Bentley Ch. 10 Test

The correct answer is expert and fearless seafarers. In Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the ancient Greeks were often depicted as skilled and brave sailors. The epic poems frequently mention their journeys across the Aegean Sea, their encounters with various islands and coastal regions, and their ability to navigate the treacherous waters. Additionally, the Greeks relied heavily on their naval power during the Trojan War, showcasing their proficiency in maritime warfare. This portrayal aligns with historical evidence of the Greeks' strong maritime culture and their dominance in the Mediterranean Sea during ancient times.

Pericles was a prominent leader in Athens during the 5th century BCE and is widely known for his contributions to the development and flourishing of Athenian democracy. He implemented various reforms that expanded democratic participation and strengthened the power of the Athenian assembly. Pericles also played a crucial role in promoting the arts and architecture, making Athens a cultural and intellectual center. Under his leadership, Athens experienced a period of unprecedented political and cultural achievements, making Pericles the correct answer for the question.

The given statement suggests that Alexander's troops refused to go any further from home after they reached a certain place. However, none of the options provided (Egypt, Bactria, China) are correct as the statement does not specify the exact location where the troops stopped.

During the Hellenistic period, religions of salvation emerged that offered the promise of eternal bliss. These religions gained popularity as they spread along the trade routes. Additionally, many of these religions included the belief in a savior figure who dies and is resurrected, mirroring the story of Jesus in Christianity. Among these religions, the cult of Osiris became particularly popular. Therefore, all of the given answers are correct as they accurately describe different aspects of the religions of salvation in Hellenistic society.

Greek theater has its strongest connection to the cult of Dionysus. This is because Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and fertility, was closely associated with theater and its rituals. The cult of Dionysus involved the performance of plays, often in the form of tragedies and comedies, as a way to honor and worship the god. The festivals dedicated to Dionysus, such as the Dionysia in Athens, were important events in ancient Greek society and provided a platform for theatrical performances. Therefore, it can be concluded that the cult of Dionysus had the strongest connection to Greek theater.

The origin of drama can be traced back to women dancing to honor Dionysus. Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and fertility, was often celebrated through religious rituals and festivals. During these festivities, women would perform dances and rituals in honor of Dionysus, which eventually evolved into the theatrical performances we know as drama today. This form of entertainment became popular and gradually developed into a more structured and scripted art form, involving both men and women. The influence of Dionysian rituals on drama is well-documented in ancient Greek history.

During the time period mentioned, the Greek population experienced significant growth, leading to overcrowding and limited resources. This population pressure likely pushed the Greeks to seek new lands and establish colonies along the Mediterranean and Black Sea shores. The need for more space and resources would have been the primary driving force behind this movement.

In classical Greece, one of the public professions that was open to women was that of a priestess. Women were allowed to hold positions as priestesses in various temples and perform religious duties. This role gave them some level of authority and influence within the community. However, it is important to note that this opportunity was limited to religious roles and did not extend to other professions.

The Delian League was created to discourage further Persian invasions. This alliance of Greek city-states was formed after the Persian Wars to provide mutual defense and protection against future Persian attacks. The member states contributed resources and military forces to build a strong naval fleet, which acted as a deterrent to any potential Persian invasions. The league also aimed to maintain peace within the Greek world by preventing conflicts and promoting cooperation among its members. However, over time, the league became dominated by Athens and transformed into an empire, using its power to further its own interests rather than solely defending against Persia.

Slaves in Maya culture were used for human sacrifice, while slaves in Sparta provided the agricultural labor necessary to feed the polis.

Alexandria of Egypt was not originally a colony of Athens. It was founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC and became the capital of his empire. While Athens did have colonies in other parts of the Mediterranean, Alexandria was not one of them.

The Stoics were the most respected and influential of the Hellenistic philosophers because of their emphasis on living a virtuous life in accordance with nature. They believed in the importance of self-control, rationality, and acceptance of one's fate. Their teachings had a profound impact on various aspects of society, including ethics, politics, and psychology. The Stoics' philosophy resonated with many individuals and their ideas continue to be studied and appreciated today.

The given answer suggests that the Athenian democracy was highly democratic. It implies that all citizens, regardless of their social status or wealth, were eligible to participate in the city councils. This indicates a broad inclusion of citizens in the political decision-making process, which is a fundamental aspect of democracy.

Greek colonization actually had a positive impact on trade and commerce. As the Greeks established colonies in various regions, they developed trade networks and expanded their commercial activities. These colonies became important trading hubs, facilitating the exchange of goods and ideas between different regions. Therefore, it can be concluded that Greek colonization did not disrupt trade and commerce, making it the correct answer choice.

The correct answer is the Minoan society. The explanation is that archaeologists examine vivid frescoes from the Minoan society to reveal life in that society. The mention of beautiful young people at play, wealthy couples at home, and ships laden with luxurious cargo suggests a prosperous and sophisticated society, which aligns with what is known about the Minoans. The fact that their written language is yet to be deciphered further supports the idea that archaeologists rely on visual representations like frescoes to understand Minoan society.

The Phoenician civilization had the greatest impact on the Greek written language. The Phoenicians were skilled traders and navigators who established colonies across the Mediterranean, including in Greece. They introduced their writing system, known as the Phoenician alphabet, to the Greeks, who adapted it to create their own alphabet. This alphabet became the foundation for the Greek written language and influenced the development of many other alphabets in the Western world.

In Homer's works, common themes include outspoken wives, heroic warriors, and constant conflict between characters. However, weak and easily influenced human beings are not commonly portrayed in his works.

Salvation cults of the Hellenistic era promised believers a rewarding afterlife, which was not available through Greek philosophy or traditional religion. Greek philosophy focused more on ethical systems for living and the pursuit of knowledge, while traditional religion emphasized rituals and appeasing the gods. The salvation cults offered a unique concept of an afterlife that provided hope and reassurance to believers, offering the promise of a rewarding existence beyond death. This aspect set them apart from other belief systems of the time.

Tyrants came to power in many Greek poleis as a result of popular support. This means that the general population of the city-states favored and backed these tyrants, allowing them to rise to power. The support could have been due to various reasons such as dissatisfaction with the current ruling system, promises of reforms or improvements, or charismatic leadership. The popular support gave tyrants the necessary backing and legitimacy to seize power and establish their rule.

Greek colonization throughout the Mediterranean basin was mainly motivated by the strained resources of the mountainous Balkan Peninsula. The limited agricultural land and lack of natural resources in the Balkans pushed the Greeks to seek new territories for trade, agriculture, and settlement. The Greeks established colonies in various regions to secure new sources of food, raw materials, and trade routes. This expansion also provided opportunities for the growing population and alleviated the pressure on the limited resources of the Balkan Peninsula.

The Persian Wars resulted in the splintering of Greek unity after the Persian defeat, which set the stage for the rise of Macedon. This is because the wars weakened the Greek city-states and led to a power vacuum in Greece. As a result, Philip II of Macedon was able to take advantage of the situation and eventually conquer Greece. The division and disunity among the Greek city-states made it easier for Macedon to assert its dominance and lay the foundation for the later conquests of Alexander the Great.

Helots in Sparta were a class of unfree individuals who were tied to the land and worked for the benefit of their Spartan masters. While they were not considered citizens and did not have the same rights as Spartans, they were not bought and sold as property like chattel slaves. This key difference highlights that helots were not treated as mere commodities to be bought, sold, or traded, but rather as a labor force that was bound to the land and obligated to serve the Spartan state.

The Seleucid empire was not populated only by its indigenous peoples. The empire was formed after the death of Alexander the Great and included territories from different regions, including Persia, Mesopotamia, and parts of India. The Seleucids ruled over a diverse population that consisted of various ethnic and cultural groups.

The Hellenistic philosophers would have most agreed with Hindu thinking in the UPANISHADS regarding duty because both emphasized the importance of fulfilling one's duties in order to achieve inner peace and tranquillity. Both philosophies valued reason and logic as a means to attain spiritual enlightenment and harmony. The UPANISHADS, like Hellenistic philosophy, focused on the individual's responsibility to fulfill their duties and obligations in order to lead a virtuous and meaningful life. Thus, the Hellenistic philosophers would have found common ground with Hindu thinking in the UPANISHADS when it comes to the concept of duty.

Many of the Greek city-states were under the collective rule of local nobles, which means that power and governance were often concentrated in the hands of a small group of aristocrats or wealthy individuals. This is in contrast to the city-states of Mesopotamia and Mesoamerica, where power may have been more centralized or held by a single ruler. The collective rule of local nobles in Greek city-states allowed for a more distributed form of governance and potentially greater influence for the aristocracy.