggregated links, and redundant devices and links. Core switches, on the other hand, are responsible for high-speed backbone connectivity and do not typically handle these requirements. Access switches are responsible for connecting end-user devices and do not provide the necessary features for the given network requirements.

not-available-via-ai

Wireless clients transmit probe messages when they are searching for a specific wireless network. These probe messages are used to discover and locate available wireless networks in the vicinity. By sending out probe messages, the wireless clients can gather information about the network's SSID (Service Set Identifier) and other parameters, allowing them to establish a connection with the desired network.

When a VLAN is configured or deleted, or a VLAN name is created, the configuration revision number on the VTP server will be incremented. This is because these actions involve making changes to the VLAN database, which is managed by the VTP server. By incrementing the configuration revision number, the VTP server ensures that other VTP devices in the network are aware of the changes and can synchronize their VLAN databases accordingly.

When both switches are set to "dynamic auto" mode, it means that they will both negotiate the DTP mode. In this case, since both switches are in the same mode, they will not negotiate to form a trunk link. Instead, they will both default to become access links. Therefore, the combination of "dynamic auto – dynamic auto" will cause the link to become an access link instead of a trunk link.

The given correct answer states that the port will transition immediately into the forwarding state. This is because all edge ports are configured with the spanning-tree portfast command, which allows the port to bypass the listening and learning states and transition directly into the forwarding state. Therefore, when Host1 is connected to port Fa0/1 on switch SW1, the port will immediately start forwarding traffic.

The output indicates that Interface FastEthernet3/0/0 is subinterfaced, which means it has been divided into multiple logical interfaces. This is supported by the presence of Interface FastEthernet3/0/0.3, which suggests that VLAN tagging is being used. The output also mentions that a non-proprietary trunking protocol is in use, indicating that a standard protocol like IEEE 802.1Q is being used for VLAN trunking. Lastly, the configuration is appropriate for a router-on-a-stick network design, which is evident from the presence of subinterfaces and VLAN mapping.

When the range of allowed VLANs is set to the default value, all VLANs are allowed across a trunk. This means that all VLAN traffic can pass through the trunk link, allowing for communication between devices in different VLANs. The default value for the allowed VLAN range includes all VLANs, so there are no restrictions on which VLANs can pass through the trunk.

ESS stands for Extended Service Set, which is a wireless networking term that refers to a group of interconnected access points. In an ESS, multiple access points are connected to a distribution system, allowing users to roam seamlessly from one access point to another without losing connectivity. This makes ESS the correct answer as it supports roaming from one access point to another. BSS (Basic Service Set) refers to a single access point, IBSS (Independent Basic Service Set) is a network without an access point, and ad hoc refers to a temporary network formed between devices without the need for an access point.

To remedy the connectivity issue to the web server connected to SW1, VLAN 100 should be configured as the native VLAN for SW1. This means that untagged traffic will be sent through VLAN 100, allowing for proper communication between the web server and other devices connected to SW1. By configuring VLAN 100 as the native VLAN, any untagged traffic will be associated with this VLAN and be able to communicate with the web server.

Configuring the switch as an HTTP server allows web-based configuration tools to be used with the switch. This means that the network administrator can access and configure the switch's settings through a web browser, which is often more user-friendly and convenient than using a command-line interface. It eliminates the need for specialized software or console cables, making it easier to manage and troubleshoot the switch remotely.

Before creating the additional VLANs, the network administrator should create the VLANs on a switch in VTP server mode. This will allow the VLANs to propagate to the other switches in the VTP domain. By creating the VLANs on a switch in VTP server mode, the administrator ensures that the new VLAN information will be distributed to all switches in the domain, allowing all switches to have the same VLAN configuration.

The two switch interfaces that would be RSTP edge ports are switch S3, Fa0/5 and switch S4, Fa0/2. RSTP edge ports are ports that connect to end devices and do not participate in the STP/RSTP protocol. These ports are assumed to be connected to devices that do not support STP, such as hosts or IP phones. Therefore, switch interfaces S3, Fa0/5 and S4, Fa0/2 are the correct answers as they are connected to end devices.

To fix the problem of Host A and Host B not being able to exchange traffic, the same native VLAN should be configured on both ends of the trunk. The native VLAN is used to carry untagged traffic across the trunk link. By configuring the same native VLAN on both switches, the untagged traffic from Host A and Host B will be able to pass through the trunk and communicate with each other.

In a switched network with RSTP enabled and active, the alternate port assumes a discarding state on non-root switches. The alternate port is a backup port that is ready to take over the designated port role if the current designated port fails. It remains in a discarding state to prevent loops and ensure network stability.

The default configuration of a new switch includes being configured in VTP server mode, having STP automatically enabled, and having all switch ports assigned to VLAN1.