Baze Podataka Drugi Kol

The correct answer is DISTINCT. The question is asking for an explanation of the correct answer choice. The DISTINCT keyword is used in a SELECT statement to eliminate duplicate rows from the result set. It ensures that only unique values are returned. In this case, the question is asking for a query that will eliminate duplicate records in the table that the SELECT statement is retrieving. The UNION, ALL, and UNLIKE keywords do not have the same functionality as DISTINCT and would not achieve the desired result.

The correct answer is "baze podataka" because integrity rules are defined within a database. These rules ensure that the data in the database remains accurate, consistent, and valid. By defining integrity rules, the database can enforce constraints on data entry and manipulation, preventing any unauthorized or incorrect changes to the data. Therefore, the integrity rules are an essential part of the database management system.

The correct answer is "Select,From,Where,Group by,Having,Order by". This is the correct order of the keywords in a general form of a select query. "Select" is used to specify the columns to be retrieved, "From" is used to specify the table from which the data is retrieved, "Where" is used to specify the conditions for retrieving the data, "Group by" is used to group the data based on certain columns, "Having" is used to specify conditions on the grouped data, and finally "Order by" is used to specify the sorting order of the retrieved data.

A digital image of a real-world object that is significant for an information system is referred to as a model-object. This term implies that the image represents a specific object or entity in the real world and is used within an information system to provide a representation or simulation of that object. This can be useful for various purposes such as visualization, analysis, or manipulation of the object within the information system.

The correct answer is "broj n-torki jedne tabele koji su u relaciji sa jednom n-torkom druge tabele." This answer refers to the cardinality of a relationship, which is the number of tuples from one table that are related to one tuple from another table.

The correct answer is "Skup dozvoljenih vrednosti koje neki atribut moze uzeti" which translates to "The set of allowed values that an attribute can take." This explanation aligns with the concept of attribute domain in database management systems, where an attribute is defined by a set of possible values it can have.

The correct answer is the first option: SELECT ime FROM tab1 WHERE ime LIKE "%a%b%" OR ime LIKE "%b%a%". This query uses the LIKE operator with wildcard characters (%) to search for all names that contain both the letters "a" and "b". The OR operator is used to include names that have "a" followed by "b" or "b" followed by "a".

The correct answer is "normalizacija." Normalizacija je postupak dekompozicije tabele s ciljem postizanja dobrih osobina relacionog modela i uklanjanja moguće pojave nekontrolisane redundanse. Ovaj postupak se koristi kako bi se osigurala strukturalna integritet baze podataka i smanjila redundancija podataka. Normalizacija pomaže u organizaciji podataka na način koji olakšava upite, smanjuje mogućnost grešaka i održava doslednost podataka.

The given SQL query is selecting the columns "ime" and "imeod" from the tables "radnik" and "odeljenje" respectively. It is using a join condition "radnik.brod = odeljenje.brod" to join the two tables. Additionally, it is applying a filter condition "radnik.ime LIKE 'A%'" to select only those records where the "ime" column starts with the letter 'A'. Since the table "radnik" has 1000 records and the table "odeljenje" has 100 records, the result of this query will have a maximum of 1000 records. Therefore, the correct answer is "1000 zapisa".

When translating an E-R model, binary relationships of type 1:1 and 1:N are expressed using foreign keys, while relationships of type M:N are expressed using a junction table. This means that for 1:1 and 1:N relationships, the foreign key is used to establish the connection between the entities, while for M:N relationships, a separate table is created to represent the relationship.

In the given E-R model, the statement "RACUN je cvrsti objekat, a Stavka slabi" means that "RACUN" is a strong entity and "Stavka" is a weak entity. This implies that "RACUN" has its own independent existence and can exist without any associated "Stavka" entity. On the other hand, "Stavka" depends on the existence of a "RACUN" entity and cannot exist without it.

The ORDER BY clause is always the last clause in a SELECT statement. It is used to sort the result set based on one or more columns in ascending or descending order. This allows the user to control the order in which the rows are displayed in the final result set.

The correct answer is "veze tipa M:N". The explanation for this answer is that unlike the hierarchical model, the network model allows for many-to-many relationships (M:N). In the network model, records are connected through sets of relationships, and each record can have multiple connections to other records. This allows for more flexibility in representing complex relationships between entities in an information system.

The correct answer is "Elementarni Objekti" because in the given list of entities, "Elementarni Objekti" is the only option that refers to individual objects or elements. The other options such as "Skup Baze" (database set), "Tabele" (tables), and "Skup tabela" (table set) are more general terms that do not specifically refer to individual objects. Therefore, "Elementarni Objekti" is the most appropriate choice as it represents the specific entities in this context.

If attribute A1 of table A uniquely identifies attribute B1 of table B, then they are in a 1:1 relationship.

The correct answer is "virtuelna tabela sa imenom." This means that the "Pogled" (view) is a virtual table that has a name. In a database, a view is a virtual table that is based on the result of a query. It allows users to retrieve and manipulate data from multiple tables as if it were a single table. The fact that the view has a name distinguishes it from an unnamed virtual table.

The given correct answer, "Dupliciranje podataka" in English means "Data duplication." This refers to the practice of storing multiple copies of the same data in a system. Data duplication can occur due to various reasons such as poor data management, lack of data integration, or redundancy in data storage. Duplicating data can lead to inconsistencies, increased storage requirements, and difficulties in data updates and maintenance.

The given answer is "egzistencijalno i identifikacijski" which means that the object STAVKA depends on the existence and identification of the object RACUN. This implies that the existence of the STAVKA object is tied to the existence of the RACUN object, and the identification of the STAVKA object is determined by the identification of the RACUN object. In other words, without a RACUN object, there can be no STAVKA object, and the identification of the STAVKA object is directly linked to the identification of the RACUN object.

The correct answer is the third option. In this query, the SELECT statement is used to select the desired attributes from the specified relations. The WHERE clause is used to filter the rows based on certain conditions. The GROUP BY clause is used to group the result set by a specific attribute. The HAVING clause is used to filter the grouped rows based on certain conditions. Finally, the ORDER BY clause is used to sort the result set based on a specific attribute.

Indeksi omogućavaju direktan pristup podacima u tabeli putem atributa koji su indeksirani. This means that indexes allow direct access to data in a table through indexed attributes. By indexing specific attributes, the database system can quickly locate the desired data without having to sequentially search through the entire table. This improves the efficiency of data retrieval operations.

The image represents a 1:1 cardinality, which means that each entity on one side of the relationship is associated with only one entity on the other side, and vice versa. This indicates a one-to-one relationship between the entities involved, where each entity has a unique and exclusive connection with another entity.

The correct answer is "insert, select, delete, update". These are the common data manipulation statements used in databases. "Insert" is used to add new data into a table, "select" is used to retrieve data from a table, "delete" is used to remove data from a table, and "update" is used to modify existing data in a table. The other options mentioned in the question either include additional statements that are not part of data manipulation or exclude some of the essential data manipulation statements.

A named virtual table whose definition is stored as an object in the database is called a "pogled" (view).

The correct answer is "nekontrolisane redundanse" (uncontrolled redundancies). This means that anomalies in data entry, deletion, and modification occur as a result of having redundant data that is not properly controlled. Redundancies can lead to inconsistencies and errors in the data, making it difficult to maintain data integrity and accuracy.

The correct answer is "jedinstvenost i minimalnost." To be a candidate for a primary key, an attribute must have uniqueness, meaning that each value in the attribute must be distinct and different from any other value in the same attribute. Additionally, it must have minimalness, which means that no subset of the attribute can uniquely identify a tuple in the relation. Therefore, the attribute must be both unique and minimal to be a candidate for a primary key.

The correct answer is 4,2,1,3. This order represents the chronological appearance of the models from the first generation to the fourth. The relational model (1) was the first to emerge, followed by the hierarchical and network model (2), then the object-oriented model (3), and finally the model based on programming languages (4).

Referencijalni integritet je definicija za spoljni ključ koji je podskup skupa primarnog ključa. Ovo znači da kada se koristi spoljni ključ u jednoj tabeli, on mora referisati na postojeći primarni ključ u drugoj tabeli. Ova veza osigurava da se podaci integriteta održavaju u bazi podataka, sprečavajući unos pogrešnih ili nedoslednih podataka.

In the network model of a database, relationships between entities are represented by interconnected records, called sets. In this model, M:N relationships can be implemented without the need for a junction table. Instead, each record can directly link to multiple related records. This allows for more flexibility in representing complex relationships between entities. In contrast, the relational model typically requires a junction table to represent M:N relationships.

The correct answer includes a list of different types of entities: real objects, abstract concepts, events, and associations. These are all examples of different types of entities that can exist in a system or domain. Real objects refer to tangible physical objects, while abstract concepts are intangible ideas or concepts. Events represent specific occurrences or happenings, and associations refer to relationships or connections between entities.

The correct answer is "binarne veze tipa 1:N" because it states that there is a binary relationship between the tables NASTAVNIK and PREDMET, where one NASTAVNIK can teach multiple PREDMETs, but each PREDMET is taught by only one NASTAVNIK. This means that the relationship between the two tables is one-to-many, where one NASTAVNIK can be associated with multiple PREDMETs, but each PREDMET can only be associated with one NASTAVNIK.

The correct answer is "i referencijalni integritet i integritet entiteta u bazi podataka". This answer states that according to Prema Codd, the rules of database integrity are defined in both the referential integrity and entity integrity in the database. This means that the integrity of the relationships between tables and the integrity of the individual entities within the tables are both important for maintaining data consistency and accuracy in the database.

The correct answer is "selekcija, projekcija i spajanje". These are all operators commonly used in database query languages. "Selekcija" refers to the operation of selecting certain rows from a table based on specified conditions. "Projekcija" refers to the operation of selecting certain columns from a table. "Spajanje" refers to the operation of combining two or more tables based on a common attribute. These operators are fundamental in retrieving and manipulating data from a database.

The given statement suggests that every non-key attribute in the relation is functionally dependent on the primary key. This condition satisfies the requirements of the second normal form (2NF). In 2NF, all non-key attributes must be functionally dependent on the entire primary key, rather than just a portion of it. Therefore, the relation is in the second normal form.

The correct answer is "create view, create index, create table". These are all examples of data definition statements in SQL. "Create view" is used to create a virtual table based on the result of a query. "Create index" is used to create an index on a table to improve query performance. "Create table" is used to create a new table in the database.

In the first normal form (1NF), all the values of the attributes in a relation are atomic, meaning they cannot be further divided into smaller components. This means that each attribute in a relation should contain only a single value and cannot have multiple values or be a composite attribute. Therefore, if all the values of the attributes in a relation are atomic, it is in the first normal form.

The correct answer is "Select". In SQL, the SELECT statement is used to retrieve data from a database. It allows you to specify which columns or attributes you want to retrieve in the result set. The SELECT statement can be used to extract specific attributes or all attributes from a table, depending on the requirements of the query.

The correct answer is "Grant." Grant is a command used in database management systems to give specific privileges or permissions to users or roles. It is a control function that allows administrators to define who can access and manipulate data within a database. The other options listed (Alter Table, Delete, and Select) are not control functions but rather data manipulation or data definition commands.

The correct answer is the first option: "SELECT brod, posao, count(*) FROM radnik GROUP BY brod, posao HAVING count(*)>1;". This query selects the columns "brod" and "posao" from the table "radnik", and then groups the rows by the values in the "brod" and "posao" columns. It then counts the number of rows in each group using the count(*) function. Finally, it filters the groups to only include those with a count greater than 1 using the HAVING clause. This query will return the "brod" and "posao" values that appear more than once in the table.

The given statement implies that the combination of the relation name, primary key value, and attribute name uniquely identifies an atomic data item. This means that each individual data item within a relation can be uniquely identified using these three pieces of information.

The correct answer is M:M, which represents a many-to-many cardinality relationship. This means that multiple entities from one table can be associated with multiple entities from another table. In this case, both tables have a many-to-many relationship with each other, indicating that multiple entities from the first table can be linked to multiple entities from the second table, and vice versa.

The correct answer is "unarne veze 1:1". This means that there is a one-to-one relationship between the tuples in the table GRADANIN. Each tuple represents a person and has a unique matbr (maticni broj) attribute. The matbr2 attribute represents the maticni broj of the spouse of that person, and it is also unique. Therefore, each person in the table is associated with one and only one spouse, and each spouse is associated with one and only one person.

The correct answer states that the set of values of the foreign key in relation R1 must be a subset of the set of values of the primary key in relation R2, where relations R1 and R2 do not have to be different. This means that the values in the foreign key column of relation R1 must exist in the primary key column of relation R2, but it is not necessary for R1 and R2 to be different relations. In other words, the foreign key in R1 references the primary key in R2, ensuring referential integrity between the two relations.

Integritet entiteta refers to the integrity constraints that ensure the correctness and consistency of data within a database. The given answer states that neither a part nor the entire primary key can have a NULL value. This is a valid explanation as NULL values are not allowed in primary keys, as they are used to uniquely identify records in a table, and having NULL values would defeat this purpose.

The correct answer implies that in the table RADNIK, there are no multiple workers with the same name and the same job. This means that each worker in the table has a unique combination of name and job.

The correct answer is "Zapis". In Serbian language, "zapis" means "record" or "entry". Therefore, the skup svih vrednosti elementarnih obelezja, which translates to "set of all values of elementary features", can be understood as a record or entry that represents the values associated with an object.

The given answer states that if the non-key attributes in the table are neither functionally nor transitively dependent on the key attributes, then the relation is in the third normal form. This means that all non-key attributes are determined solely by the key attributes and there are no dependencies among the non-key attributes themselves.

The correct answer is the physical implementation of the adopted database model. This means that after designing the database model, the next step is to physically create the database structure and populate it with data. This involves creating tables, defining relationships, and setting up constraints. The physical implementation ensures that the database model is translated into an actual functioning database that can be accessed and manipulated.

The correct answer is "minimalan broj instanci entiteta koji mogu a ne moraju da ucestvuju u vezi". This means that the minimal cardinality determines the minimum number of instances of an entity that can optionally participate in a relationship. In other words, it indicates the minimum number of instances that may or may not be involved in the relationship.

The correct answer is "unije, presek i razlika" which translates to "union, intersection, and difference" in English. These are all operators used in set theory and database operations. The union operator combines two sets and returns a set containing all the elements from both sets. The intersection operator returns a set containing only the elements that are common to both sets. The difference operator returns a set containing only the elements that are in the first set but not in the second set. Therefore, all three operators mentioned in the answer are suitable for updating sets.

The correct answer is "svi objekti postaju relacije a svaka veza može ali ne mora da postane relacija" which translates to "all objects become relations and each relationship can but does not have to become a relation". This means that when translating an E-R model to a relational form, all objects are represented as relations, but each relationship may or may not be represented as a relation.