Baze Podataka - I Kolokvijum

1. U nestruktuirane podatke se svrstavaju:

dokumenti, mape, fotografije, zvuk, video zapisi

brojevi, karakteri, datumi, novčani podaci

realni brojevi, decimalni brojevi, imaginarni brojevi

realni brojevi sa promenljivom dužinom za decimalna mesta

The correct answer includes various types of unstructured data such as documents, maps, photographs, sound, and video recordings. Unstructured data refers to data that does not have a predefined format or organization, making it more challenging to process and analyze compared to structured data.

Explanation

The correct answer includes various types of unstructured data such as documents, maps, photographs, sound, and video recordings. Unstructured data refers to data that does not have a predefined format or organization, making it more challenging to process and analyze compared to structured data.

2. Najefikasniji način za dobijanje podataka iz relacionih baza podataka je:

postavljanje upita

pregledanje rekorda u bazi podataka

obavezno sortiranje podataka pri unosu

primena algoritma polovljenja intervala pri pregledanju sortiranih rekorda

The most efficient way to retrieve data from relational databases is by using queries. Queries allow users to specify the criteria for the data they want to retrieve, which reduces the amount of unnecessary data that needs to be processed. By using queries, users can retrieve specific data quickly and efficiently, without having to manually browse through all the records in the database. Sorting data during input or applying interval halving algorithms during the browsing of sorted records are not the most effective methods for retrieving data from relational databases.

Explanation

The most efficient way to retrieve data from relational databases is by using queries. Queries allow users to specify the criteria for the data they want to retrieve, which reduces the amount of unnecessary data that needs to be processed. By using queries, users can retrieve specific data quickly and efficiently, without having to manually browse through all the records in the database. Sorting data during input or applying interval halving algorithms during the browsing of sorted records are not the most effective methods for retrieving data from relational databases.

3. U hijerarhijskom modelu podataka:

jedan roditelj može da ima više naslednika

jedan naslednik može da ima više roditelja

jedan naslednik može da ima dva roditelja

jedan roditelj može da ima jednog naslednika

In a hierarchical data model, one parent can have multiple children. This means that a parent entity can have multiple child entities associated with it. This is a characteristic of hierarchical models, where a parent entity can have a one-to-many relationship with its child entities. Each child entity has only one parent, but a parent can have multiple children. This allows for a hierarchical structure where entities are organized in a tree-like structure with parent-child relationships.

Explanation

In a hierarchical data model, one parent can have multiple children. This means that a parent entity can have multiple child entities associated with it. This is a characteristic of hierarchical models, where a parent entity can have a one-to-many relationship with its child entities. Each child entity has only one parent, but a parent can have multiple children. This allows for a hierarchical structure where entities are organized in a tree-like structure with parent-child relationships.

4. Predefinisani domen je:

CHAR{30}

JMBG

BR.IND

REG.BR

The correct answer is CHAR{30}. This means that the predefined domain for the given question is a character string with a maximum length of 30 characters.

Explanation

The correct answer is CHAR{30}. This means that the predefined domain for the given question is a character string with a maximum length of 30 characters.

5. Obeležiti složen atribut:

The correct answer is "Adresa (Ulica, Broj, Grad)". This is because "Adresa" is a complex attribute that consists of three sub-attributes: "Ulica" (street), "Broj" (number), and "Grad" (city). These sub-attributes provide more detailed information about the address, allowing for a more precise representation of the data.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Adresa (Ulica, Broj, Grad)". This is because "Adresa" is a complex attribute that consists of three sub-attributes: "Ulica" (street), "Broj" (number), and "Grad" (city). These sub-attributes provide more detailed information about the address, allowing for a more precise representation of the data.

6. Obeležiti složen atribut:

Ocena

DatumRodjenja

Fakultet

JMBG

The correct answer is "DatumRodjenja" because it is a complex attribute that consists of multiple sub-attributes such as day, month, and year. This attribute requires additional information to fully describe it, unlike the other options which are single attributes that do not require further breakdown.

Explanation

The correct answer is "DatumRodjenja" because it is a complex attribute that consists of multiple sub-attributes such as day, month, and year. This attribute requires additional information to fully describe it, unlike the other options which are single attributes that do not require further breakdown.

7. Veza između entiteta Dekan i Student je:

jedan prema jedan (1:1)

jedan prema više (1:*)

više prema jedan (*:1)

više prema više (*:*)

The relationship between the entities Dekan and Student is "one to many" (1:*). This means that one Dekan can have multiple Students associated with them, but each Student can only have one Dekan. This type of relationship is commonly seen in situations where one entity has control or authority over multiple instances of another entity. In this case, the Dekan is likely responsible for overseeing and managing a group of Students.

Explanation

The relationship between the entities Dekan and Student is "one to many" (1:*). This means that one Dekan can have multiple Students associated with them, but each Student can only have one Dekan. This type of relationship is commonly seen in situations where one entity has control or authority over multiple instances of another entity. In this case, the Dekan is likely responsible for overseeing and managing a group of Students.

8. Šta je informacija?

Skup struktuiranih i nestruktuiranih podataka

Skup podataka, koji može da se ažurira i nad kojima se mogu postavljati upiti

Zapisani podatak u bazi podataka na disku

Obrađeni podatak nakon čega se znanje osobe koja koristi podatak povećalo

Information is defined as processed data that increases the knowledge of the person using it. This means that information is not just raw data, but data that has been analyzed and interpreted in a way that adds value and understanding. Therefore, the correct answer is "Obrađeni podatak nakon čega se znanje osobe koja koristi podatak povećalo."

Explanation

Information is defined as processed data that increases the knowledge of the person using it. This means that information is not just raw data, but data that has been analyzed and interpreted in a way that adds value and understanding. Therefore, the correct answer is "Obrađeni podatak nakon čega se znanje osobe koja koristi podatak povećalo."

9. Ako se jedan podatak pojavljuje dva ili više puta u bazi podataka:

to predstavlja nepoželjnu redudansu, što može dovesti do gubitka podataka i do nekonzistentnosti baze podataka

to predstavlja poželjnu redudansu, jer se višestruko zapisani podaci ne mogu lako izgubiti

to olakšava kreiranje algoritama na aplikativnom nivou za pristup željenim podacima

to dovodi do sporijeg pristupa (neefikasnost) željenim podacima u bazi podataka

When a piece of data appears multiple times in a database, it represents undesirable redundancy, which can lead to data loss and inconsistency in the database.

Explanation

When a piece of data appears multiple times in a database, it represents undesirable redundancy, which can lead to data loss and inconsistency in the database.

10. Opis logike primitivnih procesa počinje i završava:

naredbom INCLUDE kojom se uključuju osnovne biblioteke i naredbom RETURN kojom se vraća u glavni program

naredbom VOID ImePrimitivnogProcesa()

naredbama BEGIN i END između kojih se nalazi opis primitivnog procesa

naredbama za definisanje početnih vrednosti korišćenih promenljivih

The logic of primitive processes is described between the BEGIN and END statements, which contain the description of the primitive process. This is where the actual code for the process is written and executed. The other options mentioned, such as the INCLUDE and RETURN statements, are used for including libraries and returning to the main program, but they do not directly define the logic of the primitive process. The VOID ImePrimitivnogProcesa() statement is a function declaration, but it does not provide the actual code for the process. Therefore, the correct answer is the option that mentions the BEGIN and END statements.

Explanation

The logic of primitive processes is described between the BEGIN and END statements, which contain the description of the primitive process. This is where the actual code for the process is written and executed. The other options mentioned, such as the INCLUDE and RETURN statements, are used for including libraries and returning to the main program, but they do not directly define the logic of the primitive process. The VOID ImePrimitivnogProcesa() statement is a function declaration, but it does not provide the actual code for the process. Therefore, the correct answer is the option that mentions the BEGIN and END statements.

11. Nastanak baza podataka - patent za automatsku obradu podataka, vezuje se za:

Charles-a Babbage-a

Howard-a Aiken-a

Herman-a Holerith-a

Alan-a Turing-a

Herman Holerith is credited with the creation of the first mechanical tabulating machine, which was used for data processing. This invention marked the beginning of the development of databases. Holerith's machine was used to process data from the US Census, demonstrating its effectiveness in handling large amounts of information. His invention laid the foundation for future advancements in data processing and storage, leading to the creation of modern databases.

Explanation

Herman Holerith is credited with the creation of the first mechanical tabulating machine, which was used for data processing. This invention marked the beginning of the development of databases. Holerith's machine was used to process data from the US Census, demonstrating its effectiveness in handling large amounts of information. His invention laid the foundation for future advancements in data processing and storage, leading to the creation of modern databases.

12. Veza između DEKAN i FAKULTET je:

1:1 (jedan prema jedan)

1:N (jedan prema više)

M:1 (više prema jedan)

M:N (više prema više)

The relationship between DEKAN and FAKULTET is a one-to-one relationship. This means that each DEKAN is associated with only one FAKULTET, and each FAKULTET is associated with only one DEKAN. There is a unique and exclusive connection between the two entities, with no duplication or multiple associations on either side.

Explanation

The relationship between DEKAN and FAKULTET is a one-to-one relationship. This means that each DEKAN is associated with only one FAKULTET, and each FAKULTET is associated with only one DEKAN. There is a unique and exclusive connection between the two entities, with no duplication or multiple associations on either side.

13. Šta je podatak?

Činjenica o nekom predmetu i/ili događaju koja se može zabeležiti i sačuvati na računaru

Rezultat obrade više različitih informacija

Činjenica koja se ne može promeniti (konstanta), a može da poprimi NULL vrednost

Numerički izražena vrednost atributa, može biti različitog tipa

The correct answer is "Činjenica o nekom predmetu i/ili događaju koja se može zabeležiti i sačuvati na računaru." This answer defines data as a fact about an object or event that can be recorded and stored on a computer.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Činjenica o nekom predmetu i/ili događaju koja se može zabeležiti i sačuvati na računaru." This answer defines data as a fact about an object or event that can be recorded and stored on a computer.

14. Šta su metapodaci?

Podaci koji mogu poprimiti NULL vrednost, do trenutka unošenja konkretnih podataka

Podaci koji imaju ograničen vek trajanja i često se menjaju od strane aplikativnih programa

Podaci koji opisuju svojstva ili karakteristike podataka krajnjih korisnika i kontekst tih podataka

Popularni naziv za različite tipove podataka krajnjih korisnika

Metapodaci su podaci koji opisuju svojstva ili karakteristike podataka krajnjih korisnika i kontekst tih podataka. Metapodaci pružaju dodatne informacije o podacima, kao što su njihov format, struktura, vrednost, autor, datum kreiranja i slično. Oni pomažu korisnicima da bolje razumeju i tumače podatke, kao i da ih efikasnije koriste u različitim kontekstima.

Explanation

Metapodaci su podaci koji opisuju svojstva ili karakteristike podataka krajnjih korisnika i kontekst tih podataka. Metapodaci pružaju dodatne informacije o podacima, kao što su njihov format, struktura, vrednost, autor, datum kreiranja i slično. Oni pomažu korisnicima da bolje razumeju i tumače podatke, kao i da ih efikasnije koriste u različitim kontekstima.

15. Registar korisnika određuje:

ko može da pristupi podacima, kojim podacima i šta može sa njima da radi

redosled prijavljivanja korisnika za rad nad jedinstvenom bazom podataka

broj korisnika koji mogu da unose metapodatke za definisanje rada baze podataka

username i password za definisanje objekata baze podataka

The registrar of users determines who can access the data, which data they can access, and what actions they can perform with the data.

Explanation

The registrar of users determines who can access the data, which data they can access, and what actions they can perform with the data.

16. Karakteristično za klasičan sistem baza, zasnovan na datotekama i programskim jezicima je:

nakon promene programera lako se može nastaviti razvoj aplikacija

teško se mogu koristiti prethodna razvojna dostignuća, razvoj je uvek od početka

nastavak razvoja aplikacija je jednostavan jer postoji veliki broj programera

lako je nastaviti razvoj aplikacija, ako se ne menja programski jezik

In a classical file-based and programming language-based system, it is difficult to use previous development achievements and the development process always starts from the beginning. This means that any progress made in previous development efforts cannot be easily utilized or built upon, requiring developers to start from scratch each time. This lack of reusability and continuity in development is a characteristic of such systems.

Explanation

In a classical file-based and programming language-based system, it is difficult to use previous development achievements and the development process always starts from the beginning. This means that any progress made in previous development efforts cannot be easily utilized or built upon, requiring developers to start from scratch each time. This lack of reusability and continuity in development is a characteristic of such systems.

17. U relaciji Službenik (JMBG, Ime, Adresa, Položaj, Medalja) karakteristično je sledeće:

nedostaje atribut Telefon

moguće je da se pojave dve identične n-torke

relacija je prekomplikovana i nepregledna

javlja se veliki broj NULL vrednosti za atribut Medalja

The given answer suggests that in the relation "Službenik" (Employee), there is a large number of NULL values for the attribute "Medalja" (Medal). This means that many employees do not have a value assigned to the "Medalja" attribute, indicating that they have not received any medals.

Explanation

The given answer suggests that in the relation "Službenik" (Employee), there is a large number of NULL values for the attribute "Medalja" (Medal). This means that many employees do not have a value assigned to the "Medalja" attribute, indicating that they have not received any medals.

18. Baze podataka su:

skup osnovnih (bazičnih) tipova podataka, kojima se pristupa iz viših programskih jezika (C, C++, JAVA, PHP, JSC, JSP)

organizovani skup logički povezanih podataka, koji se održava i koje koristi više korisnika ili programa

skup podataka koji se skladište na sigurnom mestu, a pristupaju im isključivo administratori sistema

osnovni skup podataka iz koga se definišu novi podaci pomoću Data Base Management System-a (sistema za upravljanje bazama podataka)

Baze podataka su organizovani skup logički povezanih podataka, koji se održava i koje koristi više korisnika ili programa. This statement explains that databases are structured collections of logically connected data that are maintained and used by multiple users or programs.

Explanation

Baze podataka su organizovani skup logički povezanih podataka, koji se održava i koje koristi više korisnika ili programa. This statement explains that databases are structured collections of logically connected data that are maintained and used by multiple users or programs.

19. Jak objekat u MOV modelu je:

objekat koji može da egzistira samostalno. Ne zavisi od drugih objekata

objekat koji ima najviše atributa

objekat koji za primarni ključ ima samo jedan atribut

objekat koji se dalje ne može dekomponovati. Svi njegovi atributi su osnovnog tipa

The correct answer is "objekat koji može da egzistira samostalno. Ne zavisi od drugih objekata." This answer suggests that an object in the MOV model is one that can exist independently and does not depend on other objects. In other words, it is self-contained and does not rely on any other objects for its existence or functionality.

Explanation

The correct answer is "objekat koji može da egzistira samostalno. Ne zavisi od drugih objekata." This answer suggests that an object in the MOV model is one that can exist independently and does not depend on other objects. In other words, it is self-contained and does not rely on any other objects for its existence or functionality.

20. Slab objekat u MOV modelu je:

objekat koji se može dekomponovati na bar dva nova objekta

objekat koji se nalazi na kraju DTP analize

objekat koji ne postoji samostalno, a idetifikuje ga jak objekat

objekat koji ne može da stupa u veze sa drugim objektima

The correct answer is "objekat koji ne postoji samostalno, a identifikuje ga jak objekat" which translates to "an object that does not exist independently, but is identified by a strong object." In the MOV model, a slab object is a dependent object that cannot exist on its own and is identified by a more significant object. It relies on the strong object for its existence and cannot function independently.

Explanation

The correct answer is "objekat koji ne postoji samostalno, a identifikuje ga jak objekat" which translates to "an object that does not exist independently, but is identified by a strong object." In the MOV model, a slab object is a dependent object that cannot exist on its own and is identified by a more significant object. It relies on the strong object for its existence and cannot function independently.

21. U šemi relacije STUDENT (BrInd, Ime, Prezime, GodineStarosti, Adresa, Telefon) obeležiti loše izabran atribut:

BrInd

Ime

Prezime

GodineStarosti

Adresa

Telefon

The attribute "GodineStarosti" should be marked as a key attribute in the relation STUDENT. This means that it uniquely identifies each student in the relation. The other attributes (BrInd, Ime, Prezime, Adresa, Telefon) may not be unique for each student, as multiple students can have the same name, address, or phone number. However, each student will have a unique age, so "GodineStarosti" can be used as a primary key in the relation.

Explanation

The attribute "GodineStarosti" should be marked as a key attribute in the relation STUDENT. This means that it uniquely identifies each student in the relation. The other attributes (BrInd, Ime, Prezime, Adresa, Telefon) may not be unique for each student, as multiple students can have the same name, address, or phone number. However, each student will have a unique age, so "GodineStarosti" can be used as a primary key in the relation.

22. U hijerarhijskom modelu podataka ne mogu se predstaviti veze tipa:

1:1 (jedan prema jedan)

1:N (jedan prema više)

1:2 (jedan prema dva)

M:N (više prema više)

In the hierarchical data model, relationships between entities are represented in a parent-child structure, where each child has only one parent. This model does not allow for many-to-many relationships (M:N), where multiple entities from one table can be related to multiple entities in another table. Therefore, M:N relationships cannot be represented in the hierarchical data model.

Explanation

In the hierarchical data model, relationships between entities are represented in a parent-child structure, where each child has only one parent. This model does not allow for many-to-many relationships (M:N), where multiple entities from one table can be related to multiple entities in another table. Therefore, M:N relationships cannot be represented in the hierarchical data model.

23. Entitet po svojoj prirodi predstavlja:

deo okruženja, konkretan objekat, veza između objekata, apstraktni pojam, događaj, asocijacija

isključivo objekat iz realnog sveta koji se može opipati (sto, stolica, automobil, zgrada, fakultet, student i sl.)

softverski alat koji se koristi za održavanje baza podataka

hardver (PC računar, mainframe, notebook, PDA i sl.) na kome se realizuje baza podataka

The correct answer is that an entity, by its nature, represents a part of the environment, a concrete object, a relationship between objects, an abstract concept, an event, or an association.

Explanation

The correct answer is that an entity, by its nature, represents a part of the environment, a concrete object, a relationship between objects, an abstract concept, an event, or an association.

24. Ako se u procesu modelovanja uoči premalo atributa, to znači da je:

model jednostavan, njegova verodostojnost mala, ograničena je upotrebljivost informacija

model jednostavan, njegova verodostojnost velika i omogućava dobijanje efikasnih informacija

model komplikovan, njegova verodostojnost velika i dobijene informacije su upotrebljive

model komplikovan zato što zbog malo atributa postoji puno međusobnih veza, a dobijene informacije su veoma upotrebljive

If there are too few attributes in the modeling process, it means that the model is simple, its credibility is low, and the usability of the information is limited.

Explanation

If there are too few attributes in the modeling process, it means that the model is simple, its credibility is low, and the usability of the information is limited.

25. Baza podataka se putem Interneta može otvoriti ka kupcima. U tom slučaju:

važno je obratiti pažnju na sigurnost i integritet podataka

jednostavno se može trgovati i plaćati roba

bezbednost podataka u Internetu onemogućava zloupotrebu baze

mora se dozvoliti samo pregled podataka, a izmene se moraju zabraniti

When opening a database to customers via the Internet, it is important to pay attention to the security and integrity of the data. This means that measures need to be taken to ensure that the data is protected from unauthorized access and that it remains accurate and consistent. This is crucial because the Internet presents various risks and vulnerabilities that can be exploited by malicious actors. Therefore, it is necessary to prioritize the security and integrity of the data to prevent any potential misuse or compromise.

Explanation

When opening a database to customers via the Internet, it is important to pay attention to the security and integrity of the data. This means that measures need to be taken to ensure that the data is protected from unauthorized access and that it remains accurate and consistent. This is crucial because the Internet presents various risks and vulnerabilities that can be exploited by malicious actors. Therefore, it is necessary to prioritize the security and integrity of the data to prevent any potential misuse or compromise.

26. Šta je sistem za upravljanje bazama podataka?

Softverski sistem koji se koristi za kreiranje, održavanje i manipulisanje podacima, kao i za kontrolu prava pristupa bazi podataka

Softverski sistem za upravljanje metapodacima

Softverski sistem za pristup datotekama, podacima i informacijama, koji obezbeđuje apsolutna prava pristupa pojedinim korisnicima baze podataka

Softverski sistem za on-line i off-line pristup bazi podataka i kojim omogućava kopiranje podataka između različitih aplikacija nad bazom podataka

The correct answer is a software system that is used for creating, maintaining, and manipulating data, as well as controlling access rights to the database. This explanation states that a database management system is a software system that performs various tasks related to data management, including creating and maintaining the database, manipulating data within the database, and controlling access to the database by granting or restricting user privileges.

Explanation

The correct answer is a software system that is used for creating, maintaining, and manipulating data, as well as controlling access rights to the database. This explanation states that a database management system is a software system that performs various tasks related to data management, including creating and maintaining the database, manipulating data within the database, and controlling access to the database by granting or restricting user privileges.

27. Primarni ključ jedne relacije:

može da se sastoji iz više atributa

predstavlja se isključivo jednim atributom

obavezno je na prvom mestu liste atributa koji opisuju dati entitet

obavezno je redni broj unosa podatka u tabelu

The correct answer is "može da se sastoji iz više atributa" which translates to "can consist of multiple attributes". This means that a primary key in a relation can be composed of more than one attribute. In a database, a primary key is a unique identifier for each record in a table, and it can be formed by combining multiple attributes to ensure uniqueness.

Explanation

The correct answer is "može da se sastoji iz više atributa" which translates to "can consist of multiple attributes". This means that a primary key in a relation can be composed of more than one attribute. In a database, a primary key is a unique identifier for each record in a table, and it can be formed by combining multiple attributes to ensure uniqueness.

28. Ako se u procesu modelovanja uoči previše atributa, to znači da je:

verodostojnost modela mala, model nije kompleksan, manipulacije su teške, ali su dobijene informacije veoma upotrebljive

model jednostavan zato što zbog velikog broja atributa postoji minimalan broj veza među objektima, a dobijene informacije su veoma upotrebljive

verodostojnost modela odlična, kompleksnost je velika, manipulacije su teške, dobijene informacije su konfuzne

verodostojnost modela mala, kompleksnost je velika, manipulacije su jednostavne, a dobijene informacije su upotrebljive

If there are too many attributes in the modeling process, it means that the credibility of the model is excellent, the complexity is high, manipulations are difficult, and the obtained information is confusing.

Explanation

If there are too many attributes in the modeling process, it means that the credibility of the model is excellent, the complexity is high, manipulations are difficult, and the obtained information is confusing.

29. Korisnički domen je:

CHAR{30}

REAL

DATE

IDENT

The correct answer is IDENT. This is because "IDENT" stands for "identifier" and is typically used to represent a unique identifier or key in a database. In the context of a user domain, an identifier would be used to uniquely identify each user within the domain. Therefore, "IDENT" is the most appropriate data type for representing a user domain.

Explanation

The correct answer is IDENT. This is because "IDENT" stands for "identifier" and is typically used to represent a unique identifier or key in a database. In the context of a user domain, an identifier would be used to uniquely identify each user within the domain. Therefore, "IDENT" is the most appropriate data type for representing a user domain.

30. Modelovanje procesa iz realnog sveta:

vrši se potpuno u računaru bez uticaja čoveka. Takav model je maksimalno precizan jer se računarom obuhvataju svi detalji procesa iz realnog sveta.

svodi se na izbor broja, veličine i tipa datoteka i softverskih aplikacija potrebnih za njihovo održavanje

predstavlja pojednostavljivanje problema iz realnog sveta i njegovo posmatranje samo sa stanovišta bitnih za ciljeve analize

obuhvata sve probleme koji postoje u realnom svetu

The correct answer is "predstavlja pojednostavljivanje problema iz realnog sveta i njegovo posmatranje samo sa stanovišta bitnih za ciljeve analize". This means that modeling real-world processes involves simplifying the problems and analyzing them only from the perspective that is relevant to the analysis goals. It does not encompass all the problems that exist in the real world and is not dependent on human influence. By focusing on the essential aspects, the model can be more precise and accurate.

Explanation

The correct answer is "predstavlja pojednostavljivanje problema iz realnog sveta i njegovo posmatranje samo sa stanovišta bitnih za ciljeve analize". This means that modeling real-world processes involves simplifying the problems and analyzing them only from the perspective that is relevant to the analysis goals. It does not encompass all the problems that exist in the real world and is not dependent on human influence. By focusing on the essential aspects, the model can be more precise and accurate.

31. Teorijske osnove relacionog modela podataka postavio je 1970. godine:

Edgar Cood

Herman Holerith

Charles Babbage

Howard Aiken

The correct answer is Edgar Cood. Edgar Cood is credited with establishing the theoretical foundations of the relational data model in 1970. The relational data model is a conceptual framework that organizes data into tables or relations, with each table consisting of rows and columns. This model has become the basis for modern database management systems and is widely used in the field of data management.

Explanation

The correct answer is Edgar Cood. Edgar Cood is credited with establishing the theoretical foundations of the relational data model in 1970. The relational data model is a conceptual framework that organizes data into tables or relations, with each table consisting of rows and columns. This model has become the basis for modern database management systems and is widely used in the field of data management.

32. Karakteristika ličnih baza podataka je:

podaci se lako dele sa drugim korisnicima

mogu da unaprede produktivnost pojedinca

iz njih se lako prenose podaci do baze cele organizacije

lako prerastaju u baze podataka cele organizacije

The characteristic of personal databases is that they can improve individual productivity.

Explanation

The characteristic of personal databases is that they can improve individual productivity.

33. Obeležiti proste atribute:

BrojIndeksa (1, 2, do 250)

Godina studija (1, 2, 3, 4)

The correct answer includes the attributes "BrojIndeksa" with values ranging from 1 to 250, "Boja" with values "Crveno," "Plavo," and "Žuto," and "Godina studija" with values 1, 2, 3, and 4. These attributes are considered as "proste" or simple attributes because they have distinct values and do not require any further decomposition or combination.

Explanation

The correct answer includes the attributes "BrojIndeksa" with values ranging from 1 to 250, "Boja" with values "Crveno," "Plavo," and "Žuto," and "Godina studija" with values 1, 2, 3, and 4. These attributes are considered as "proste" or simple attributes because they have distinct values and do not require any further decomposition or combination.

Submit

34. Sledeće aktivnosti u ciljnoj relaciji mogu da naruše referencijalni integritet:

unos (INSERT) novih n-torki

brisanje (DELETE) postojećih n-torki

selektovanje (SELECT) postojećih n-torki

izmena (UPDATE) postojećih n-torki

The activities that can violate referential integrity are deleting (DELETE) existing tuples and modifying (UPDATE) existing tuples. These actions can potentially break the relationships between tables and lead to inconsistencies in the data. Inserting (INSERT) new tuples and selecting (SELECT) existing tuples do not directly affect referential integrity as they do not change or delete existing data.

Explanation

The activities that can violate referential integrity are deleting (DELETE) existing tuples and modifying (UPDATE) existing tuples. These actions can potentially break the relationships between tables and lead to inconsistencies in the data. Inserting (INSERT) new tuples and selecting (SELECT) existing tuples do not directly affect referential integrity as they do not change or delete existing data.

Submit

35. Komponente relacionog modela podataka su:

interna, konceptualna i eksterna

fizička, logička i izvršna

strukturna, integritetska i manipulativna

hijerarhijska, mrežna i relaciona

The correct answer is "strukturna, integritetska i manipulativna". These terms refer to different components of the relational data model. The "strukturna" component refers to the structure or organization of the data, such as tables, columns, and relationships. The "integritetska" component refers to the integrity constraints that ensure data consistency and accuracy, such as primary keys, foreign keys, and unique constraints. The "manipulativna" component refers to the operations or actions that can be performed on the data, such as inserting, updating, and deleting records. Together, these components form the foundation of the relational data model.

Explanation

The correct answer is "strukturna, integritetska i manipulativna". These terms refer to different components of the relational data model. The "strukturna" component refers to the structure or organization of the data, such as tables, columns, and relationships. The "integritetska" component refers to the integrity constraints that ensure data consistency and accuracy, such as primary keys, foreign keys, and unique constraints. The "manipulativna" component refers to the operations or actions that can be performed on the data, such as inserting, updating, and deleting records. Together, these components form the foundation of the relational data model.

36. Šta ne spada u elemente dijagrama toka podataka (DTP)?

Interfejsi

Procesi

Tokovi podataka

Tabele

Skladišta podataka

The correct answer is "Tabele". Tables are not considered as elements of a data flow diagram (DFD). DFDs primarily represent the flow of data between processes, interfaces, and data streams. Tables, on the other hand, are used to store and organize data but do not directly participate in the flow of data within a DFD.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Tabele". Tables are not considered as elements of a data flow diagram (DFD). DFDs primarily represent the flow of data between processes, interfaces, and data streams. Tables, on the other hand, are used to store and organize data but do not directly participate in the flow of data within a DFD.

37. U hijerarhijskom modelu podataka:

ne može se obrisati slog u tabeli naslednika ako se ne obriše u roditeljskoj tabeli

ne može se obrisati slog u tabeli naslednika ako se ne obriše kod svih naslednika

ne može se dodati slog u tabelu naslednika dok se ne uključi u roditeljsku tabelu

ne može se dodati slog u tabelu roditelja ako ne postoje naslednici

In a hierarchical data model, a record cannot be added to the child table until it is included in the parent table. This is because the hierarchical model follows a one-to-many relationship, where each parent can have multiple children but each child can have only one parent. Therefore, before adding a record to the child table, it must first be associated with a record in the parent table.

Explanation

In a hierarchical data model, a record cannot be added to the child table until it is included in the parent table. This is because the hierarchical model follows a one-to-many relationship, where each parent can have multiple children but each child can have only one parent. Therefore, before adding a record to the child table, it must first be associated with a record in the parent table.

38. Rekurzivna veza kod DOV dijagrama se odnosi na slučaj kada:

slab entitet zavisi od jakog entiteta i obrnuto

jedan isti atribut definiše bar dva entiteta

veza ne poseduje svoje identifikaciono ime

jedan entitet učestvuje u vezi sa samim sobom

The correct answer states that a recursive relationship in an ER diagram occurs when one entity participates in a relationship with itself. This means that an entity can have a relationship with another instance of the same entity. This type of relationship is commonly seen in hierarchical structures or when modeling self-referencing relationships.

Explanation

The correct answer states that a recursive relationship in an ER diagram occurs when one entity participates in a relationship with itself. This means that an entity can have a relationship with another instance of the same entity. This type of relationship is commonly seen in hierarchical structures or when modeling self-referencing relationships.

39. Pogledi (views) na bazu podataka predstavljaju:

različite pristupe modelovanju baza podataka (hijerarhijski, mrežni, relacioni, objektni model podatak)

deo aplikativnog programa koji predstavlja celinu (definisanje, menjanje ili prava pristupa bazi podataka)

izbor programskog paketa (C, C++, JAVA, JSP, PHP i sl.) za pristup bazi podataka

način ograničavanja prava korisnika. Nad jedinstvenim podacima ograničava se pravo pristupa korisnicima samo željenim podacima

The correct answer is "način ograničavanja prava korisnika. Nad jedinstvenim podacima ograničava se pravo pristupa korisnicima samo željenim podacima." This answer suggests that database views are a way to restrict user access to only the desired data. By creating views, the database administrator can control what data users are allowed to see and access, ensuring that they only have access to the specific information they need. This helps to maintain data security and privacy.

Explanation

The correct answer is "način ograničavanja prava korisnika. Nad jedinstvenim podacima ograničava se pravo pristupa korisnicima samo željenim podacima." This answer suggests that database views are a way to restrict user access to only the desired data. By creating views, the database administrator can control what data users are allowed to see and access, ensuring that they only have access to the specific information they need. This helps to maintain data security and privacy.

40. Opis logike primitivnih procesa se vrši u:

formalnom jeziku za strukturnu sistemsku analizu

višem programskom jeziku, najčešće C, C++ ili struktuiranom jeziku kao što je PASCAL

govornom (prirodnom) jeziku, u pseudokodu, ili fragmentima nekog višeg programskog jezika

višem programskom jeziku gde postoji strogi formalizam u korišćenju sintakse jezika

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the description of primitive processes is done in a natural language, such as spoken language, pseudocode, or fragments of a higher-level programming language. This means that instead of using a formal or structured language, the description can be expressed in a more human-readable and understandable way. This allows for easier communication and comprehension of the logic behind the primitive processes.

Explanation

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the description of primitive processes is done in a natural language, such as spoken language, pseudocode, or fragments of a higher-level programming language. This means that instead of using a formal or structured language, the description can be expressed in a more human-readable and understandable way. This allows for easier communication and comprehension of the logic behind the primitive processes.

41. Karakteristično za atribute kod DOV dijagrama je:

predstavlja se trapezom u koji se upisuje ime atributa

prvi atribut sa leve pozicije predstavlja primarni ključ

ne mogu se pojaviti kod veza između objekata

broj atributa jednog objekta nije ograničen

The characteristic of attributes in a DOV diagram is that the number of attributes for one object is not limited. This means that an object can have any number of attributes associated with it, without any restrictions on the maximum or minimum number of attributes.

Explanation

The characteristic of attributes in a DOV diagram is that the number of attributes for one object is not limited. This means that an object can have any number of attributes associated with it, without any restrictions on the maximum or minimum number of attributes.

42. U relacionom modelu podataka:

osnovna mana je što se ne zasniva na nekoj strogoj matematičkoj teoriji, pa se ne može efikasno vršiti programiranje

minimalna je redudansa, i objekti i veze se predstavljaju tabelama, nema anomalija ažuriranja, u jednoj tabeli ne postoje dva identična reda

maksimalna je redudansa podataka, efikasno se predstavljaju veze tipa M:N, ne postoje anomalije ažuriranja, ali se mogu javiti anomalije kod brisanja podataka

tabele su povezane pokazivačima (pointerima), koji ukazuju na početak druge tabele

The given answer states that the basic drawback of the relational data model is that it does not rely on a strict mathematical theory, so programming cannot be efficiently performed. It also mentions that there is minimal redundancy in the model, with both objects and relationships being represented by tables. Additionally, it states that there are no update anomalies and no duplicate rows in a table.

Explanation

The given answer states that the basic drawback of the relational data model is that it does not rely on a strict mathematical theory, so programming cannot be efficiently performed. It also mentions that there is minimal redundancy in the model, with both objects and relationships being represented by tables. Additionally, it states that there are no update anomalies and no duplicate rows in a table.

43. Neka su zadati skupovi A = {1, 2, 3, 4} i B = {4, 6, 8}. Nad ovim skupovima je definisana relacija r: AxB = {(a, b) | a = b/2}. Sledi da je:

r = {(1, 2); (2, 3); (3, 4); (4, 5); (5, 6); (6, 7); (7, 8)}

r = {(1, 2); (2, 4); (3, 6); (4, 8)}

r = {(2, 4); (3, 6); (4, 8)}

r = {(4, 2); (6, 3); (8, 4)}

The correct answer is r = {(2, 4); (3, 6); (4, 8)}. This is because the relation r is defined as {(a, b) | a = b/2}. Looking at the elements in set A, we can see that when a = 2, b = 4; when a = 3, b = 6; and when a = 4, b = 8. Therefore, the relation r only includes these three pairs.

Explanation

The correct answer is r = {(2, 4); (3, 6); (4, 8)}. This is because the relation r is defined as {(a, b) | a = b/2}. Looking at the elements in set A, we can see that when a = 2, b = 4; when a = 3, b = 6; and when a = 4, b = 8. Therefore, the relation r only includes these three pairs.

44. U procesu modelovanja, objekat iz realnog sveta minimalno ima:

0 (nula) atributa

1 (jedan) atribut

2 (dva) atributa

3 (tri) atributa

In the process of modeling, an object from the real world must have at least one attribute. This means that it should possess at least one characteristic or property that can be described or represented in the model. Without any attributes, the object would have no defining features or information associated with it, making it essentially meaningless in the modeling context. Therefore, the correct answer is 1 (jedan) atribut.

Explanation

In the process of modeling, an object from the real world must have at least one attribute. This means that it should possess at least one characteristic or property that can be described or represented in the model. Without any attributes, the object would have no defining features or information associated with it, making it essentially meaningless in the modeling context. Therefore, the correct answer is 1 (jedan) atribut.

45. U opisu logike primitivnih procesa:

mogu se koristiti IF THEN ELSE, DO WHILE, FOR i slične strukture

ne koriste se IF THEN ELSE strukture pošto kod primitivnih procesa ne postoji selektivna struktura

ne koriste se FOR petlje, pošto su primitivni procesi elementarni i svode se na niz sekvencijalnih naredbi

koriste se posebno definisane naredbe pseudokoda sa strogo definisanom sintaksom

The correct answer states that in the description of primitive processes, IF THEN ELSE, DO WHILE, FOR, and similar structures can be used. This means that these structures can be utilized to define the logic of primitive processes. Additionally, it is mentioned that specially defined pseudocode commands with strictly defined syntax are used in these processes. It is also mentioned that selective structures like IF THEN ELSE are not used in primitive processes, as there is no need for them. Similarly, FOR loops are not used because primitive processes are elementary and can be reduced to a sequence of sequential commands.

Explanation

The correct answer states that in the description of primitive processes, IF THEN ELSE, DO WHILE, FOR, and similar structures can be used. This means that these structures can be utilized to define the logic of primitive processes. Additionally, it is mentioned that specially defined pseudocode commands with strictly defined syntax are used in these processes. It is also mentioned that selective structures like IF THEN ELSE are not used in primitive processes, as there is no need for them. Similarly, FOR loops are not used because primitive processes are elementary and can be reduced to a sequence of sequential commands.

46. Veza između entiteta STUDENT i PROFESOR je:

1:1 (jedan prema jedan)

1:N (jedan prema više)

M:1 (više prema jedan)

M:N (više prema više)

The relationship between the entities STUDENT and PROFESOR is M:N (više prema više) which means that multiple students can be associated with multiple professors and vice versa. This indicates that a student can have multiple professors and a professor can have multiple students.

Explanation

The relationship between the entities STUDENT and PROFESOR is M:N (više prema više) which means that multiple students can be associated with multiple professors and vice versa. This indicates that a student can have multiple professors and a professor can have multiple students.

47. Karakteristično za klasičan sistem baza, zasnovan na datotekama i programskim jezicima je:

mala redudansa podataka

nema redudanse podataka

velika redudansa podataka

kontrolisana redudansa podataka

In a classical file-based and programming language-based system, there is typically a high level of data redundancy. This means that the same data may be stored in multiple locations or multiple times within the system. This redundancy can lead to inefficiencies and increased storage requirements, but it can also provide benefits such as improved data availability and fault tolerance.

Explanation

In a classical file-based and programming language-based system, there is typically a high level of data redundancy. This means that the same data may be stored in multiple locations or multiple times within the system. This redundancy can lead to inefficiencies and increased storage requirements, but it can also provide benefits such as improved data availability and fault tolerance.

48. Primarni ključ jedne šeme relacije:

mora da bude na prvom mestu pri definisanju šeme relacije

može da poprimi NULL vrednost

može da se sastoji iz više atributa

mora da bude samo jedan atribut

The primary key of a relation can be composed of multiple attributes. This means that it can be made up of more than one attribute in order to uniquely identify each tuple in the relation. Having a primary key composed of multiple attributes allows for more flexibility and precision in identifying and referencing specific tuples in the relation.

Explanation

The primary key of a relation can be composed of multiple attributes. This means that it can be made up of more than one attribute in order to uniquely identify each tuple in the relation. Having a primary key composed of multiple attributes allows for more flexibility and precision in identifying and referencing specific tuples in the relation.

49. Šta su interfejsi kod dijagrama toka podataka (DTP)?

Mesto povezivanja procesa i skladišta podataka

Entiteti (objekti) iz realnog sveta koji okružuje sistem

Standardizovane veze između dva procesa

Objekti unutar analiziranog sistema

The correct answer is "Entiteti (objekti) iz realnog sveta koji okružuje sistem." This is because data flow diagrams (DFD) are used to represent the flow of data within a system and how it interacts with external entities. These external entities are the entities or objects from the real world that surround the system being analyzed. They can be people, organizations, or other systems that interact with the system being analyzed.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Entiteti (objekti) iz realnog sveta koji okružuje sistem." This is because data flow diagrams (DFD) are used to represent the flow of data within a system and how it interacts with external entities. These external entities are the entities or objects from the real world that surround the system being analyzed. They can be people, organizations, or other systems that interact with the system being analyzed.

50. Šta je kontekstualni dijagram?

To je dijagram na kome su definisane uloge i svi potrebni interfejsi za sistem

To je dijagram koji predstavlja skup povezanih poslovnih funkcija, koje su predstavljene od vrha na dole

To je dijagram tokova podataka (DTP) na kome je celokupan sistem prikazan kao jedan proces - crna kutija

To je dijagram tokova podataka koji se dobija nakon pune dekompozicije svih procesa

A contextual diagram is a data flow diagram (DTP) that represents the entire system as a single process - a black box. It shows the flow of data between external entities and the system, without going into the details of internal processes or data transformations. This diagram provides an overview of how data moves through the system and helps in understanding the system's boundaries and interfaces.

Explanation

A contextual diagram is a data flow diagram (DTP) that represents the entire system as a single process - a black box. It shows the flow of data between external entities and the system, without going into the details of internal processes or data transformations. This diagram provides an overview of how data moves through the system and helps in understanding the system's boundaries and interfaces.

51. Neka su zadati skupovi A = {2, 3} i B = {1, 2, 3}. Nad ovim skupovima je difinisana relacija r: AxB = {(a, b) | a = b+1}. Sledi da je:

r = {(1, 2); (2, 3)}

r = {(2, 1); (3, 2)}

r = {(1, 2); (2, 3); (3, 4)}

r = {(1, 1); (2, 2); (3, 3)}

The relation r is defined as {(a, b) | a = b+1}. In set A, we have the elements 2 and 3. In set B, we have the elements 1, 2, and 3. We need to find the pairs (a, b) where a is equal to b+1. From the given options, the only option that satisfies this condition is r = {(2, 1); (3, 2)}.

Explanation

The relation r is defined as {(a, b) | a = b+1}. In set A, we have the elements 2 and 3. In set B, we have the elements 1, 2, and 3. We need to find the pairs (a, b) where a is equal to b+1. From the given options, the only option that satisfies this condition is r = {(2, 1); (3, 2)}.

52. Šta je entitet u procesu modelovanja?

Entitet je osobina uočenog objekta, koja se konkretno može izraziti jednim atributom

Pod entitetom se podrazumeva sve što se može jednoznačno odrediti, identifikovati i razlikovati

Entitet je vrednost atributa kojim se opisuje konkretno svojstvo

Predstavlja softversko ili hardversko okruženje u kome se vrši modelovanje

The correct answer explains that an entity in the modeling process refers to anything that can be uniquely determined, identified, and differentiated. This means that an entity represents a distinct and separate object or concept within the model.

Explanation

The correct answer explains that an entity in the modeling process refers to anything that can be uniquely determined, identified, and differentiated. This means that an entity represents a distinct and separate object or concept within the model.

53. Kod baza podataka, u odnosu na klasične sisteme:

postoji mala (ili je minimalna) redudansa metapodataka

ne postoji (ili je minimalna) redudansa podataka u bazi

postoji velika (ali kontrolisana) redudansa metapodataka

postoji velika redudansa podataka u bazi

The correct answer suggests that in a database code, there is little or no redundancy in the data stored in the database. This means that the data is organized and stored efficiently, without unnecessary duplication. Redundancy in data can lead to inconsistencies and inefficiencies in the database, so minimizing or eliminating it is desirable.

Explanation

The correct answer suggests that in a database code, there is little or no redundancy in the data stored in the database. This means that the data is organized and stored efficiently, without unnecessary duplication. Redundancy in data can lead to inconsistencies and inefficiencies in the database, so minimizing or eliminating it is desirable.

54. Šta je atribut?

Atribut je skup entiteta koji imaju isto ponašanje

Atribut je zajednička osobina (svojstvo) koje poseduju svi entiteti jedne klase

Atribut je vrednost jednog entiteta

Atribut predstavlja vrstu (red, slog, rekord) u jednoj tabeli koja se na disk zapisuje kao datoteka

The correct answer is "Atribut je zajednička osobina (svojstvo) koje poseduju svi entiteti jedne klase." This answer explains that an attribute is a common characteristic or property that is shared by all entities in a class. It implies that attributes define the specific properties or qualities that each entity within a class possesses.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Atribut je zajednička osobina (svojstvo) koje poseduju svi entiteti jedne klase." This answer explains that an attribute is a common characteristic or property that is shared by all entities in a class. It implies that attributes define the specific properties or qualities that each entity within a class possesses.

55. Baza podataka cele organizacije:

podržava sve procese organizacije i proces donošenja odluka

mora da bude na jednom računaru

veličine je petabajta podataka

koristi sistem datoteka, kako bi se sprečio gubitak važnih podataka

The given answer states that the organization's database supports all processes and decision-making within the organization. This implies that the database is comprehensive and plays a crucial role in the functioning of the organization. It suggests that the database is designed to store and manage data related to various organizational processes and is utilized for informed decision-making.

Explanation

The given answer states that the organization's database supports all processes and decision-making within the organization. This implies that the database is comprehensive and plays a crucial role in the functioning of the organization. It suggests that the database is designed to store and manage data related to various organizational processes and is utilized for informed decision-making.

56. Domen atributa predstavlja:

broj atributa kojima se opisuje konkretan entitet

prostor u tabeli (datoteci) u koji se upisuju vrednosti atributa

dužinu karaktera ili dužinu za numerički tip podataka koji se upisuje u bazu podataka

skup dozvoljenih vrednosti koje može da poprimi jedan atribut

The correct answer is "skup dozvoljenih vrednosti koje može da poprimi jedan atribut" which translates to "the set of allowable values that an attribute can take." This explanation states that a domain of an attribute represents the range of values that the attribute can have. It is a set of all possible valid values for that attribute.

Explanation

The correct answer is "skup dozvoljenih vrednosti koje može da poprimi jedan atribut" which translates to "the set of allowable values that an attribute can take." This explanation states that a domain of an attribute represents the range of values that the attribute can have. It is a set of all possible valid values for that attribute.

57. Karakteristično za metodologiju vodopada (waterfall) u izgradnji informacionog sistema je:

iterativni (cikličan) pristup razvoju informacionog sistema

sistem se brzo uvodi u upotrebu

segmentni pristup u analizi, dizajnu, testiranju, uvođenju i održavanju informacionog sistema

lako se vrši dogradnja sistema prema potrebama različitih korisnika

The correct answer is "segmentni pristup u analizi, dizajnu, testiranju, uvođenju i održavanju informacionog sistema". This means that the waterfall methodology involves a segmented approach in the analysis, design, testing, implementation, and maintenance of the information system. It suggests that each phase of the development process is completed before moving on to the next, ensuring a systematic and structured approach to building the system.

Explanation

The correct answer is "segmentni pristup u analizi, dizajnu, testiranju, uvođenju i održavanju informacionog sistema". This means that the waterfall methodology involves a segmented approach in the analysis, design, testing, implementation, and maintenance of the information system. It suggests that each phase of the development process is completed before moving on to the next, ensuring a systematic and structured approach to building the system.

58. Karakteristično za iterativni (ciklični, spiralni) pristup izgradnji informacionog sistema je:

pristup je odličan, ali vrlo složen, pa se ovakvi IS veoma sporo uvode u upotrebu

segmentni pristup u analizi, dizajnu, testiranju, uvođenju i održavanju IS

proces razvoja nije završen kada se IS uvede u upotrebu, već se nastavlja dodavanjem novih softverskih modula, osavremenjavanjem postojećih funkcionalnosti

razvijeni IS je sastavljen od čvrsto povezanih segmenata, tako da je nakon njegovog uvođenja teško vršiti izmene

The correct answer states that the development process of the information system is not completed when it is introduced into use, but rather continues with the addition of new software modules and the modernization of existing functionalities. This means that the iterative (cyclic, spiral) approach to building the information system allows for ongoing improvements and updates even after its initial implementation. It emphasizes the importance of continuously enhancing and adapting the system to meet changing requirements and advancements in technology.

Explanation

The correct answer states that the development process of the information system is not completed when it is introduced into use, but rather continues with the addition of new software modules and the modernization of existing functionalities. This means that the iterative (cyclic, spiral) approach to building the information system allows for ongoing improvements and updates even after its initial implementation. It emphasizes the importance of continuously enhancing and adapting the system to meet changing requirements and advancements in technology.

59. Fizički dizajn baze podataka je bitan zbog:

efikasnog izvršavanja upita

struktuirane organizacije podataka u memoriji

preglednosti softvera (lake naknadne izmene)

hijerarhijske organizacije podataka u memoriji

The physical design of a database is important for efficient query execution. By optimizing the physical layout of the data, such as indexing and partitioning, the database can retrieve and process the required information more quickly, resulting in faster query execution. This leads to improved performance and responsiveness of the software application.

Explanation

The physical design of a database is important for efficient query execution. By optimizing the physical layout of the data, such as indexing and partitioning, the database can retrieve and process the required information more quickly, resulting in faster query execution. This leads to improved performance and responsiveness of the software application.

60. Sistem za upravljanje bazama podataka je:

softverski sistem koji upravlja memorijom, baferima, indeksima, pointerima i time omogućava efikasno upravljanje podacima u bazi podataka

softverski paket za normalizaciju baza podataka koje imaju nedozvoljene funkcionalne zavisnosti

interfejs između korisnika (korisničkih programa, aplikacija) i zapisa baze podataka na disku

softversko okruženje za pisanje korisničkih aplikacija kojima se obraća bazi podataka

The correct answer is "interfejs između korisnika (korisničkih programa, aplikacija) i zapisa baze podataka na disku". This answer suggests that a database management system serves as an interface between users (user programs, applications) and the database records stored on disk. It implies that the system allows users to interact with the database by providing a way to read, write, and manipulate data stored in the database.

Explanation

The correct answer is "interfejs između korisnika (korisničkih programa, aplikacija) i zapisa baze podataka na disku". This answer suggests that a database management system serves as an interface between users (user programs, applications) and the database records stored on disk. It implies that the system allows users to interact with the database by providing a way to read, write, and manipulate data stored in the database.

61. Strani ključ jedne relacije je:

jedinstven identifikator svakog zapisa u tabeli

vrednost atributa koja se upisuje iz aplikacije (spolja) i kojom se ukazuje na željeni atribut

ključ koji pokazuje na drugu relaciju i povezuje je sa njom

ključ koji je veže sa drugim atributom u istoj relaciji

The correct answer is "ključ koji pokazuje na drugu relaciju i povezuje je sa njom" (a key that points to another relation and connects it). This is because a foreign key is a field in a table that refers to the primary key of another table, establishing a relationship between the two tables. It allows for the linking of data between multiple tables, enabling the creation of relationships and ensuring data integrity.

Explanation

The correct answer is "ključ koji pokazuje na drugu relaciju i povezuje je sa njom" (a key that points to another relation and connects it). This is because a foreign key is a field in a table that refers to the primary key of another table, establishing a relationship between the two tables. It allows for the linking of data between multiple tables, enabling the creation of relationships and ensuring data integrity.

62. Da bi tabela bila relacija mora da važi sledeće:

bitan je redosled unosa redova (zapisa) u tabelu

bitan je redosled atributa pri definisanju tabele

ne mogu se postaviti dva ista reda u tabeli

ne mogu se pojaviti dve iste kolone u tabeli

This answer states that in order for a table to be a relation, it is not possible to have two identical rows in the table. This means that each row in the table must have a unique combination of attribute values. If there are two rows that have the exact same attribute values, then it violates the condition for a table to be a relation.

Explanation

This answer states that in order for a table to be a relation, it is not possible to have two identical rows in the table. This means that each row in the table must have a unique combination of attribute values. If there are two rows that have the exact same attribute values, then it violates the condition for a table to be a relation.

63. Kod baza podataka, u odnosu na klasične sisteme:

povećana je potreba za održavanjem aplikacija

ne postoji potreba za održavanjem aplikacija

održavanje aplikacija se vrši samo pri unosu podataka

smanjena je potreba za održavanjem aplikacija

In a database system, the need for maintaining applications is reduced. This means that there is less requirement for updating or modifying applications when using a database system compared to traditional systems. The database system handles data storage, retrieval, and management, which reduces the need for application maintenance. This can be attributed to the centralized nature of the database, where changes or updates can be made in one place and reflect across the entire system, minimizing the need for application-specific maintenance.

Explanation

In a database system, the need for maintaining applications is reduced. This means that there is less requirement for updating or modifying applications when using a database system compared to traditional systems. The database system handles data storage, retrieval, and management, which reduces the need for application maintenance. This can be attributed to the centralized nature of the database, where changes or updates can be made in one place and reflect across the entire system, minimizing the need for application-specific maintenance.

64. Šta ne spada u strukturnu sistemsku analizu (SSA)?

Funkcionalna dekompozicija sistema

Dijagrami tokova podataka

Rečnik podataka

Izbor odgovarajućeg SUBP

The correct answer is "Izbor odgovarajućeg SUBP" because the selection of an appropriate software development methodology (SUBP) is not a part of structural system analysis (SSA). SSA involves activities such as functional decomposition of the system, creating data flow diagrams, and maintaining a data dictionary. However, the selection of a software development methodology is a separate task that is not directly related to SSA.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Izbor odgovarajućeg SUBP" because the selection of an appropriate software development methodology (SUBP) is not a part of structural system analysis (SSA). SSA involves activities such as functional decomposition of the system, creating data flow diagrams, and maintaining a data dictionary. However, the selection of a software development methodology is a separate task that is not directly related to SSA.

65. Šta sve čini komponente relacionog modela podataka?

Strukturna komponenta

Fizička komponenta

Logička komponenta

Integritetska komponenta

Manipulativna komponenta

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

Submit

66. Generalizacija kod DOV dijagrama je:

rastavljanje jednog objekta na više generalizovanih podobjekata

generalizacija je apstrakcija u kojoj se skup sličnih tipova objekata predstavlja opštim generičkim tipom ili nadtipom

povezivanje različitih entiteta u jedinstvenu vezu koja je tipa više prema više (*:*)

predstavljanje više atributa jednim atributom generičkog tipa, koji na jedinstven način određuje sve entitete jedne klase

The correct answer explains that generalization is an abstraction where a set of similar object types is represented by a common generic type or supertype. This means that instead of representing each individual object separately, they are grouped together based on their similarities and represented by a more general type. This allows for easier management and understanding of the objects within a system.

Explanation

The correct answer explains that generalization is an abstraction where a set of similar object types is represented by a common generic type or supertype. This means that instead of representing each individual object separately, they are grouped together based on their similarities and represented by a more general type. This allows for easier management and understanding of the objects within a system.

67. Na vrhu funkcionalnog dijagrama obavezno se nalazi:

naziv informacionog sistema koji se analizira

naziv osnovnog procesa koji se dalje dekomponuje

naziv skladišta podataka, koje je ključno za dati informacioni sistem

naziv procesa koji je povezan sa skladištenjem podataka

The correct answer is "naziv informacionog sistema koji se analizira" because the top of the functional diagram represents the overall information system that is being analyzed. This is the starting point from which the rest of the diagram is developed and decomposed.

Explanation

The correct answer is "naziv informacionog sistema koji se analizira" because the top of the functional diagram represents the overall information system that is being analyzed. This is the starting point from which the rest of the diagram is developed and decomposed.

68. Karakteristično za klasičan sistem baza, zasnovan na datotekama i programskim jezicima je:

lako se mogu deliti podaci između nezavisnih procesa (odeljenja)

postoji uvek jedna aplikacija koja pokriva sva odeljenja i omogućava deljenje podataka

ograničena mogućnost deljenja podataka između nezavisnih procesa

lako se mogu generisati izveštaji na nivou cele organizacije

The characteristic of a classical file-based and programming language-based system is that there is limited ability to share data between independent processes. This means that data cannot easily be shared or accessed by different departments or divisions within an organization. Unlike the other options, there is no mention of a single application that covers all departments or enables data sharing, or the ease of generating reports at the organizational level.

Explanation

The characteristic of a classical file-based and programming language-based system is that there is limited ability to share data between independent processes. This means that data cannot easily be shared or accessed by different departments or divisions within an organization. Unlike the other options, there is no mention of a single application that covers all departments or enables data sharing, or the ease of generating reports at the organizational level.

69. U procesu modelovanja, veza između objekata iz realnog sveta minimalno ima:

0 (nula) atributa

1 (jedan) atribut

2 (dva) atributa

3 (tri) atributa

In the process of modeling, the relationship between objects from the real world typically has at least two attributes. This means that when representing objects in a model, there are usually two characteristics or properties associated with the relationship between those objects. These attributes help define and describe the nature of the relationship between the objects being modeled.

Explanation

In the process of modeling, the relationship between objects from the real world typically has at least two attributes. This means that when representing objects in a model, there are usually two characteristics or properties associated with the relationship between those objects. These attributes help define and describe the nature of the relationship between the objects being modeled.

70. Objekti u MOV modelima su:

objekti koji postoje u realnom svetu i egzistiraju samostalno

objekti koji imaju materijalnu reprezentaciju. Apstraktni pojmovi se modeluju vezama

objekti iz realnog sveta, ali i apstraktni pojmovi

pojmovi koji se dalje ne mogu rastavljati

In MOV models, objects can represent both real-world objects and abstract concepts. This means that the objects in MOV models can be entities that exist in the real world as well as abstract ideas or concepts that cannot be physically touched or seen. Therefore, the correct answer is "objekti iz realnog sveta, ali i apstraktni pojmovi."

Explanation

In MOV models, objects can represent both real-world objects and abstract concepts. This means that the objects in MOV models can be entities that exist in the real world as well as abstract ideas or concepts that cannot be physically touched or seen. Therefore, the correct answer is "objekti iz realnog sveta, ali i apstraktni pojmovi."

71. Ako se baza podataka realizuje kao jedna tabela:

model je komplikovan, podaci se javljaju samo jednom (ne ponavljaju se kao kad ima više tabela) jednostavno je održavanje

model je komplikovan, minimalna je redudansa, održavanje je komplikovano, ali ne postoji mogućnosti greške

model je jednostavan, nema redudanse, jednostavno je održavanje i minimalna je mogućnost greške

jednostavan je model, postoji visoka redudansa podataka, javljaju se anomalije kod ažuriranja

The given answer suggests that if the database is implemented as a single table, the model is simple, but it has a high level of data redundancy. This can lead to anomalies during data updates, as redundant data can cause inconsistencies and errors. Therefore, the model may not be efficient and reliable in terms of data management and maintenance.

Explanation

The given answer suggests that if the database is implemented as a single table, the model is simple, but it has a high level of data redundancy. This can lead to anomalies during data updates, as redundant data can cause inconsistencies and errors. Therefore, the model may not be efficient and reliable in terms of data management and maintenance.

72. Osnovna karakteristika mrežnog modela podataka je:

visoka kompleksnost i težina upotrebe

ne može se predstaviti veza između objekata tipa M:N

lako se može razviti u linearne liste kod programiranja

sve se predstavlja tabelama

The basic characteristic of a network data model is its high complexity and difficulty of use. This means that it may be challenging for users to understand and manipulate the data in this model.

Explanation

The basic characteristic of a network data model is its high complexity and difficulty of use. This means that it may be challenging for users to understand and manipulate the data in this model.

73. Šta ne obuhvata rečnik podataka:

opis struktura podataka koje se koriste u tokovima podataka

opis polja definisanih nad podacima

opis domena

opis prava pojedinih korisnika

The correct answer is "opis prava pojedinih korisnika" because the given options describe different aspects of data, such as structures, fields, and domains. However, "opis prava pojedinih korisnika" refers to the description of individual user rights, which is not related to the dictionary of data.

Explanation

The correct answer is "opis prava pojedinih korisnika" because the given options describe different aspects of data, such as structures, fields, and domains. However, "opis prava pojedinih korisnika" refers to the description of individual user rights, which is not related to the dictionary of data.

74. Karakteristika pristupa zasnovanog na bazama podataka je:

nezavisnost između podataka i metapodataka

zavisnost između aplikacija i podataka

zavisnost između aplikacija, podataka i metapodataka

nezavisnost između aplikacija i podataka

The characteristic of a database-based approach is the independence between applications and data. This means that applications can be developed and modified without affecting the underlying data structure or vice versa. The independence allows for flexibility and scalability in managing and manipulating data, as well as facilitating integration and interoperability between different applications that use the same data.

Explanation

The characteristic of a database-based approach is the independence between applications and data. This means that applications can be developed and modified without affecting the underlying data structure or vice versa. The independence allows for flexibility and scalability in managing and manipulating data, as well as facilitating integration and interoperability between different applications that use the same data.

75. Primitivni procesi su:

procesi koji se dalje ne mogu dekomponovati. Dalja dekompozicija se svodi na instrukcije programa

procesi koji su jednostavni za implementaciju u odgovarajućem programskom jeziku

procesi koji se odnose na unos podataka i generisanje izveštaja i predstavljaju osnovne procese kompleksnog sistema

procesi koji su polazna osnova za generisanje drugih procesa

Primitivni procesi su procesi koji se dalje ne mogu dekomponovati. To znači da su oni osnovni i ne mogu se razložiti na manje delove. Umesto toga, mogu se opisati i izvršiti pomoću instrukcija programa. Ova definicija sugeriše da primitivni procesi predstavljaju najosnovnije korake u izvršavanju nekog zadatka ili sistema, a dalja dekompozicija se svodi na detaljnije instrukcije koje se izvršavaju unutar tih primitivnih procesa.

Explanation

Primitivni procesi su procesi koji se dalje ne mogu dekomponovati. To znači da su oni osnovni i ne mogu se razložiti na manje delove. Umesto toga, mogu se opisati i izvršiti pomoću instrukcija programa. Ova definicija sugeriše da primitivni procesi predstavljaju najosnovnije korake u izvršavanju nekog zadatka ili sistema, a dalja dekompozicija se svodi na detaljnije instrukcije koje se izvršavaju unutar tih primitivnih procesa.

76. Karakteristično za klasičan sistem baza, zasnovan na datotekama i programskim jezicima je:

programi moraju precizno da poznaju definiciju i zapis podataka na disku

omogućava efikasno pisanje softvera za baze, zato što je na raspolaganju veliki broj programera za različite programske jezike

predstavlja efikasno rešenje u kome se maksimalno štede memorijski resursi

omogućava najbrži pristup podacima u bazi podataka

In a classical file-based system, programs need to have a precise understanding of the data definition and storage on the disk. This means that the programs must be aware of the structure and format of the data in order to access and manipulate it correctly. This requirement can make the development and maintenance of software for such systems more complex and less flexible compared to other approaches.

Explanation

In a classical file-based system, programs need to have a precise understanding of the data definition and storage on the disk. This means that the programs must be aware of the structure and format of the data in order to access and manipulate it correctly. This requirement can make the development and maintenance of software for such systems more complex and less flexible compared to other approaches.

77. Šta su skladišta podataka kod dijagrama toka podataka (DTP)?

Predstavljaju bazu podataka

Predstavljaju konkretnu tabelu

To je skup međusobno povezanih tabela

To su elementi sistema u kojima se podaci čuvaju

Data stores in a data flow diagram (DFD) represent the elements of a system where data is stored. They are used to depict the storage of data within the system. Data stores can be physical databases, files, or any other means of storing data. They are not necessarily a representation of a specific table or a concrete database, but rather a general concept of where data is stored in the system.

Explanation

Data stores in a data flow diagram (DFD) represent the elements of a system where data is stored. They are used to depict the storage of data within the system. Data stores can be physical databases, files, or any other means of storing data. They are not necessarily a representation of a specific table or a concrete database, but rather a general concept of where data is stored in the system.

78. Atribut može poprimiti NULL vrednost u sledećim slučajevima:

vrednost atributa je izračunata i iznosi 0

vrednost atributa je string sa blankovima

vrednost atributa nije poznata u trenutku unosa

vrednost atributa nema smisla

The given answer suggests that an attribute can have a NULL value in two cases: when the value of the attribute is not known at the time of input, and when the value of the attribute does not make sense. This means that if the value of the attribute is not available or if the value does not have any logical meaning, it can be assigned a NULL value.

Explanation

The given answer suggests that an attribute can have a NULL value in two cases: when the value of the attribute is not known at the time of input, and when the value of the attribute does not make sense. This means that if the value of the attribute is not available or if the value does not have any logical meaning, it can be assigned a NULL value.

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79. Šta je strukturna sistemska analiza (SSA)?

Pristup u razvoju poslovnih informacionih sistema u kome se analiziraju tokovi podataka u sistemu, određuju ključni entiteti i njihovi atributi, kao i entiteti izvan sistema s kojima on komunicira

Sistematski pristup izboru najpogodnijeg sistema za upravljanje bazama podataka (SUBP)

Sistematski pristup za analizu i definisanje hardverskih potreba za implementaciju konkretnog informacionog sistema

Predstavlja sistemsku analizu hardverskih potreba i softverskih alata za implementaciju poslovnog informacionog sistema

Structural Systems Analysis (SSA) is an approach in the development of business information systems where data flows in the system are analyzed, key entities and their attributes are determined, as well as entities outside the system with which it communicates. This approach focuses on understanding the structure and relationships within the system, helping to identify the necessary components and interactions for effective system development.

Explanation

Structural Systems Analysis (SSA) is an approach in the development of business information systems where data flows in the system are analyzed, key entities and their attributes are determined, as well as entities outside the system with which it communicates. This approach focuses on understanding the structure and relationships within the system, helping to identify the necessary components and interactions for effective system development.

80. Kandidat ključ jedne šeme relacije je:

svaki podskup atributa te šeme koji ima osobinu da jednoznačno određuje n-torke relacije, a da ni jedan njegov pravi podskup nema tu osobinu

ključ koji može da postavi svaki korisnik relacione baze podataka

skup atributa koji se može koristiti za referenciranje na drugu relaciju

skup atributa koji se koristi za indeksiranje datoteka u cilju direktnog pristupa podacima

The correct answer is the definition of a candidate key in a relational database. It states that a candidate key is any subset of attributes of a schema that uniquely determines the tuples of a relation, and no proper subset of it has that property. This means that a candidate key is a minimal set of attributes that can uniquely identify each tuple in a relation.

Explanation

The correct answer is the definition of a candidate key in a relational database. It states that a candidate key is any subset of attributes of a schema that uniquely determines the tuples of a relation, and no proper subset of it has that property. This means that a candidate key is a minimal set of attributes that can uniquely identify each tuple in a relation.

81. Karakteristično za specijalizaciju kod DOV dijagrama je:

specijalizovanim objektima ne treba dodeljivati nove atribute

objekat koji se specijalizuje prenosi svoje atribute na novonastale objekte

novonastali specijalizovani objekti su jaki objekti

specijalizovani objekti ne mogu stupati u veze sa drugim objektima

When using the specialization feature in a DOV diagram, the object that is being specialized transfers its attributes to the newly created objects. This means that the attributes of the original object are inherited by the specialized objects. This allows the specialized objects to have the same attributes as the original object, but they can also have additional attributes specific to their specialization. This feature helps to organize and categorize objects in the diagram based on their shared attributes and characteristics.

Explanation

When using the specialization feature in a DOV diagram, the object that is being specialized transfers its attributes to the newly created objects. This means that the attributes of the original object are inherited by the specialized objects. This allows the specialized objects to have the same attributes as the original object, but they can also have additional attributes specific to their specialization. This feature helps to organize and categorize objects in the diagram based on their shared attributes and characteristics.

82. Eksterni sloj u troslojnoj arhitekturi baze podataka je:

sloj kome se obraćaju aplikacije, tj. odgovarajući korisnički model baze

sloj koji obuhvata šeme modela podataka, sve relacije i ograničenja nad bazom

sloj baze koji se odnosi na zapisivanje konceptualnog sloja na nekom medijumu za čuvanje podataka

sloj koji povezuje konceptualni i interni sloj baze podataka

The correct answer is "sloj kome se obraćaju aplikacije, tj. odgovarajući korisnički model baze". This answer refers to the external layer in the three-layer architecture of a database. The external layer is the layer that applications interact with, and it represents the user's view of the database. It includes the appropriate user model of the database, allowing applications to access and manipulate the data according to the defined user model.

Explanation

The correct answer is "sloj kome se obraćaju aplikacije, tj. odgovarajući korisnički model baze". This answer refers to the external layer in the three-layer architecture of a database. The external layer is the layer that applications interact with, and it represents the user's view of the database. It includes the appropriate user model of the database, allowing applications to access and manipulate the data according to the defined user model.

83. Model objekti-veze odnosi se na:

uočavanje entiteta, atributa, ograničenja i njihovu grafičku predstavu

postupke kojima se vrši funkcionalna dekompozicija od vrha na dole

model fizičkog zapisa podataka na disku

eksterni pogled (VIEW) prema korisnicima i aplikacijama

The correct answer refers to the concept of object-relationship modeling, which involves identifying entities, attributes, constraints, and their graphical representation. This process helps in understanding the structure and relationships between different elements in a system or database.

Explanation

The correct answer refers to the concept of object-relationship modeling, which involves identifying entities, attributes, constraints, and their graphical representation. This process helps in understanding the structure and relationships between different elements in a system or database.

84. Šta su Jackson-ovi dijagrami?

Dijagrami funkcionalne dekompozicije jednog sistema od vrha na dole

Dijagrami kojima se definišu tokovi podataka u jednom sistemu (DTP)

Dijagrami za dekomponovanje poslovnih procesa

Dijagrami za definisanje interfejsa IS ka spoljnjem svetu

The correct answer is "Dijagrami funkcionalne dekompozicije jednog sistema od vrha na dole." This answer suggests that Jackson diagrams are used to decompose a system from top to bottom, meaning that they break down a system into smaller functional components.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Dijagrami funkcionalne dekompozicije jednog sistema od vrha na dole." This answer suggests that Jackson diagrams are used to decompose a system from top to bottom, meaning that they break down a system into smaller functional components.

85. Kardinalnost relacije r određuje:

broj domena nad kojima je definisana relacija

broj n-torki jedne relacije

broj različitih domena u definiciji relacije

broj atributa u sastavu primarnog ključa

The cardinality of a relation r determines the number of tuples in that relation.

Explanation

The cardinality of a relation r determines the number of tuples in that relation.

86. Obeležiti šta je karakteristično za relaciju r definisanu nad šemom relacije R:

redosled unosa n-torki je bitan

mogu se pojaviti dve iste n-torke u r (ako im je isti primarni ključ)

n-torke moraju da budu unikatne

redosled unosa n-torki nije bitan

The characteristic of the relation r defined over the set of relation R is that the tuples must be unique, meaning that no two tuples can have the same values. Additionally, the order in which the tuples are entered is not significant, meaning that the order of the tuples does not affect the relation.

Explanation

The characteristic of the relation r defined over the set of relation R is that the tuples must be unique, meaning that no two tuples can have the same values. Additionally, the order in which the tuples are entered is not significant, meaning that the order of the tuples does not affect the relation.

Submit

87. Primarni ključ jedne šeme relacije je:

izabrani kandidat ključ

ključ koji se koristi kao glavni za pristup svim relacijama u bazi podataka

ključ koji pokazuje na root mesto u bazi podataka

osnovni ključ u bazi podataka čiji deo može postati super ili kandidat ključ

The correct answer is "izabrani kandidat ključ" which translates to "selected candidate key" in English. In a relational database, the candidate key is a set of attributes that can uniquely identify each tuple in a relation. The selected candidate key is the chosen candidate key from all the possible candidate keys in a relation. It is the key that is ultimately used to uniquely identify tuples in the relation.

Explanation

The correct answer is "izabrani kandidat ključ" which translates to "selected candidate key" in English. In a relational database, the candidate key is a set of attributes that can uniquely identify each tuple in a relation. The selected candidate key is the chosen candidate key from all the possible candidate keys in a relation. It is the key that is ultimately used to uniquely identify tuples in the relation.

88. Spoljni (strani) ključ jedne šeme relacije je:

ključ koji na jedinstven način određuje svaku n-torku relacije

svaki podskup atributa te šeme koji je povezuje sa drugom relacijom

ključ izvan baze podataka koji se koristi za pristup podacima

svaki podskup atributa koji ne može da poprimi NULL vrednost

The correct answer is "svaki podskup atributa te šeme koji je povezuje sa drugom relacijom." This is because a foreign key is a subset of attributes in a relation that establishes a link or relationship with another relation. It is used to enforce referential integrity and maintain the relationship between two tables in a database.

Explanation

The correct answer is "svaki podskup atributa te šeme koji je povezuje sa drugom relacijom." This is because a foreign key is a subset of attributes in a relation that establishes a link or relationship with another relation. It is used to enforce referential integrity and maintain the relationship between two tables in a database.

89. Relacija r definisana nad šemom relacije R:

mora da ima n-torki koliko ima atributa

mora da ima bar dve unesene n-torke

može da ima 0 n-torki

mora da ima bar jednu unesenu n-torku

The correct answer is "može da ima 0 n-torki". This means that the relation r can have zero tuples or records. In other words, it is possible for the relation to be empty and not contain any data.

Explanation

The correct answer is "može da ima 0 n-torki". This means that the relation r can have zero tuples or records. In other words, it is possible for the relation to be empty and not contain any data.

90. Identifikacioni integritet definiše da:

strani ključ može da poprimi samo vrednost primarnog ključa u ciljnoj relaciji

ne mogu da postoje dve identične n-torke u relaciji

atributi jedne relacije su u funkcionalnoj zavisnosti

ne može se uneti NULL vrednost za neključne atribute

The correct answer states that there cannot be two identical n-tuples in a relation. This means that each tuple in the relation must have a unique combination of attribute values. This ensures that there are no duplicate records in the relation, which helps maintain data integrity and prevents redundancy.

Explanation

The correct answer states that there cannot be two identical n-tuples in a relation. This means that each tuple in the relation must have a unique combination of attribute values. This ensures that there are no duplicate records in the relation, which helps maintain data integrity and prevents redundancy.

91. Obeležiti klauzule koje se javljaju kod dinamičke specifikacije referencijalnog integriteta:

CASCADES

ANALYZE

REFERE

RESTRICTED

STOP

NULLS

The given answer includes three options: CASCADES, RESTRICTED, and NULLS. These options are all related to dynamic specification of referential integrity. CASCADES refers to the action of cascading updates or deletions to related records. RESTRICTED indicates that the referential integrity constraint restricts the modification or deletion of a referenced record. NULLS means that null values are allowed in the referenced column. Therefore, these three options are the correct ones for the given question.

Explanation

The given answer includes three options: CASCADES, RESTRICTED, and NULLS. These options are all related to dynamic specification of referential integrity. CASCADES refers to the action of cascading updates or deletions to related records. RESTRICTED indicates that the referential integrity constraint restricts the modification or deletion of a referenced record. NULLS means that null values are allowed in the referenced column. Therefore, these three options are the correct ones for the given question.

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92. Konceptualni sloj u troslojnoj arhitekturi baze podataka je:

sloj kome se obraćaju aplikacije, tj. odgovarajući korisnički model baze

sloj koji obuhvata šeme modela podataka, sve relacije i ograničenja nad bazom

sloj baze koji se odnosi na zapisivanje konceptualnog sloja na nekom medijumu za čuvanje podataka

sloj koji je iznad eksternog i internog sloja baze podataka

The correct answer is "sloj koji obuhvata šeme modela podataka, sve relacije i ograničenja nad bazom". This is because the conceptual layer in a three-tier database architecture refers to the layer that includes the data model schemas, all relations, and constraints on the database. It is the layer that applications interact with and represents the user's view of the database.

Explanation

The correct answer is "sloj koji obuhvata šeme modela podataka, sve relacije i ograničenja nad bazom". This is because the conceptual layer in a three-tier database architecture refers to the layer that includes the data model schemas, all relations, and constraints on the database. It is the layer that applications interact with and represents the user's view of the database.

93. Primarni ključ jedne relacije je:

jedinstven identifikator svakog zapisa u tabeli

atribut koji se javlja na prvom mestu u spisku atributa i najviše opisuje dati entitet

ključ koji pokazuje na drugu relaciju i povezuje je da njom

jedinstven identifikator osnovne kolone u jednoj tabeli

The primary key of a relation is a unique identifier for each record in the table. It serves as a way to uniquely identify each row in the table and is used to enforce data integrity and establish relationships with other tables through foreign keys.

Explanation

The primary key of a relation is a unique identifier for each record in the table. It serves as a way to uniquely identify each row in the table and is used to enforce data integrity and establish relationships with other tables through foreign keys.

94. Specijalizacija kod DOV dijagrama je:

predstavljanje specifičnih slučajeva jednog entiteta (konkretizacija)

objedinjavanje specijalnih slučajeva entiteta u jedinstveni nadtip

davanje imena svim objektima i svim vezama, uz definisanje kardinalnosti

rastavljanje struktuiranih atributa na osnovne tipove podataka

The specialization in a DOV diagram refers to the representation of specific cases of one entity, known as concretization. It involves identifying and representing unique instances or variations of an entity within the diagram. This allows for a more detailed and specific depiction of the different scenarios or variations that may exist within the entity.

Explanation

The specialization in a DOV diagram refers to the representation of specific cases of one entity, known as concretization. It involves identifying and representing unique instances or variations of an entity within the diagram. This allows for a more detailed and specific depiction of the different scenarios or variations that may exist within the entity.

95. Spoljni (strani) ključ jedne šeme relacije:

može da poprimi bilo koju vrednost

može da poprimi vrednost primarnog ključa u ciljnoj relaciji

može da poprimi NULL vrednost

može da se promeni na bilo koju vrednost

The correct answer is "može da poprimi vrednost primarnog ključa u ciljnoj relaciji, može da poprimi NULL vrednost". This means that the foreign key in a relationship can take on the value of the primary key in the target relation, or it can be NULL. This allows for the establishment of a connection between the two relations and allows for flexibility in the data that can be stored.

Explanation

The correct answer is "može da poprimi vrednost primarnog ključa u ciljnoj relaciji, može da poprimi NULL vrednost". This means that the foreign key in a relationship can take on the value of the primary key in the target relation, or it can be NULL. This allows for the establishment of a connection between the two relations and allows for flexibility in the data that can be stored.

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96. Obeležiti karakteristike šeme relacije u RBP:

redosled atributa je bitan (prvo se navodi primarni ključ)

nazivi atributa moraju biti različiti

šema relacije mora da sadrži bar jedan atribut

atributi moraju da budu prosti

The given answer states that the characteristics of a relation in RBP are that attribute names must be different and the relation schema must contain at least one attribute. This means that in a relation, each attribute must have a unique name and there must be at least one attribute present in the relation schema. These characteristics ensure that the relation is well-defined and can be used effectively in a database system.

Explanation

The given answer states that the characteristics of a relation in RBP are that attribute names must be different and the relation schema must contain at least one attribute. This means that in a relation, each attribute must have a unique name and there must be at least one attribute present in the relation schema. These characteristics ensure that the relation is well-defined and can be used effectively in a database system.

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97. Sledeća specifikacija referencijalnog integriteta Radnik[SifNad] Í Radnik[SifR]ÈNULL za šemu Radnik(SifR, Ime, Adresa, SifNad) obezbeđuje:

da se za SifR može uneti NULL vrednost

da se za SifNad može uneti NULL vrednost

da se za SifNad ne može uneti NULL vrednost

da se za SifR ne može uneti NULL vrednost

The correct answer is that for the attribute SifNad, a NULL value can be entered. This means that the attribute SifNad is allowed to have missing or unknown values in the table.

Explanation

The correct answer is that for the attribute SifNad, a NULL value can be entered. This means that the attribute SifNad is allowed to have missing or unknown values in the table.

98. Dijagrami tokova podataka (DTP) opisuju:

tokove podataka i informacija u sistemu

funkcionalnu vezu od vrha na dole

dekomponovanu šemu funkcionalnih veza jedne organizacije

detaljan plan za povezivanje procesa jednog informacionog sistema

Dijagrami tokova podataka (DTP) opisuju tokove podataka i informacija u sistemu. They provide a visual representation of how data moves through a system, showing the inputs, outputs, and processes involved. DTPs help to identify the sources and destinations of data, as well as the transformations and interactions that occur along the way. By depicting the flow of data, DTPs can aid in understanding and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of a system.

Explanation

Dijagrami tokova podataka (DTP) opisuju tokove podataka i informacija u sistemu. They provide a visual representation of how data moves through a system, showing the inputs, outputs, and processes involved. DTPs help to identify the sources and destinations of data, as well as the transformations and interactions that occur along the way. By depicting the flow of data, DTPs can aid in understanding and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of a system.

99. Interni sloj u troslojnoj arhitekturi baze podataka je:

sloj kome se obraćaju aplikacije, tj. odgovarajući korisnički model baze

sloj koji obuhvata šeme modela podataka, sve relacije i ograničenja nad bazom

sloj baze koji se odnosi na zapisivanje konceptualnog sloja na nekom medijumu za čuvanje podataka

sloj koji povezuje konceptualni i interni sloj baze podataka

The correct answer is the layer of the database that is responsible for storing the conceptual layer on a storage medium. This layer is responsible for physically writing the data to a storage device, such as a hard drive or solid-state drive. It is the lowest level of the three-layer architecture and handles the physical storage and retrieval of data.

Explanation

The correct answer is the layer of the database that is responsible for storing the conceptual layer on a storage medium. This layer is responsible for physically writing the data to a storage device, such as a hard drive or solid-state drive. It is the lowest level of the three-layer architecture and handles the physical storage and retrieval of data.

100. Super ključ jedne šeme relacije je:

svaki podskup atributa te šeme koji jednoznačno određuje n-torke u relaciji

ključ koji najbolje definiše sve n-torke jedne relacije

ključ koji se nalazi izvan baze podataka i postavlja ga administrator sistema

tajni ključ za pristup bazi podataka

The correct answer is "svaki podskup atributa te šeme koji jednoznačno određuje n-torke u relaciji." This answer states that a super key of a relation is any subset of attributes of the schema that uniquely determines the tuples in the relation. In other words, a super key is a set of attributes that can be used to uniquely identify each tuple in the relation.

Explanation

The correct answer is "svaki podskup atributa te šeme koji jednoznačno određuje n-torke u relaciji." This answer states that a super key of a relation is any subset of attributes of the schema that uniquely determines the tuples in the relation. In other words, a super key is a set of attributes that can be used to uniquely identify each tuple in the relation.

101. Šta je karakteristično za spoljni (strani) ključ jedne šeme relacije:

kada nema prirodnog rešenja bira se redni broj unosa za spoljni ključ

ne sme da poprimi NULL vrednost

ne može se dva puta pojaviti ista vrednost za spoljni ključ u istoj relaciji

može da bude u sastavu primarnog ključa iste relacije

The correct answer is that a foreign key can be part of the primary key of the same relation. This means that the value of the foreign key can also be used as a part of the primary key, allowing for the identification of a specific record in the relation. This is useful in establishing relationships between different tables and ensuring data integrity.

Explanation

The correct answer is that a foreign key can be part of the primary key of the same relation. This means that the value of the foreign key can also be used as a part of the primary key, allowing for the identification of a specific record in the relation. This is useful in establishing relationships between different tables and ensuring data integrity.

102. Agregacija kod DOV dijagrama je:

isključivanje nerelevantnih atributa pri opisu entiteta

apstrakcija u kojoj se skup sličnih tipova objekata predstavlja opštim tipom

klasa veza koja se ponaša kao klasa objekata i može da učestvuje u drugim vezama

uključivanje nepovezanih objekata u jedinstvenu DOV šemu

Aggregation in the DOV diagram refers to a class of relationship that behaves like a class of objects and can participate in other relationships. It allows for the inclusion of unrelated objects in a unified DOV scheme.

Explanation

Aggregation in the DOV diagram refers to a class of relationship that behaves like a class of objects and can participate in other relationships. It allows for the inclusion of unrelated objects in a unified DOV scheme.

103. Funkcionalni dijagrami:

prevashodno se bave analizom i tokovima podataka pri gradnji informacionog sistema

odnose se i na podatke i na procese, kao i na funkcije u okviru organizacija

pokazuju tokove podataka u organizaciji, na osnovu kojih se vrši razrada i implementacija odgovarajućih softverskih modula

ne bave se podacima koji postoje u sistemu, već samo ističu važnost i kompleksnost pojedinačnih poslovnih funkcija

Functional diagrams primarily focus on analyzing and data flows in the construction of an information system. They relate to both data and processes, as well as functions within organizations. They show the data flows within an organization, which are used for the development and implementation of corresponding software modules. However, functional diagrams do not deal with the data that already exists in the system, but only highlight the importance and complexity of individual business functions.

Explanation

Functional diagrams primarily focus on analyzing and data flows in the construction of an information system. They relate to both data and processes, as well as functions within organizations. They show the data flows within an organization, which are used for the development and implementation of corresponding software modules. However, functional diagrams do not deal with the data that already exists in the system, but only highlight the importance and complexity of individual business functions.

104. Referencijalni integritet definiše da:

ne mogu da postoje dve identične n-torke u relaciji

atributi jedne relacije su u funkcionalnoj zavisnosti

ne može se uneti NULL vrednost za neključne atribute

strani ključ može da poprimi samo vrednost primarnog ključa u ciljnoj relaciji ili NULL vrednost

The correct answer states that the referential integrity defines that a foreign key can only take the value of the primary key in the target relation or a NULL value. This means that when establishing a relationship between two tables, the value in the foreign key column must either match a value in the primary key column of the target table or be NULL. This ensures that the data remains consistent and prevents any orphaned records or invalid references.

Explanation

The correct answer states that the referential integrity defines that a foreign key can only take the value of the primary key in the target relation or a NULL value. This means that when establishing a relationship between two tables, the value in the foreign key column must either match a value in the primary key column of the target table or be NULL. This ensures that the data remains consistent and prevents any orphaned records or invalid references.

105. Šta su procesi kod dijagrama toka podataka (DTP)?

Predstavljaju specifičnu poslovnu aktivnost u jednoj organizaciji

Predstavljaju prenos podataka sa jednog na drugo skladište

Veze između okoline i konkretnog informacionog sistema

Predstavljaju konkretizaciju spoljnih zahteva na odgovarajuće skladište podataka

The correct answer is "Predstavljaju specifičnu poslovnu aktivnost u jednoj organizaciji." This is because data flow diagrams (DFDs) are used to represent the flow of data within a system or organization. They show how data is input, processed, and outputted as part of specific business activities. DFDs help to visualize and understand the data flow and processes within an organization, making them a valuable tool for analyzing and improving business processes.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Predstavljaju specifičnu poslovnu aktivnost u jednoj organizaciji." This is because data flow diagrams (DFDs) are used to represent the flow of data within a system or organization. They show how data is input, processed, and outputted as part of specific business activities. DFDs help to visualize and understand the data flow and processes within an organization, making them a valuable tool for analyzing and improving business processes.

106. Opis logike primitivnih procesa predstavlja:

opis funkcionalne dekompozicije sistema

opis tokova podataka u sistemu

definisanje strukture, polja, domena i ograničenja

početak implementacije sistema

The correct answer is "početak implementacije sistema" because it means "beginning of system implementation" in English. The other options in the question are not related to the concept of "opis logike primitivnih procesa" which translates to "description of the logic of primitive processes." Therefore, the correct answer indicates that it is the starting point of implementing the system.

Explanation

The correct answer is "početak implementacije sistema" because it means "beginning of system implementation" in English. The other options in the question are not related to the concept of "opis logike primitivnih procesa" which translates to "description of the logic of primitive processes." Therefore, the correct answer indicates that it is the starting point of implementing the system.

107. Opis logike primitivnih procesa se radi:

nakon funkcionalne dekompozicije i definisanja tokova podataka i njihove strukture

pre funkcionalne dekompozicije sa ciljem da se bolje definišu svi procesi

nakon funkcionalne dekompozicije, a pre definisanja strukture podataka sa ciljem boljeg definisanja podataka

nakon implementacije u odgovarajućem softveru, a osnovni cilj je potpuna dokumentacija svih primitivnih procesa

The correct answer is "pre funkcionalne dekompozicije sa ciljem da se bolje definišu svi procesi". This is because the question is asking about when the description of primitive processes is done, and this answer states that it is done before functional decomposition in order to better define all processes.

Explanation

The correct answer is "pre funkcionalne dekompozicije sa ciljem da se bolje definišu svi procesi". This is because the question is asking about when the description of primitive processes is done, and this answer states that it is done before functional decomposition in order to better define all processes.

108. Dijagrami objekti-veze su važni za:

efikasno smeštanje podataka na disk

celokupno i tačno modelovanje organizacije

efikasno izvršavanje upita i ažuriranje buduće baze podataka

bolje definisanje tokova podataka u jednoj organizaciji

The correct answer is "celokupno i tačno modelovanje organizacije" (comprehensive and accurate modeling of the organization). This means that object-relationship diagrams are important for creating a complete and accurate representation of an organization's structure and processes. These diagrams help in understanding the relationships between different objects and entities within the organization, enabling better decision-making and planning.

Explanation

The correct answer is "celokupno i tačno modelovanje organizacije" (comprehensive and accurate modeling of the organization). This means that object-relationship diagrams are important for creating a complete and accurate representation of an organization's structure and processes. These diagrams help in understanding the relationships between different objects and entities within the organization, enabling better decision-making and planning.

109. Kardinalnost kod DOV dijagrama je:

broj uočenih entiteta

maksimalan broj atributa vezan za jedan entitet

broj objekata u vezi (dva objekta - binarna, tri - unarna itd.)

odnos broja objekata koji se povezuju

The correct answer is "odnos broja objekata koji se povezuju" which translates to "the ratio of the number of objects that are connected." This means that the cardinality in a DOV diagram represents the relationship between the number of objects that are connected to each other. It does not refer to the number of observed entities or the maximum number of attributes related to one entity.

Explanation

The correct answer is "odnos broja objekata koji se povezuju" which translates to "the ratio of the number of objects that are connected." This means that the cardinality in a DOV diagram represents the relationship between the number of objects that are connected to each other. It does not refer to the number of observed entities or the maximum number of attributes related to one entity.

110. Stepen relacije r određuje:

broj domena nad kojima je definisana relacija

broj n-torki jedne relacije

broj različitih domena u definiciji relacije

redni broj unosa

The correct answer is "broj domena nad kojima je definisana relacija" which translates to "the number of domains over which the relation is defined." This means that the relation is determined by the number of different sets of values that the relation can take, or the number of different types of data that the relation can operate on.

Explanation

The correct answer is "broj domena nad kojima je definisana relacija" which translates to "the number of domains over which the relation is defined." This means that the relation is determined by the number of different sets of values that the relation can take, or the number of different types of data that the relation can operate on.