Biomechanics - Quiz About The Science Of Structure!

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  • 1/25 Questions

    The reason that a largr-handled  object is easier to turn is that the mechanical advantage is larger.

    • True
    • False
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About This Quiz

Biomechanics is the science of movement of a living body, including how muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments work together to produce movement. Biomechanics is part of the larger field of kinesiology, specifically focusing on the mechanics of the movement.

Biomechanics - Quiz About The Science Of Structure! - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Cause of poor posture can be which of the following?

    • Habit

    • Congenital malformation

    • Paralysis of key postural muscles

    • Any of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Any of the above
    Explanation
    Poor posture can be caused by various factors, including habits, congenital malformation, and paralysis of key postural muscles. Habits such as slouching or sitting for long periods can contribute to poor posture. Congenital malformation refers to structural abnormalities present at birth that can affect posture. Paralysis of key postural muscles can also lead to poor posture as these muscles play a crucial role in maintaining proper alignment. Therefore, any of the mentioned factors can be the cause of poor posture.

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  • 3. 

    Which of the following is true regarding the changes in gait that occur with an elderly person?

    • Increase time in stance phase

    • Shorter step length

    • Decreased vertical displacement

    • All of the above are true regarding gait changes with age

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above are true regarding gait changes with age
    Explanation
    As individuals age, there are several changes in gait that occur. One of these changes is an increase in the time spent in the stance phase, which refers to the time when the foot is in contact with the ground during walking. This increase in stance phase time can be attributed to decreased muscle strength and flexibility in the elderly. Additionally, elderly individuals tend to have shorter step lengths compared to younger individuals. This can be due to decreased balance and coordination. Lastly, there is a decrease in vertical displacement, meaning that there is less upward movement during walking. This can be caused by reduced muscle power and joint stiffness. Therefore, all of the given statements are true regarding gait changes with age.

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  • 4. 

    What does STATIC mean

    • Moveable systems

    • Manner in which bones move in space

    • Systems that move then stop

    • Non-moving or nearly non-moving systems

    Correct Answer
    A. Non-moving or nearly non-moving systems
    Explanation
    The term "STATIC" refers to non-moving or nearly non-moving systems. This means that these systems are stationary or have very little movement. It can be used to describe objects or systems that are not in motion or have a very minimal amount of movement.

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  • 5. 

    Your patient has a tendency to CROSS the UNSUPPORTED LIMB in front  of the other during swing phase. This could indicate a spacticity  of which of the following muscle groups?

    • Hip FLEXORS

    • Hip ADDUCCTORS

    • Knee EXTENSORS

    • Ankle plantar FLEXORS

    Correct Answer
    A. Hip ADDUCCTORS
    Explanation
    The patient's tendency to cross the unsupported limb in front of the other during the swing phase indicates a spasticity of the hip adductors. These muscles are responsible for bringing the leg towards the midline of the body. When they are spastic, they can cause the leg to cross over the midline, leading to the observed movement pattern.

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  • 6. 

    In order to DECREASE the challenge of a client working on balance, you would do which of the following?

    • Raise the center of graviity and INCREASE the base of support

    • Raise the center of gravity and DECREASE the base of support

    • Lower the center of gravity and INCREASE the base of support

    • Lower the center of gravity and DECREASE the base of support

    Correct Answer
    A. Lower the center of gravity and INCREASE the base of support
    Explanation
    Lowering the center of gravity and increasing the base of support would make it easier for the client to maintain balance. Lowering the center of gravity by bending the knees or hips helps to create a more stable and balanced position. Increasing the base of support by widening the stance or spreading the feet apart provides a larger area of support, making it easier to maintain balance and stability. By combining these two actions, the challenge of balancing is decreased, making it easier for the client.

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  • 7. 

    A verbal cue that you could give a patient with POOR BALANCE to improve their gait safety is

    • Increase cadence

    • Decrease step length

    • Increase the width of the walking base

    • B and C

    Correct Answer
    A. B and C
    Explanation
    Increasing the cadence (step rate) and decreasing step length can help improve gait safety for a patient with poor balance. Increasing the cadence can help maintain stability by reducing the time spent on each foot, while decreasing step length can help prevent overreaching and potential loss of balance. Additionally, increasing the width of the walking base (the distance between the feet) can provide a more stable base of support, further enhancing gait safety for individuals with poor balance. Therefore, options B and C are both correct in this case.

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  • 8. 

    The term used to decribe walking speed is

    • Cadence

    • Stride length

    • Gait cycle

    • Period of nonsupport

    Correct Answer
    A. Cadence
    Explanation
    Cadence refers to the number of steps taken per minute while walking. It is a measure of walking speed and can be used to assess the intensity of physical activity. Stride length, on the other hand, refers to the distance covered in a single step. Gait cycle refers to the sequence of movements that occur during one complete cycle of walking. Period of nonsupport refers to the time when both feet are off the ground during walking. Therefore, cadence is the most appropriate term used to describe walking speed.

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  • 9. 

    A muscle that  generates most of its force DIRECTLY BACK INTO  THE JOINT is producing  which type of force?

    • Angular force

    • Stabilizing force

    • Dislocating force

    • Force couple

    Correct Answer
    A. Stabilizing force
    Explanation
    A muscle that generates most of its force directly back into the joint is producing a stabilizing force. This means that the muscle is working to support and stabilize the joint, preventing it from moving or dislocating. This type of force helps to maintain the stability and integrity of the joint during movement or physical activity.

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  • 10. 

    The law of motion best demonstrated when a person in a wheelchair gains speed when she pushes on the rims is the

    • Law of inertia

    • Law of acceleration

    • Law of action-reaction

    • Law of physics

    Correct Answer
    A. Law of acceleration
    Explanation
    The law of motion best demonstrated when a person in a wheelchair gains speed when she pushes on the rims is the law of acceleration. This law states that an object will accelerate in the direction of the net force applied to it. In this scenario, when the person pushes on the rims of the wheelchair, she applies a force in the backward direction, causing the wheelchair to accelerate forward. This demonstrates the relationship between force and acceleration, which is described by the law of acceleration.

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  • 11. 

    In order to INCREASE the challenge of a person working on balance, you could do which of the following?

    • Raise the center of gravity and INCREASE the base of support

    • Raise the center of gravity and DECREASE the base of support

    • Lower the center of gravity and INCREASE the base of support

    • Lower the center of gravity and DECREASE the base of support

    Correct Answer
    A. Raise the center of gravity and DECREASE the base of support
    Explanation
    Raising the center of gravity and decreasing the base of support will increase the challenge of a person working on balance. By raising the center of gravity, the person's body will be less stable, requiring more control and effort to maintain balance. Decreasing the base of support means reducing the area of contact between the person and the ground, further increasing the difficulty of maintaining balance. Together, these changes create a more challenging balance task for the person.

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  • 12. 

    A difficulty of slowness in initiating gait is characteristic of which of the following conditions?

    • Rheumatoid arthritis

    • Nonfunctioning gastrocnemius muscle

    • Parkinsonism

    • Muscular dystrophy

    Correct Answer
    A. Parkinsonism
    Explanation
    Parkinsonism is a condition characterized by a difficulty in initiating gait or movement. It is a neurological disorder that affects the brain's ability to control movement and coordination. This slowness in initiating gait is often seen as a common symptom of Parkinson's disease, which is the most common form of parkinsonism. The other conditions listed, such as rheumatoid arthritis, nonfunctioning gastrocnemius muscle, and muscular dystrophy, do not typically present with this specific symptom of difficulty in initiating gait.

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  • 13. 

    A gait pattern  characterized by a wide base of support and unsteady movements is called?

    • Parkinsonian gait

    • Scissor gait

    • Ataxic gait

    • Antalgic gait

    Correct Answer
    A. Ataxic gait
    Explanation
    Ataxic gait is the correct answer because it is characterized by a wide base of support and unsteady movements. This gait pattern is commonly seen in individuals with cerebellar dysfunction, which affects coordination and balance. The wide base of support is an attempt to compensate for the lack of coordination, while the unsteady movements result from the impaired control of muscle coordination. Parkinsonian gait, on the other hand, is characterized by small shuffling steps and a stooped posture. Scissor gait refers to a pattern where the legs cross over each other while walking, and antalgic gait is characterized by a shortened stance phase on the affected side due to pain.

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  • 14. 

    For OPTIMAL lateral view standing posture, a plumb line should be aligned with all of the following landmarks EXCEPT

    • Through the earlobe

    • Through the acromion process of the shoulder

    • Through the great toe

    • Lateral view of the hip knee and ankle

    Correct Answer
    A. Through the great toe
    Explanation
    In the optimal lateral view standing posture, a plumb line should be aligned with various landmarks to ensure proper alignment of the body. These landmarks include the earlobe, the acromion process of the shoulder, and the lateral view of the hip, knee, and ankle. However, the great toe is not included in this alignment. Therefore, the plumb line should not pass through the great toe in the optimal lateral view standing posture.

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  • 15. 

    You will be working with a patient who has had a STROKE.   You expect which of the following  descriptions to best characterize the TYPICAL gait  pattern that you will see?

    • Excessive ANTERIOR tilt and LUMBAR lordosis with exaggerated arm swing

    • A shift of the trunk tot the AFFECTED side with WEIGHT-BEARING

    • Weight shift to the UNINVOLVED side with CIRCUMDUCTION of the INVOLVED leg

    • A quick shift POSTERIORLY of the trunk at the moment of heel strike

    Correct Answer
    A. Weight shift to the UNINVOLVED side with CIRCUMDUCTION of the INVOLVED leg
    Explanation
    The correct answer suggests that the typical gait pattern seen in a patient who has had a stroke is a weight shift to the uninvolved side with circumduction of the involved leg. This means that the patient will lean towards the unaffected side and swing their affected leg outwards in a circular motion while walking. This gait pattern is commonly seen in stroke patients due to weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, leading to compensatory movements during walking.

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  • 16. 

    Two forces acting in EQUAL but OPPOSITE directions and resulting in a TURNING effect is called a

    • Stabilizing force

    • Dislocating force

    • Moment of force

    • Force couple

    Correct Answer
    A. Force couple
    Explanation
    A force couple refers to two forces that are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction and result in a turning effect. This means that the forces create a rotational motion without any translational motion. The forces in a force couple do not cancel each other out, but rather work together to produce a rotational force. This concept is often used in engineering and physics to describe systems that involve torque or moments.

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  • 17. 

    Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of arm swing in gait?

    • Serves to slow down the lower limbs to maintain balance and control

    • Provides counterrotation effect of the trunk

    • Helps to propel the lower limbs forward in space

    • None of the above - it is stricltly passive ,extraneous activity

    Correct Answer
    A. Provides counterrotation effect of the trunk
    Explanation
    The purpose of arm swing in gait is to provide a counterrotation effect of the trunk. This means that as the arms swing in the opposite direction to the legs, it helps to stabilize and balance the body during walking or running. The counterrotation effect of the trunk helps to reduce rotational forces on the spine and pelvis, allowing for a more efficient and coordinated movement.

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  • 18. 

    Your patient has a LONG LEG cast  on the left leg but is ALLOWED to bear weight while ambulating.  During the  swing phase, what will you likely see that person do to move the limb forward?

    • Extend the trunk

    • Shift the trunk to the left side during the swing phase

    • Circumduct the left hip

    • Flex the knee on the right side

    Correct Answer
    A. Circumduct the left hip
    Explanation
    During the swing phase, the person with a long leg cast that allows weight bearing is likely to circumduct the left hip. This means that they will swing their leg out to the side in a circular motion in order to move the limb forward. This compensatory movement is necessary due to the restricted mobility caused by the cast, allowing them to clear the ground and continue walking.

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  • 19. 

    Pressure on the vertebral discs is GREATEST in which of the following positions?

    • Supine

    • Side-lying

    • Seated

    • Standing upright

    Correct Answer
    A. Seated
    Explanation
    The pressure on the vertebral discs is greatest in the seated position. When sitting, the weight of the upper body is concentrated on the discs, leading to increased pressure. This is because the spine is not fully supported in a seated position, causing the discs to bear the majority of the load. In contrast, in the supine, side-lying, or standing upright positions, the weight is distributed more evenly across the spine, resulting in less pressure on the discs.

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  • 20. 

    The type of  machine that consists of a grooved wheel and turns on an axle with a rope or cable is a(n)

    • Moveable pulley

    • Wheel and axle

    • Fixed pulley

    • Incline plane

    Correct Answer
    A. Fixed pulley
    Explanation
    A fixed pulley is a type of machine that consists of a grooved wheel that turns on an axle with a rope or cable. Unlike a moveable pulley, a fixed pulley does not move along with the load being lifted. Instead, it is attached to a fixed point, such as a ceiling or a beam. When force is applied to one end of the rope, the fixed pulley allows for the load to be lifted or lowered with less effort. Therefore, a fixed pulley is the correct answer in this case.

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  • 21. 

    Which two SPINAL CURVES are considered to be the SECONDARY ( antigravity) curves

    • Cervical and Thoracic

    • Thoracic and sacral

    • Cervical and Lumbar

    • Lumbar and sacral

    Correct Answer
    A. Cervical and Lumbar
    Explanation
    The cervical and lumbar curves are considered to be the secondary (antigravity) curves. The cervical curve is located in the neck region and helps to maintain balance and support the weight of the head. The lumbar curve is located in the lower back and helps to support the weight of the upper body and distribute it evenly to the lower limbs. These curves play an important role in maintaining an upright posture and allowing for efficient movement and stability.

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  • 22. 

    The state of equilibrium demonstrated whan an object's COG is UNCHANGED when it is disturbed is

    • Stable equilibrium

    • Unstable equilibrium

    • Neutral equilibrium

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Neutral equilibrium
    Explanation
    Neutral equilibrium refers to a state in which an object's center of gravity (COG) remains unchanged when it is disturbed. This means that the object will return to its original position after the disturbance. In neutral equilibrium, the object's COG is located at its lowest point, ensuring stability and balance. Unlike stable equilibrium, where the object's COG is lowered when disturbed, or unstable equilibrium, where the COG is raised, neutral equilibrium does not require any external force to maintain its position.

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  • 23. 

    A person with a FACET JOINT problem in the spine is generally most comfortable in which of the following positions?

    • Lying prone

    • Lying supine with legs extended

    • Side-lying with top leg extended behind the body

    • Side-lying with both legs flexed toward the chest

    Correct Answer
    A. Side-lying with both legs flexed toward the chest
    Explanation
    A person with a facet joint problem in the spine is generally most comfortable in the side-lying position with both legs flexed toward the chest. This position helps to relieve pressure on the facet joints by allowing the spine to be in a more neutral position. By flexing the legs towards the chest, it also helps to further reduce the load on the spine and decrease any potential discomfort. This position provides support and alignment to the spine, allowing for increased comfort and reduced pain.

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  • 24. 

    A person with a LUMBAR DISC problem is generally most comfortable in which of the following positions?

    • Lying prone

    • Lying supine with pillows under knees

    • Sidy-lying with top leg extended behind the body

    • Side-lying with both legs flexed toward the chest

    Correct Answer
    A. Lying prone
    Explanation
    A person with a lumbar disc problem is generally most comfortable lying prone because this position helps to relieve pressure on the lumbar discs. Lying prone allows the spine to be in a neutral position, reducing strain on the discs and promoting proper alignment. This position also helps to elongate the spine and can provide relief from pain and discomfort associated with lumbar disc problems.

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  • 25. 

    Postural sway is a normal phenomenon that is largely controlled by gravity and which of the following  muscle groups?

    • Quadriceps and Hamstrings

    • Hip extensors and flexors

    • Ankle plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

    • Ankle invertors and evertors

    Correct Answer
    A. Ankle plantar flexion and dorsiflexion
    Explanation
    Postural sway refers to the slight movement or swaying of the body that occurs when maintaining an upright posture. It is largely controlled by gravity and the muscles involved in maintaining balance. Ankle plantar flexion and dorsiflexion are the movements of the ankle that play a crucial role in maintaining balance and stability. Plantar flexion refers to pointing the toes downwards, while dorsiflexion refers to pulling the toes upwards towards the shin. These movements are controlled by the muscles in the lower leg, such as the calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) and the muscles in the front of the leg (tibialis anterior). Therefore, ankle plantar flexion and dorsiflexion are important muscle groups involved in controlling postural sway.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 22, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Mar 30, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Lorimanning

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