Audio Engineering - Midi, Binary & Hex

128 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 = 16 + 1 = 17

128 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 = 32 + 1 = 33

128 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 127

128 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1
x x 1 0 0 0 1 0 = 32 + 2 = 34

16 | 1
1 0 = (1x16) + (0x1) = 16

128 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 = 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 = 254

8 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
1 0 0 0 = (8x1) + (0x4) + (2x0) + (1x0) = 8

The Hex columns represent hexadecimal numbers, which range from 0 to F. In hexadecimal, the digits 0-9 represent the numbers 0-9, and the letters A-F represent the numbers 10-15. Therefore, the character "10" cannot be entered into either of the Hex columns because it is not a valid hexadecimal digit.

The largest value that can be entered into a single hex column is F. In hexadecimal, F represents the decimal value 15. Hexadecimal numbers range from 0 to F, where A represents 10, B represents 11, C represents 12, D represents 13, E represents 14, and F represents 15. Therefore, F is the highest value in a single hex column.

The number 255 is equal to 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 in binary form. In binary, each digit represents a power of 2, starting from the rightmost digit as 2^0. So, when all the digits are 1, it means that each digit represents a power of 2 and when added together, they equal 255 in decimal form.

16 | 1
7 F = (7x16) + (15x1) = 127

The full structure of a controller message is represented by the answer [B-Channel Number] [Which Controller] [Controller Value]. This structure indicates that the message starts with the channel number, followed by the specific controller being used, and ends with the value of the controller. This format allows for clear and standardized communication between MIDI devices, ensuring that the intended controller action and value are properly transmitted and interpreted.

1111 | 0001

1111 = 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 15, hex equivilant F. This value is placed on the left hand side of the hex collumn
0001 = 1, this value is placed on the right hand side of the hex collumn

= F 1

Check Sum:
Hex = F 1 = (15x16) + (1x1) = 241
Binary = 11110001 = 128+64+32+16+0+0+0+1 =

16 | 1
A 1 = (10x16) + (1x1) = 161

The first 8 columns in binary represent the values 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, and 1. These values are obtained by starting with the value 1 and doubling it for each subsequent column.

A status byte contains information about the type of message being sent and the channel number on which it is being transmitted. This information is important for the receiving device to interpret and respond to the message correctly. Other options such as Controller Type, Note On, Velocity, and Sys Ex are not typically included in the status byte.

Running Status is the function being described in the given passage. Running Status is a feature in MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) communication where the status byte is only sent once if it is repeated consecutively. This helps reduce the amount of unnecessary data being transmitted. The passage explains that the significance of a data byte beginning with 0 and a status byte beginning with 1 allows the system to instantly differentiate between the two. In the example given, instead of sending multiple status bytes in a string of note on messages, Running Status would remove the repeated status bytes and only send the necessary data bytes.

The structure of a MIDI message is typically composed of a status byte followed by two data bytes. The status byte indicates the type of message being sent, such as note on/off or control change. The data bytes contain the specific information associated with the message, such as the note number or the control value. In this case, the correct answer is "Status Byte, Data Byte 1, Data Byte 2," which follows the standard MIDI message structure.

A two character hex can represent values from 0 to 255. Therefore, the largest value that can be represented by two character hex is 255.

In binary, a status byte always begins with a 1 because the most significant bit (MSB) is used to indicate the status of the byte. This convention allows for easy differentiation between status and data bytes in binary representation.

16 | 1
F A = (15x16) + (10x1) = 250

The two columns in two character Hex are represented by the numbers 16 and 1. In hexadecimal notation, the first column represents the higher order digit and the second column represents the lower order digit. Therefore, the correct order of the two columns is 16 followed by 1.

Remember, digital devices only understand power on and power off, binary is the human representation of machine code.

The first character states the type of message, a B message is a controller message
The 2nd character states the channel number + 1, remember the channels on midi are 1-16 and the values available in hex are 0-F

Digital devices communicate using machine code, which is a low-level programming language consisting of instructions that can be directly executed by the computer's hardware. Machine code is specific to the architecture of the computer and is represented by binary digits (0s and 1s). It is the most fundamental form of communication between the hardware and software of a digital device, allowing the device to perform tasks and execute programs.