Block 14 Viral Gastroentiritis

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  • 1/15 Questions

    The mother of a 6-month-old child presents with her child at the emergency department in March. Earlier in the evening, the child suddenly started vomiting and has done so several times since and now presents with watery diarrhea. What is the most likely etiologic agent responsible for this child’s illness?

    • Astrovirus
    • Calicivirus
    • Adenovirus
    • Torovirus
    • Rotavirus
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Block 14 Viral Gastroentiritis - Quiz
About This Quiz

This quiz, titled 'Block 14 Viral gastroenteritis,' assesses knowledge on the etiology, transmission, and characteristics of viral agents causing gastroenteritis. It focuses on conditions like rotavirus and norovirus, crucial for learners in healthcare and medical education.

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  • 2. 

    A 39-year-old male presents to an outpatient clinic complaining of abdominal cramps and sudden onset of vomiting and diarrhea. What is the most likely etiologic agent responsible for this man’s illness?

    • Giardia lamblia

    • Norovirus

    • E. coli O157:H7

    • Dinophysis sp.

    • Rotavirus

    Correct Answer
    A. Norovirus
    Explanation
    In the absence of any detail, choose the most common etiology. This reasoning applies to questions 1.1 and 2.

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  • 3. 

    What are the characteristics of the Caliciviridae?

    • Naked, (-) ssRNA

    • Naked, (+) ssRNA

    • Naked, dsRNA

    • Naked, dsDNA

    • Naked, ssDNA

    Correct Answer
    A. Naked, (+) ssRNA
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Naked, (+) ssRNA". Caliciviridae is a family of viruses that have a naked capsid, meaning they do not have an envelope surrounding their genetic material. They have a single-stranded RNA genome, with a positive sense polarity, which means that the RNA can be directly translated into proteins by the host cell's machinery.

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  • 4. 

    During a food safety conference held on a cruise ship, 164 attendees and crew members are struck with a sudden onset of vomiting (average of 5 times/day), abdominal cramps, and watery diarrhea (average of 8 times/day) within a 48-hour period. At the next scheduled stop, water, food, and stool samples are sent for analysis by local health authorities. Results for the stool samples are as follows: Watery with no mucus Negative for blood Negative for leukocytes Negative for parasites Negative for viral enterotoxins Negative for bacterial enterotoxins   What is the most likely etiologic agent responsible for this outbreak?

    • Coronavirus

    • Adenovirus

    • Astrovirus

    • Reovirus

    • Calicivirus

    Correct Answer
    A. Calicivirus
    Explanation
    Based on the symptoms described (vomiting and watery diarrhea), as well as the negative results for bacterial and viral enterotoxins, the most likely etiologic agent responsible for this outbreak is Calicivirus. Calicivirus is a common cause of gastroenteritis and is known to cause symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea. The negative results for other pathogens such as parasites and leukocytes further support this conclusion.

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  • 5. 

    The mother of a 6-month-old child presents with her child at the emergency department in March. Earlier in the evening, the child suddenly started vomiting and has done so several times since and now presents with watery diarrhea. What is the most likely source of the child’s infection?

    • Aerosols from an infected, asymptomatic sibling

    • Breast milk

    • Water

    • Direct contact with an infected, asymptomatic sibling

    • Blenderised shellfish

    Correct Answer
    A. Direct contact with an infected, asymptomatic sibling
    Explanation
    The most likely source of the child's infection is direct contact with an infected, asymptomatic sibling. This is because the child started vomiting and has watery diarrhea, which are common symptoms of a gastrointestinal infection. Direct contact with an infected sibling increases the risk of transmission of the infection, especially if the sibling is asymptomatic.

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  • 6. 

    What is the most likely source of ABOVE outbreak (question No. 14)?

    • Whipped cream

    • Undercooked hamburger meat

    • Devilled eggs

    • Garden salad

    • Undercooked chicken

    Correct Answer
    A. Garden salad
    Explanation
    Garden salad is the most likely source of the outbreak because it is often made with a variety of raw vegetables which can easily become contaminated with bacteria such as E. coli or Salmonella if not properly washed or handled. Additionally, if the salad dressing or other toppings are made with raw eggs, it can further increase the risk of foodborne illness.

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  • 7. 

    A 2-year-old boy presents with his mother to an outpatient clinic in July following an abrupt onset of several episodes of diarrhea. The mother reports that the child ‘seems colicky and that his stools are very liquid with mucus in them’. On physical examination, the child has a low-grade fever, but all other findings are unremarkable. A stool sample sent for analysis and culture yields the following results:    What is the most likely etiologic agent responsible for this child’s gastroenteritis? Watery with mucus 　 ï‚· Negative for blood 　 ï‚· Negative for leukocytes 　 ï‚· Negative for parasites 　 ï‚· Negative for pathogenic bacteria 　 ï‚· Negative for rotavirus antigen 　 ï‚· Negative for norovirus antigen 　 ï‚· Positive for a naked, dsDNA virus

    • Rotavirus

    • Norovirus

    • Adenovirus

    • Coronavirus

    • Astrovirus

    Correct Answer
    A. Adenovirus
    Explanation
    The most likely etiologic agent responsible for this child's gastroenteritis is adenovirus. This is indicated by the positive result for a naked, dsDNA virus in the stool sample analysis. Adenovirus is a common cause of gastroenteritis in children, particularly in the summer months. It can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, and mucus in the stools, which align with the presentation described in the question.

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  • 8. 

    A 20-month-old girl is brought by her mother to the emergency department following the sudden onset of vomiting and watery diarrhea (no mucus, no blood). The child has a fever and her vital signs are: HR 130/min, RR 36/min and BP 100/60 mmHg. A stool sample sent for analysis is negative for leukocytes, bacteria, cysts or ova. Which of the following is the enterotoxin involved in this child’s illness?

    • Neuraminidase

    • Shiga toxin

    • NSP4

    • CPE

    • NS1

    Correct Answer
    A. NSP4
    Explanation
    NSP4 is the enterotoxin involved in this child's illness. NSP4 is a viral enterotoxin produced by rotavirus, which is a common cause of gastroenteritis in children. The symptoms described, such as vomiting, watery diarrhea, and fever, are consistent with rotavirus infection. The negative stool sample for leukocytes, bacteria, cysts, or ova also supports a viral etiology.

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  • 9. 

    A 20-month-old girl is brought by her mother to the emergency department following the sudden onset of vomiting and watery diarrhea (no mucus, no blood). The child has a fever and her vital signs are: HR 130/min, RR 36/min and BP 100/60 mmHg. A stool sample sent for analysis is negative for leukocytes, bacteria, cysts or ova. What best describes the most likely virus responsible for this child’s illness?

    • Naked, (+) ssRNA

    • Naked, (-) ssRNA

    • Naked, ssDNA

    • Naked, dsRNA

    • Naked, dsDNA

    Correct Answer
    A. Naked, dsRNA
    Explanation
    The most likely virus responsible for this child's illness is a naked, dsRNA virus. This is because the child is presenting with symptoms of gastroenteritis, such as vomiting and watery diarrhea, which are commonly caused by viral infections. The absence of leukocytes, bacteria, cysts, or ova in the stool sample suggests a viral etiology. Additionally, the fact that the virus is described as naked and dsRNA indicates that it is likely a member of the Reoviridae family, which includes rotaviruses, a common cause of gastroenteritis in young children.

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  • 10. 

    What are the characteristics of the Reoviridae?

    • Naked, (-) ssRNA

    • Naked, (+) ssRNA

    • Naked, dsRNA

    • Naked, dsDNA

    • Naked, ssDNA

    Correct Answer
    A. Naked, dsRNA
    Explanation
    Reoviridae is a family of viruses that have a unique characteristic of being naked, meaning they do not have an outer envelope. Additionally, they have a genome made up of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). This is in contrast to other options such as single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) or DNA (dsDNA or ssDNA).

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  • 11. 

    A 7-year-old girl presents with her mother to an outpatient clinic in February following an abrupt onset of vomiting and diarrhea. On physical examination, the child has a low-grade fever and complains of abdominal pain; all other findings are unremarkable. A stool sample sent for analysis and culture yields the following results: Watery with no mucus 　 ï‚· Negative for blood 　 ï‚· Negative for leukocytes 　 ï‚· Negative for parasites 　 ï‚· Negative for pathogenic bacteria 　 ï‚· Negative for rotavirus antigen 　 ï‚· Negative for norovirus antigen 　 ï‚· Positive for a naked, (+) ssRNA virus What is the most likely etiologic agent responsible for this child’s gastroenteritis?

    • Coronavirus

    • Adenovirus

    • Astrovirus

    • Reovirus

    • Calicivirus

    Correct Answer
    A. Astrovirus
    Explanation
    Astrovirus is the most likely etiologic agent responsible for this child's gastroenteritis. This is indicated by the positive result for a naked, (+) ssRNA virus in the stool sample analysis. Astrovirus is a common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children, especially during the winter months. The symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea, along with a low-grade fever and abdominal pain, are consistent with astrovirus infection. The negative results for blood, leukocytes, parasites, pathogenic bacteria, rotavirus antigen, and norovirus antigen further support this diagnosis.

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  • 12. 

    A 10-year-old boy presents with his mother to an outpatient clinic in March following an abrupt onset of vomiting and diarrhea. The child has a low-grade fever and his vital signs are: HR 120/min, RR 28/min and BP 110/70 mmHg. A stool sample sent for analysis and culture yields the following results: ï‚· Watery with no mucus 　 ï‚· Negative for blood 　 ï‚· Negative for leukocytes 　 ï‚· Negative for parasites 　 ï‚· Negative for pathogenic bacteria 　 ï‚· Negative for rotavirus antigen 　 ï‚· Negative for norovirus antigen 　 ï‚· Positive for a naked, (+) ssRNA virus What is the most likely etiologic agent responsible for this child’s gastroenteritis?

    • Astrovirus

    • Coronavirus

    • Adenovirus

    • Norovirus

    • Rotavirus

    Correct Answer
    A. Astrovirus
    Explanation
    The most likely etiologic agent responsible for this child's gastroenteritis is Astrovirus. This is suggested by the positive result for a naked, (+) ssRNA virus in the stool sample analysis. Astrovirus is a common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children, characterized by symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and low-grade fever. The negative results for other pathogens, such as rotavirus and norovirus, further support the likelihood of Astrovirus as the cause.

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  • 13. 

    What is the best indicator for a norovirus outbreak?

    • Children and adults affected

    • Only adults affected

    • Only children affected

    • Confined to restricted geographical location (camp, compound, school, hospital, ship)

    Correct Answer
    A. Children and adults affected
    Explanation
    The best indicator for a norovirus outbreak is when both children and adults are affected. This suggests that the virus is spreading among different age groups and is not limited to a specific population. If only adults or only children were affected, it could indicate a different type of illness or a more localized outbreak. However, when both children and adults are affected, it is a strong indication of a norovirus outbreak. Additionally, the answer mentions that the outbreak is not confined to a restricted geographical location, further supporting the idea of a widespread norovirus outbreak.

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  • 14. 

    Which statement is false?

    • Rotavirus infections usually occur as outbreaks

    • Rotaviruses are responsible for the majority of deaths due to diarrhea.

    • Rotavirus infections are observed primarily in children under the age of two

    • There are vaccines against rotaviruses.

    • IgA antibodies afford the best protection against rotaviruses

    Correct Answer
    A. Rotavirus infections usually occur as outbreaks
    Explanation
    Rotavirus infections usually occur as sporadic cases, not necessarily as outbreaks. Outbreaks can occur in settings such as daycare centers or hospitals, but individual cases can also occur outside of these settings.

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  • 15. 

    A 75-year-old male nursing home resident complains of abdominal cramps, sudden onset of vomiting and watery diarrhea. A stool sample sent for analysis appears watery with no mucous and is negative for blood, leukocytes or parasites. Stool culture is negative for bacteria. He is the third case within the nursing home residents and one healthcare worker also presented with the same symptoms. This episode seems to be restricted to this population. What virus(es) is(are) most likely to be responsible for this outbreak? CHECK ALL THAT APPLY

    • Astrovirus

    • Calicivirus

    • Adenovirus

    • Torovirus

    • Rotavirus

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Astrovirus
    A. Rotavirus
    Explanation
    The most likely viruses responsible for this outbreak are Astrovirus and Rotavirus. This is indicated by the sudden onset of vomiting and watery diarrhea, which are common symptoms of both viruses. Additionally, the negative stool culture for bacteria suggests a viral cause. The fact that there are multiple cases within the nursing home residents and a healthcare worker also presented with the same symptoms further supports a viral outbreak.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 22, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Oct 17, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Chachelly
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