The Ideal Quiz On CCNA 4, Chapter 1 Exam

When selecting a private WAN connection rather than a public WAN connection, the important consideration is data security and confidentiality during transmission. Private WAN connections provide a higher level of security as they are dedicated connections that are not shared with other organizations. This ensures that the data being transmitted between the remote branch offices remains secure and confidential. On the other hand, public WAN connections are more prone to security risks as they are shared connections and can be accessed by multiple organizations. Therefore, to protect sensitive corporate data, a private WAN connection is the preferred choice.

Leased lines are a type of WAN technology that establishes a dedicated constant point-to-point connection between two sites. Unlike other WAN technologies like ATM, ISDN, and Frame Relay, which are shared or switched networks, leased lines provide a dedicated connection that is always available for communication between the two sites. This makes leased lines a reliable and secure option for organizations that require a consistent and dedicated connection between their sites.

When a digital leased line is used to provide a connection between the customer and the service provider, two devices are needed: CSU (Channel Service Unit) and DSU (Data Service Unit). The CSU is responsible for providing termination for the digital signal and ensuring its quality, while the DSU is responsible for converting the digital signal into a format that can be transmitted over the leased line. These two devices work together to establish a reliable and secure connection between the customer and the service provider.

Packet-switched networks can efficiently use multiple routes inside a service provider network. This means that data packets can be dynamically routed through different paths, allowing for better utilization of network resources and improved reliability. In contrast, circuit-switched networks require a dedicated connection for the entire duration of a communication session, which can be inefficient and limit flexibility. By utilizing multiple routes, packet-switched networks can also provide better scalability and accommodate higher traffic volumes.

An increase in the number of subscribers can cause a reduction in available bandwidth on a cable broadband connection. As more users connect to the same network, the available bandwidth is divided among them, leading to slower speeds for each individual user. This is because the network infrastructure has a limited capacity to handle a certain number of users simultaneously. Therefore, as the number of subscribers increases, the available bandwidth per user decreases, resulting in a reduction in overall available bandwidth.

A small company with 10 employees would benefit from a broadband service, such as DSL, through their local service provider. This type of connection provides a high-speed internet connection that is suitable for sharing information between computers on a LAN. Dial-up connections are slower and less reliable, while virtual private networks and private dedicated lines are typically used for larger organizations with more complex networking needs.

The scenario where employees need to connect to the corporate email server through a VPN while traveling requires the use of a Wide Area Network (WAN). A WAN is a network that spans a large geographical area and connects multiple local area networks (LANs) together. In this case, the employees are traveling and need to access the corporate email server, which is located in a different location. To establish a secure connection and access the server, a WAN is required.

A WAN (Wide Area Network) is a network that covers a large geographic area, often spanning multiple cities or even countries. Unlike a LAN (Local Area Network), which is typically confined to a single location, a WAN connects multiple LANs together. The characteristic of a WAN being owned by service providers is accurate because WANs are usually created and maintained by telecommunications companies or internet service providers (ISPs). These service providers own the infrastructure, such as routers, switches, and transmission lines, that enable the wide area connectivity for businesses and individuals.

A new corporation can meet the requirement of providing a low-cost connection to sales people dispersed over a large geographical area by using public infrastructure and the Internet. Public infrastructure refers to utilizing existing communication networks and infrastructure that are publicly available, such as telephone lines or fiber optic cables. The Internet, being a global network, can provide a cost-effective solution for connecting sales people across different locations. By leveraging these two types of WAN infrastructure, the corporation can establish a reliable and affordable network for its sales team.

SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) and SONET (Synchronous Optical Networking) are two common high-bandwidth fiber-optic media standards. SDH is a standardized multiplexing protocol used to transfer multiple digital bit streams over optical fiber using lasers or LEDs. SONET is a similar standard used in North America, which defines the physical layer and transmission protocols for synchronous optical networks. Both SDH and SONET are widely used in telecommunications networks to provide high-speed and reliable transmission of data, voice, and video signals.

Ethernet WAN should be recommended as the technology solution for interconnecting several branch offices across a metropolitan area. It provides high-speed converged traffic, including voice, video, and data on the same network infrastructure. Additionally, Ethernet WAN allows for easy integration with the company's existing LAN infrastructure in their office locations.

An Ethernet WAN connection would best fulfill the customer's need for high-speed, dedicated bandwidth between two sites. Ethernet WAN provides a reliable and scalable solution, offering dedicated bandwidth for consistent performance. It supports high-speed data transfer and can handle large amounts of traffic efficiently. Additionally, Ethernet WAN is cost-effective compared to other options like MPLS, making it an ideal choice for customers looking for a high-speed, dedicated connection.

A distributed WAN scope refers to a wide area network that connects multiple locations or sites together. In a many-to-many configuration, multiple sites are interconnected, allowing communication and data exchange between all of them. This type of setup is suitable for organizations with multiple branches or offices that need to share resources and collaborate. It offers a decentralized network architecture, enabling efficient and flexible communication across all connected sites.

In a connectionless packet-switched network, each packet is treated independently and does not follow a predetermined route. Therefore, full addressing information must be carried in each data packet to ensure that it reaches its intended destination. This allows the network to properly route the packet based on the destination address contained within it. Without this full addressing information, the network would not be able to determine where to send the packet, resulting in delivery failure.

A VPN (Virtual Private Network) would be the best connectivity method for a corporate employee who works from home two days a week and needs secure access to internal corporate databases. A VPN creates a secure and encrypted connection over the internet, allowing the employee to access the corporate network and databases securely from their home. This ensures that sensitive data remains protected and prevents unauthorized access. Cable, DSL, and WiMAX are not specifically designed for secure access to internal corporate databases, making VPN the most suitable option.

LTE stands for Long-Term Evolution, and it is a wireless technology that provides Internet access through cellular networks. LTE offers high-speed data transmission and is commonly used for mobile communication. It enables users to access the internet, make phone calls, and send text messages using cellular networks. Unlike satellite and municipal WiFi, LTE specifically utilizes cellular networks to provide internet connectivity. WiMAX is another wireless technology, but it is not primarily used for cellular networks and does not provide internet access through them.

PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) and ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) are two common types of circuit-switched WAN technologies. PSTN is a traditional telephone network that uses circuit-switching to establish a dedicated connection between two parties during a call. ISDN is a digital telecommunication service that also uses circuit-switching to provide voice, video, and data transmission over traditional telephone lines. Both technologies are widely used for establishing reliable and secure connections over wide area networks.

DWDM stands for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing. It is a long distance fiber-optic media technology that supports both SONET and SDH. It assigns incoming optical signals to specific wavelengths of light, allowing multiple signals to be transmitted simultaneously over a single optical fiber. This increases the capacity and efficiency of the fiber-optic network, enabling high-speed data transmission over long distances.

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a technology that provides high-speed broadband service with wireless access. It has a longer range compared to other wireless technologies like 802.11 (Wi-Fi) and municipal Wi-Fi, making it suitable for users who live within 10 miles of the Internet provider network. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is a wired technology that uses telephone lines to provide broadband service, so it is not the correct answer in this scenario.

DSLAM stands for Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer. It is a network device used to connect multiple DSL lines from customers to a high-speed backbone network. DSLAM is specifically designed for DSL technology, allowing users to access the internet using DSL connections. It aggregates the traffic from multiple DSL lines and forwards it to the internet service provider's network. Therefore, DSLAM is the correct answer for the given question.

A VPN, or Virtual Private Network, is the recommended technology to use over a public WAN infrastructure when a branch office is connected to the corporate site. A VPN provides a secure and encrypted connection over the internet, allowing remote branches to securely access the corporate network. This ensures that sensitive data transmitted between the branch office and the corporate site remains protected from unauthorized access. VPNs also offer flexibility and cost-effectiveness compared to other options like ATM or ISDN, making them the preferred choice for connecting branch offices to the corporate network over a public WAN infrastructure.

ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) is a cell-based WAN technology that is well suited to carry voice and video traffic. It breaks data into fixed-sized cells and assigns them labels for efficient transmission. This allows for the prioritization of time-sensitive traffic like voice and video, ensuring a consistent quality of service. ATM's cell-based structure also allows for better bandwidth allocation and utilization, making it an ideal choice for multimedia applications.

ISDN and dialup are the two technologies that use the PSTN network to provide an Internet connection. ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) is a set of communication standards that enables digital transmission of voice, video, and data over the traditional phone lines. Dialup, on the other hand, uses a modem to establish a connection through the PSTN network by dialing a phone number. Both ISDN and dialup rely on the PSTN infrastructure to establish and maintain the connection to the Internet.

VSAT stands for Very Small Aperture Terminal and is a satellite communication system that can provide Internet access to remote locations where no regular WAN (Wide Area Network) services are available. It uses small satellite dishes to establish a connection with satellites in space, allowing users in remote areas to access the internet. This makes VSAT an ideal solution for areas where traditional internet infrastructure is not feasible or available. WiMAX, Ethernet, and municipal Wi-Fi are not specifically designed for providing internet access to remote locations without regular WAN services.

CMTS stands for Cable Modem Termination System. It is the equipment required for an ISP to provide Internet connections through cable service. CMTS acts as the interface between the cable network and the Internet, allowing multiple cable modems to connect and access the Internet. It manages the data traffic and provides the necessary signal processing for cable-based Internet connections. Therefore, CMTS is the correct answer for this question.