Basic Urology And Red Flags 1/1

The statement is true because a red flag in this context refers to a warning sign or symptom that indicates a more serious condition. In this case, a patient who previously had a urinary tract infection (UTI) but now presents with symptoms such as chills, fever, and altered mental status is indicative of a possible pyelonephritis, which is a more severe infection that involves the kidneys. Therefore, the statement is correct.

UTI in women commonly presents with symptoms such as dysuria (pain or discomfort during urination), urgency (a strong and immediate need to urinate), and suprapubic pain (pain in the lower abdomen, specifically above the pubic bone). These symptoms are often indicative of a urinary tract infection and are frequently observed in women who have contracted a UTI. Therefore, the given answer "True" is correct as it accurately describes the typical presentation of UTI in women.

Thick greenish yellow discharge from the penis is indeed often due to gonorrhea. Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It commonly causes symptoms such as discharge from the penis, which can be thick, greenish, or yellow in color. Therefore, the statement is true.

The ideal urine color indicating good hydration is a light straw color because it suggests that the individual is well-hydrated. Darker urine colors, such as amber or brown, can indicate dehydration, while clear or colorless urine may suggest overhydration. A light straw color indicates a healthy balance of water in the body and adequate hydration levels.

Urine that changes in sunlight is indeed an indication of porphyria. Porphyria is a group of rare genetic disorders that affect the production of heme, a component of hemoglobin. One type of porphyria, called porphyria cutanea tarda, can cause the urine to become dark or reddish-brown in color when exposed to sunlight. This occurs due to the accumulation of porphyrins, which are byproducts of heme production, in the urine. Therefore, if someone's urine changes color when exposed to sunlight, it could be a sign of porphyria.

Cola colored urine can be caused by the presence of bilirubin or myoglobin. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is produced when red blood cells break down, and its presence in urine can indicate liver or gallbladder problems. Myoglobin is a protein found in muscle tissues, and its presence in urine can indicate muscle damage or injury. Therefore, it is true that cola colored urine could be due to either bilirubin or myoglobin.

The statement is false because urinary tract infections (UTIs) typically do not cause symptoms such as incomplete voiding, dribbling, and poor urinary stream in male patients. These symptoms are more commonly associated with conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate) or urethral stricture. UTIs in males usually present with symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, burning sensation during urination, and cloudy or bloody urine.

CVA tenderness refers to pain or discomfort in the area of the kidneys, known as the costovertebral angle. While CVA tenderness can be a sign of kidney infection or inflammation, it is not directly indicative of bacteremia, which is the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream. Bacteremia can have various symptoms, but CVA tenderness alone is not specific to it. Therefore, the given statement is false.

Renal colic typically presents with severe pain originating from the kidney region and radiating towards the groin or lower abdomen, rather than the buttock region. Therefore, the statement that renal colic often presents with severe pain radiating into the buttock region from the flanks is false.

Testicular torsion is indeed a true red flag that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. If left untreated, it can lead to the loss of a testicle. Therefore, the correct answer should be "True."