Biology PAK 9 Self Check Quiz 4

2.

The Y-shaped molecule that is produced by plasma cells upon exposure to a specific antigen and can bind to that antigen is called a(n)

Macrophage
Antibody
B cell
Helper T cell

Correct Answer

A. Antibody

Explanation

An antibody is a Y-shaped molecule that is produced by plasma cells upon exposure to a specific antigen and can bind to that antigen. Antibodies are a crucial part of the immune response, as they help to neutralize pathogens and activate other immune cells to eliminate the threat. Macrophages, B cells, and helper T cells are all important components of the immune system, but they do not specifically refer to the Y-shaped molecule that can bind to antigens.

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3.

HIV causes AIDS by attacking and destroying

Helper T cells
Neutrophils
B cells
Antibodies

Correct Answer

A. Helper T cells

Explanation

HIV causes AIDS by attacking and destroying helper T cells. Helper T cells play a crucial role in the immune system by coordinating the response to infections. When HIV infects helper T cells, it weakens the immune system and makes it difficult for the body to fight off infections and diseases. As a result, individuals with AIDS become more susceptible to opportunistic infections and other complications.

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4.

An inappropriate immune system response against a nonpathogenic antigen is called a(n)

Autoimmune disease
Allergic reaction
Secondary immune response
Vaccination reaction

Correct Answer

A. Allergic reaction

Explanation

An inappropriate immune system response against a nonpathogenic antigen is called an allergic reaction. This occurs when the immune system overreacts to a harmless substance, such as pollen or certain foods, and triggers a response that can cause symptoms like sneezing, itching, and inflammation. Unlike autoimmune diseases, which involve the immune system attacking the body's own cells and tissues, allergic reactions are a response to external substances.

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5.

The body’s first line of defense against infection includes all of the following except

Skin
Acids in the stomach
Mucous membranes
Interleukin-1

Correct Answer

A. Interleukin-1

Explanation

Remember that the first line of defense is very general.

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6.

Vaccines are effective in preventing disease because they

Are antibodies directed against specific pathogens
Interfere with the release of suppressor T cells
Trigger antibody formation
Contain specific B cells and T cells

Correct Answer

A. Trigger antibody formation

Explanation

Vaccines are effective in preventing disease because they trigger antibody formation. When a vaccine is administered, it contains harmless fragments or weakened forms of the pathogen. This stimulates the immune system to recognize the pathogen as foreign and produce antibodies against it. These antibodies are then able to recognize and neutralize the actual pathogen if the individual is later exposed to it, preventing the development of the disease. By triggering antibody formation, vaccines provide a specific and targeted immune response that can protect against future infections.

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Biology Pak 9 Self Check Quiz 4

Which of the following is a nonspecific defense against pathogens?

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The Y-shaped molecule that is produced by plasma cells upon exposure to a specific antigen and can bind to that antigen is called a(n)

HIV causes AIDS by attacking and destroying

An inappropriate immune system response against a nonpathogenic antigen is called a(n)

The body’s first line of defense against infection includes all of the following except

Vaccines are effective in preventing disease because they