Biology Unit 2 Summary

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The correct answer explains a mnemonic device to remember the difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. It suggests that the sound of the word "you" in Eukaryotes can be used to associate it with our own cells, which are eukaryotes. This mnemonic device can help in recalling that eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes do not.

It is the pili that lets the bacteria grab and hold onto surfaces, not the flagella.

Viruses are classified by their geometrical shape. This is because different viruses have distinct shapes, such as cubic or helical. A cubic shape has many sides, while a helical shape is like a spiral rod. By categorizing viruses based on their geometrical shape, scientists can better understand their structure and characteristics.

The correct answer is the first set of options, which includes the stages of reproduction in viruses. Viruses first attach themselves to host cells, then replicate their genetic material, assemble new virus particles, and finally release them to infect other cells. The other options are not relevant to the stages of reproduction in viruses.

Protista are a diverse group of organisms that include single-celled organisms such as amoebas and paramecia. These organisms have different methods of movement. Some protista use pseudopods, which are temporary extensions of their cell membrane, to move by extending and retracting these false feet. Others have a tail-like structure called flagellum, which they use to propel themselves through water. Additionally, some protista have hair-like structures called cilia that beat in coordinated waves to move the organism. Therefore, the correct answer is that protista can move using their pseudopods, flagellum, or cilia.

Prokaryotes are cells that do not have membrane-bound organelles. This means that their genetic material is not enclosed within a nucleus, and they lack other membrane-bound structures such as mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum. Instead, their genetic material is found in a region called the nucleoid, and their cellular functions are carried out by simpler structures within the cytoplasm. Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea, which are both single-celled organisms.

Fungi reproduce in three ways: asexually by releasing spores that are carried by the wind or by budding, and sexually by combining two sexual spores to form a zygote that develops into a hyphae.

Bacteria share genetic material through three main processes: conjugation, transduction, and transformation. Conjugation involves the growth of a cytoplasmic tube between two bacteria, allowing for the transfer of genetic material. Transduction occurs when a virus spreads bacterial DNA, transferring genetic material between bacteria. Transformation happens when a bacteria absorbs environmental DNA, incorporating it into its own genetic material. These processes enable bacteria to exchange genetic material and contribute to genetic variation within bacterial populations.

The bacteria's tail is the flagella, not the fimbriae.

Fungi use the thread-like cells of hyphae to branch out over large areas and reach the nutrients they need. Hyphae are the main structural component of fungi and they allow fungi to extend and explore their environment in search of food. The branching nature of hyphae allows fungi to cover a larger surface area, increasing their chances of encountering and absorbing nutrients. This enables fungi to obtain the necessary resources for growth and reproduction.

Bacilli sounds like "bat" as in a baseball bat. Baseball bats are rod shaped.

Viruses infect host cells by either using a special tail to grab onto the host cell or by using binding proteins to attach to the host cell. This allows the virus to enter the cell and begin the process of replication and infection.

Monera, Protista, and Fungi are the three kingdoms of microbiology. Monera includes bacteria and cyanobacteria, Protista includes single-celled eukaryotic organisms, and Fungi includes yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. These kingdoms categorize microorganisms based on their characteristics and evolutionary relationships.

Bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission. This process involves the doubling of genetic material, followed by the formation of a wall called a septum that divides the two sets of genetic material. The bacteria then undergoes a process of pinching in half, resulting in the formation of two new bacteria. This method of reproduction does not involve the creation of a cytoplasmic tube or the requirement of caves.

You can tell that cocci are ball shaped because there are a lot of circles in the word "cocci."

Pathogenic bacteria are disease causing bacteria. This means that when these bacteria enter the body, they have the potential to cause illness or disease. They can invade and multiply in the body, releasing toxins or causing damage to tissues, leading to symptoms such as fever, inflammation, and other signs of infection. It is important to identify and treat pathogenic bacteria to prevent the spread of disease and promote recovery.

Viruses are considered non-living because they lack the ability to carry out life functions on their own. They are essentially just genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat. In order to replicate and carry out their life cycle, viruses need to infect a host cell and hijack its cellular machinery. Without a host cell, viruses are unable to perform essential life processes such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Therefore, they are dependent on a host cell to carry out these functions.

You can tell by the spirilla sort of sounds like spiral.

The correct answer is that the kingdom fungi are eukaryotic cells with a cell wall. Fungi are a diverse group of organisms that belong to the eukaryotic domain. They are characterized by having cells with a distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Additionally, fungi have a cell wall made of chitin, which provides structural support and protection. This distinguishes them from prokaryotic cells, which do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and from "fuzzy haired people," which is an incorrect and unrelated statement.

The correct answer is that a virus has genetic material either of RNA or DNA, but not both. The genetic material is covered by a protein coat called a capsid. This is because viruses can either have RNA or DNA as their genetic material, but not both at the same time. The genetic material is protected and enclosed by a protein coat called a capsid.

In the lysogenic cycle of virus replication, the virus reproduces but does not kill the host cell. Instead, it inserts its DNA or RNA into the host cell's genetic material. When the host cell reproduces, the virus's genetic material is also replicated. This type of virus in the lysogenic cycle is referred to as a temperate phage.

The explanation for the given answer is that viruses have a specific host range, meaning they can only infect specific types of organisms. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria, plant viruses infect plants, and animal viruses infect animals. Each type of virus has specific receptors that can only bind to certain host cells. Therefore, it is not possible for the same type of virus to infect all three types of organisms.

Good job. You read the question carefully!

Good job. This one was difficult.

The correct answer is that the monera kingdom includes all the different types of bacteria. Monererans are prokaryotes, meaning they lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. This kingdom is characterized by single-celled organisms that have a simple cellular structure and lack a true nucleus.

The correct answer is "The kingdom protista are single cellular EUKARYOTES." This is because the kingdom Protista is a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that includes both single-celled and multicellular organisms. They are characterized by having a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. The statement that they are single cellular prokaryotes is incorrect, as prokaryotes do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. The statement about people protesting is unrelated and not a valid description of the kingdom Protista.

The correct answer is "Lag, log, stationary and decline phase." This answer accurately describes the four stages of bacteria growth. The lag phase is the initial period of adjustment and preparation for growth. The log phase is the period of rapid exponential growth. The stationary phase is when the growth rate slows down and the number of bacteria stabilizes. The decline phase is when the bacteria start to die off due to lack of resources or accumulation of waste products.

Viruses reproduce by hijacking the machinery of host cells to replicate their own genetic material and assemble new virus particles. They do not have the ability to reproduce sexually, as they lack the necessary cellular machinery for meiosis or fertilization. Therefore, the correct answer is that viruses reproduce by using the host cell to make virus parts, assembling them, and releasing new viruses.

Fungicides can be dangerous because some fungi can develop resistance to the chemicals used by farmers to eliminate fungus that harms crops. This means that the fungicides may become less effective over time, leading to increased damage to crops and potentially impacting food production.