Bentley Ch. 10 Test
Multiple choice test based on Ch. 10 Mediterranean Society: The Greek Phase
- 1.
Since their written language is yet to be deciphered, archaeologists examine vivd frescoes, often showing beautiful young people at play or wealthy couples at home or even ships laden with luxurious cargo, to reveal life in
- A.
The Athenian society
- B.
The Spartan society
- C.
The Minoan society
- D.
The Trojan society
Correct Answer
C. The Minoan societyExplanation
The correct answer is the Minoan society. The explanation is that archaeologists examine vivid frescoes from the Minoan society to reveal life in that society. The mention of beautiful young people at play, wealthy couples at home, and ships laden with luxurious cargo suggests a prosperous and sophisticated society, which aligns with what is known about the Minoans. The fact that their written language is yet to be deciphered further supports the idea that archaeologists rely on visual representations like frescoes to understand Minoan society.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Tyrants came ot power in many Greek poleis as a result of
- A.
Popular support
- B.
Inheritance
- C.
Direct elections
- D.
Appointment by king
Correct Answer
A. Popular supportExplanation
Tyrants came to power in many Greek poleis as a result of popular support. This means that the general population of the city-states favored and backed these tyrants, allowing them to rise to power. The support could have been due to various reasons such as dissatisfaction with the current ruling system, promises of reforms or improvements, or charismatic leadership. The popular support gave tyrants the necessary backing and legitimacy to seize power and establish their rule.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A key difference between helots in Sparta and chattel slavery is that
- A.
Helots could not be bought and sold as property
- B.
Helots could serve in the Spartan army
- C.
Helots had some rights as citizens of Sparta
- D.
Helots could earn their citizenship after a number of years of service
Correct Answer
A. Helots could not be bought and sold as propertyExplanation
Helots in Sparta were a class of unfree individuals who were tied to the land and worked for the benefit of their Spartan masters. While they were not considered citizens and did not have the same rights as Spartans, they were not bought and sold as property like chattel slaves. This key difference highlights that helots were not treated as mere commodities to be bought, sold, or traded, but rather as a labor force that was bound to the land and obligated to serve the Spartan state.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Athens reached its democratic zenith under the leadership of
- A.
Alexander
- B.
Pericles
- C.
Solon
- D.
Aristotle
Correct Answer
B. PericlesExplanation
Pericles was a prominent leader in Athens during the 5th century BCE and is widely known for his contributions to the development and flourishing of Athenian democracy. He implemented various reforms that expanded democratic participation and strengthened the power of the Athenian assembly. Pericles also played a crucial role in promoting the arts and architecture, making Athens a cultural and intellectual center. Under his leadership, Athens experienced a period of unprecedented political and cultural achievements, making Pericles the correct answer for the question.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What was the main motivation for Greek colonization throughout the Mediterranean basin?
- A.
The strained resources of the mountainous Balkan Peninsula
- B.
The desire to spread Greek polytheistic religion
- C.
The belief in democracy as the most desirable form of government
- D.
The need to escape the plagues of the fifth century
Correct Answer
A. The strained resources of the mountainous Balkan PeninsulaExplanation
Greek colonization throughout the Mediterranean basin was mainly motivated by the strained resources of the mountainous Balkan Peninsula. The limited agricultural land and lack of natural resources in the Balkans pushed the Greeks to seek new territories for trade, agriculture, and settlement. The Greeks established colonies in various regions to secure new sources of food, raw materials, and trade routes. This expansion also provided opportunities for the growing population and alleviated the pressure on the limited resources of the Balkan Peninsula.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The most significant long-term result of the Persian Wars was
- A.
The Greek victory at Marathon which laid the foundations for the modern Olympics
- B.
The splintering of Greek unity after the Persian defeat which set the stage for the rise of Macedon
- C.
The spread of Alexander's empire across Persia, India, and into China
- D.
The Greek Victory at Salamis which demonstrated the superiority of Greek naval technology
Correct Answer
B. The splintering of Greek unity after the Persian defeat which set the stage for the rise of MacedonExplanation
The Persian Wars resulted in the splintering of Greek unity after the Persian defeat, which set the stage for the rise of Macedon. This is because the wars weakened the Greek city-states and led to a power vacuum in Greece. As a result, Philip II of Macedon was able to take advantage of the situation and eventually conquer Greece. The division and disunity among the Greek city-states made it easier for Macedon to assert its dominance and lay the foundation for the later conquests of Alexander the Great.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following public professions was open to women in classical Greece?
- A.
Priestess
- B.
Physician
- C.
Teacher
- D.
Physician
Correct Answer
A. PriestessExplanation
In classical Greece, one of the public professions that was open to women was that of a priestess. Women were allowed to hold positions as priestesses in various temples and perform religious duties. This role gave them some level of authority and influence within the community. However, it is important to note that this opportunity was limited to religious roles and did not extend to other professions.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following civilizations had the greatest impact on the Greek written language?
- A.
Egyptian
- B.
Babylonian
- C.
Phoenician
- D.
Hebrew
Correct Answer
C. PhoenicianExplanation
The Phoenician civilization had the greatest impact on the Greek written language. The Phoenicians were skilled traders and navigators who established colonies across the Mediterranean, including in Greece. They introduced their writing system, known as the Phoenician alphabet, to the Greeks, who adapted it to create their own alphabet. This alphabet became the foundation for the Greek written language and influenced the development of many other alphabets in the Western world.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Greek theater has its strongest connection to
- A.
The Eleusinian mysteries
- B.
The rites of Demeter
- C.
The philosophy of Aristotle
- D.
The cult of Dionysus
Correct Answer
D. The cult of DionysusExplanation
Greek theater has its strongest connection to the cult of Dionysus. This is because Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and fertility, was closely associated with theater and its rituals. The cult of Dionysus involved the performance of plays, often in the form of tragedies and comedies, as a way to honor and worship the god. The festivals dedicated to Dionysus, such as the Dionysia in Athens, were important events in ancient Greek society and provided a platform for theatrical performances. Therefore, it can be concluded that the cult of Dionysus had the strongest connection to Greek theater.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What did salvation cults of the Hellenistic era promise believers which was NOT availiable through Greek philosophy or traditional religion?
- A.
An ethical system for living
- B.
The promise of a rewarding afterlife
- C.
A community of believers
- D.
An explanation of natural phenomena
Correct Answer
B. The promise of a rewarding afterlifeExplanation
Salvation cults of the Hellenistic era promised believers a rewarding afterlife, which was not available through Greek philosophy or traditional religion. Greek philosophy focused more on ethical systems for living and the pursuit of knowledge, while traditional religion emphasized rituals and appeasing the gods. The salvation cults offered a unique concept of an afterlife that provided hope and reassurance to believers, offering the promise of a rewarding existence beyond death. This aspect set them apart from other belief systems of the time.Rate this question:
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- 11.
A key difference between the Greek city-states and the city-states of Mesopotamia, or the city-states of Mesoamerica, was that
- A.
Most of the Greek city-states developed direct democracies
- B.
Many of the Greek city-states were under the collective rule of local nobles
- C.
Many of the Greek city-states allowed some freedoms for women
- D.
Most of the Greek city-states were ruled by cruel leaders called tyrants
Correct Answer
B. Many of the Greek city-states were under the collective rule of local noblesExplanation
Many of the Greek city-states were under the collective rule of local nobles, which means that power and governance were often concentrated in the hands of a small group of aristocrats or wealthy individuals. This is in contrast to the city-states of Mesopotamia and Mesoamerica, where power may have been more centralized or held by a single ruler. The collective rule of local nobles in Greek city-states allowed for a more distributed form of governance and potentially greater influence for the aristocracy.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Unlike many slaves in _?_ which were used for human sacrifice, slaves in _?_ provided the agricultural labor necessary to feed the polis.
- A.
China, Athens
- B.
Harappan society, Sparta
- C.
Maya culture, Sparta
- D.
Maya culture, Mycenaean culture
Correct Answer
C. Maya culture, SpartaExplanation
Slaves in Maya culture were used for human sacrifice, while slaves in Sparta provided the agricultural labor necessary to feed the polis.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Despite their many differences, the Hellenistic philosophers would have most agreed with the _?_ regarding duty because of the Greek's focus on fulfilling one's duties to reason and logic in order to achieve a sense of inner peace and tranquillity.
- A.
HIndu thinking in the UPANISHADS
- B.
Taoist thinking in the TAO TE CHING
- C.
Confucian thinking in the BOOK OF SONGS
- D.
Sumerian thinking in the EPIC OF GILGAMESH
Correct Answer
A. HIndu thinking in the UPANISHADSExplanation
The Hellenistic philosophers would have most agreed with Hindu thinking in the UPANISHADS regarding duty because both emphasized the importance of fulfilling one's duties in order to achieve inner peace and tranquillity. Both philosophies valued reason and logic as a means to attain spiritual enlightenment and harmony. The UPANISHADS, like Hellenistic philosophy, focused on the individual's responsibility to fulfill their duties and obligations in order to lead a virtuous and meaningful life. Thus, the Hellenistic philosophers would have found common ground with Hindu thinking in the UPANISHADS when it comes to the concept of duty.Rate this question:
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- 14.
In Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the ancient Greeks were portrayed as
- A.
Expert and fearless seafarers
- B.
Professional pirates
- C.
Rational philosophers
- D.
Warriors with human heads and horse bodies
Correct Answer
A. Expert and fearless seafarersExplanation
The correct answer is expert and fearless seafarers. In Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the ancient Greeks were often depicted as skilled and brave sailors. The epic poems frequently mention their journeys across the Aegean Sea, their encounters with various islands and coastal regions, and their ability to navigate the treacherous waters. Additionally, the Greeks relied heavily on their naval power during the Trojan War, showcasing their proficiency in maritime warfare. This portrayal aligns with historical evidence of the Greeks' strong maritime culture and their dominance in the Mediterranean Sea during ancient times.Rate this question:
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- 15.
How democractic was the Athenian democracy? (Choose the BEST answer)
- A.
Citizenship was open to all residents
- B.
All citizens were qualified to join the city councils
- C.
Men and women could hold political office
- D.
Slavery was abolished through Solon's reform
Correct Answer
B. All citizens were qualified to join the city councilsExplanation
The given answer suggests that the Athenian democracy was highly democratic. It implies that all citizens, regardless of their social status or wealth, were eligible to participate in the city councils. This indicates a broad inclusion of citizens in the political decision-making process, which is a fundamental aspect of democracy.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Between the mid-eighth and the late sixth centuries B.C.E., the Greeks founded more than four hundred colonies along the shores of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. The driving force behind such a movement was primarily
- A.
Population pressure
- B.
An abundance of agricultural land in Greece
- C.
Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions on the Greek peninsula
- D.
A sense of pride associated with military conquests of other peoples
Correct Answer
A. Population pressureExplanation
During the time period mentioned, the Greek population experienced significant growth, leading to overcrowding and limited resources. This population pressure likely pushed the Greeks to seek new lands and establish colonies along the Mediterranean and Black Sea shores. The need for more space and resources would have been the primary driving force behind this movement.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following was NOT a consequence of Greek colonization?
- A.
It quickened the social development of the peoples living in the western Mediterranean and Black Sea regions
- B.
It led to direct conflict between the Greeks and the Persians
- C.
It disrupted trade and commerce
- D.
It led to the gradual decline in the economy of the Peloponnese
Correct Answer
C. It disrupted trade and commerceExplanation
Greek colonization actually had a positive impact on trade and commerce. As the Greeks established colonies in various regions, they developed trade networks and expanded their commercial activities. These colonies became important trading hubs, facilitating the exchange of goods and ideas between different regions. Therefore, it can be concluded that Greek colonization did not disrupt trade and commerce, making it the correct answer choice.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The Delian League was created to
- A.
Conduct democratic reforms in Athens
- B.
Discourage further Persian invasions
- C.
Maintain peace within the Greek world
- D.
Bring greater wealth to Sparta and its allies
Correct Answer
B. Discourage further Persian invasionsExplanation
The Delian League was created to discourage further Persian invasions. This alliance of Greek city-states was formed after the Persian Wars to provide mutual defense and protection against future Persian attacks. The member states contributed resources and military forces to build a strong naval fleet, which acted as a deterrent to any potential Persian invasions. The league also aimed to maintain peace within the Greek world by preventing conflicts and promoting cooperation among its members. However, over time, the league became dominated by Athens and transformed into an empire, using its power to further its own interests rather than solely defending against Persia.Rate this question:
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- 19.
What was the origin of drama?
- A.
Women dancing to honor Dionysus
- B.
The religious pageantry of the Greeks
- C.
The recreations of history by Herodotus
- D.
The works of Homer
Correct Answer
A. Women dancing to honor DionysusExplanation
The origin of drama can be traced back to women dancing to honor Dionysus. Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and fertility, was often celebrated through religious rituals and festivals. During these festivities, women would perform dances and rituals in honor of Dionysus, which eventually evolved into the theatrical performances we know as drama today. This form of entertainment became popular and gradually developed into a more structured and scripted art form, involving both men and women. The influence of Dionysian rituals on drama is well-documented in ancient Greek history.Rate this question:
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- 20.
What was NOT common in Homer's works?
- A.
Weak and easily influenced human beings
- B.
Outspoken wives
- C.
Heroic warriors
- D.
Constant conflict between characters
Correct Answer
A. Weak and easily influenced human beingsExplanation
In Homer's works, common themes include outspoken wives, heroic warriors, and constant conflict between characters. However, weak and easily influenced human beings are not commonly portrayed in his works.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which of the following is NOT correct with regard to Alexander's realm?
- A.
The Seleucid empire was populated only by its indigenous peoples
- B.
The Antigonid empire included Greece and Macedon
- C.
The rulers of the Ptolemaic empire did not interfere in Egyptian society
- D.
Bactria withdrew from the Seleucid empire and established an independent Greek kingdom
Correct Answer
A. The Seleucid empire was populated only by its indigenous peoplesExplanation
The Seleucid empire was not populated only by its indigenous peoples. The empire was formed after the death of Alexander the Great and included territories from different regions, including Persia, Mesopotamia, and parts of India. The Seleucids ruled over a diverse population that consisted of various ethnic and cultural groups.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which of the following was true of the religions of salvation in Hellenistic society?
- A.
They promised the possibility of eternal bliss and faith in them spread along the trade routes
- B.
Many included the belief in a savior who dies and is resurrected
- C.
The cult of Osiris became one of the most popular
- D.
All of these answers are correct
Correct Answer
D. All of these answers are correctExplanation
During the Hellenistic period, religions of salvation emerged that offered the promise of eternal bliss. These religions gained popularity as they spread along the trade routes. Additionally, many of these religions included the belief in a savior figure who dies and is resurrected, mirroring the story of Jesus in Christianity. Among these religions, the cult of Osiris became particularly popular. Therefore, all of the given answers are correct as they accurately describe different aspects of the religions of salvation in Hellenistic society.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The most respected and influential of the Hellenistic philosophers were
- A.
The Epicureans
- B.
The Aristotelians
- C.
The Stoics
- D.
The Skeptics
Correct Answer
C. The StoicsExplanation
The Stoics were the most respected and influential of the Hellenistic philosophers because of their emphasis on living a virtuous life in accordance with nature. They believed in the importance of self-control, rationality, and acceptance of one's fate. Their teachings had a profound impact on various aspects of society, including ethics, politics, and psychology. The Stoics' philosophy resonated with many individuals and their ideas continue to be studied and appreciated today.Rate this question:
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- 24.
By 327 B.C.E. Alexander's troops refused to go any further from home after they reached
- A.
Egypt
- B.
Bactria
- C.
China
- D.
None of these answers are correct
Correct Answer
D. None of these answers are correctExplanation
The given statement suggests that Alexander's troops refused to go any further from home after they reached a certain place. However, none of the options provided (Egypt, Bactria, China) are correct as the statement does not specify the exact location where the troops stopped.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which of the following is NOT true with regard to Alexandria of Egypt?
- A.
It had one of the largest libraries in the ancient world
- B.
It was the commercial center of the Mediterranean
- C.
It was the cultural capital of the Hellenistic world
- D.
It was originally a colony of Athens
Correct Answer
D. It was originally a colony of AthensExplanation
Alexandria of Egypt was not originally a colony of Athens. It was founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC and became the capital of his empire. While Athens did have colonies in other parts of the Mediterranean, Alexandria was not one of them.Rate this question:
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