Business Law Objective 1.02 Test Quiz

The medical researchers testing animals are using the theory of "The Greatest Good." This theory suggests that it is acceptable to harm a few animals in order to benefit a larger number of people. In this case, the researchers believe that the potential benefits to thousands of people outweigh the harm caused to a few animals.

Congressman Smith of South Dakota is a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, which is a part of the legislative branch of government. The legislative branch is responsible for making laws and consists of the U.S. Congress, which includes the House of Representatives and the Senate. Therefore, the correct answer is "Legislative."

The Supreme Court represents the Judicial branch of the government. As the highest court in the land, it has the power to interpret the Constitution and determine the constitutionality of laws. In this scenario, the Supreme Court declared the law signed by President Johnson unconstitutional, indicating its role as the judicial branch responsible for interpreting and upholding the Constitution.

President Johnson is representing the Executive branch of the government. The Executive branch is responsible for enforcing and implementing laws. In this scenario, President Johnson signed the bill into law, which is a function of the Executive branch. The fact that the Supreme Court later declared the law unconstitutional does not change the fact that President Johnson, as the President, represents the Executive branch.

The theory that supports the reasoning mentioned in the question is "The Greatest Good." This theory suggests that the morally right action is the one that produces the greatest overall balance of happiness or well-being for the greatest number of people. In the context of war, sacrificing a few soldiers' lives is justified if it leads to the greater good of securing freedom for thousands of people. This theory prioritizes the collective well-being and considers the long-term benefits over immediate sacrifices.

Brenda is using Consequential Reasoning because she is considering the final consequences of each alternative before making her decision. Consequential Reasoning is a decision-making process that focuses on the potential outcomes or consequences of different choices, weighing the benefits and drawbacks of each option. It involves evaluating the long-term effects and impact of decisions to determine the best course of action.

The correct answer is Legislative. Congress is the branch of government that is responsible for creating and passing laws. In this scenario, Congress sent a bill to the President, who then signed it into law. However, the Supreme Court later declared the law unconstitutional, which falls under the jurisdiction of the Judicial branch. Therefore, Congress represents the Legislative branch of government.

This is a fact-finding system because the judge's decision will be based on the strength of the arguments presented by Mark and Brenda. The judge will evaluate the facts and evidence presented by both sides and make a ruling based on the objective truth. The focus is on gathering and analyzing the facts to determine the most convincing argument.

Sally's statement suggests that her decision to run a stop sign is based on her personal feelings and opinions. She believes that it is acceptable to break the rule in the case of an emergency, indicating that her decision-making process is guided by her own emotions and perspectives rather than a set of predefined rules or principles. Therefore, the ethical decision model she would use in this situation is "Feelings and Opinions."

The given correct answer, "The Greatest Good," refers to the ethical decision model where the decision is based on what will result in the greatest benefit for the majority of people. In this case, the explanation suggests that the laws passed by Congress are determined by the majority votes, indicating that the decision-making process aims to achieve the greatest good for the majority of the population.