IC3 Computing Fundamentals Preparation Test Final 2

Booting a computer refers to the initial stage of the flow of information in a computer, where the system is powered on and the operating system is loaded into the computer's memory. This process includes the hardware initialization, self-tests, and loading of necessary software components to prepare the computer for use. Therefore, the correct answer is "Startup of the computer."

An upgrade is most likely to be beneficial because it offers new features. Upgrades typically provide additional functionalities or improvements to existing software or hardware, enhancing the user experience and increasing productivity. By introducing new features, upgrades can help users stay up to date with the latest technology advancements and enjoy enhanced capabilities that were not available in the previous version.

A voice synthesizer is not a common input device because it is primarily used as an output device. It takes text or other input and converts it into spoken words or sounds. In contrast, a keyboard, microphone, and mouse are all commonly used input devices. A keyboard allows users to input text and commands, a microphone allows users to input audio, and a mouse allows users to input movement and commands through clicking and scrolling.

A person who uses early versions of software during the development process to find errors is referred to as a beta tester. Beta testers play a crucial role in identifying bugs, glitches, and other issues in the software before it is released to the general public. They provide valuable feedback to the developers, helping them improve the software's performance and user experience. By actively testing and reporting any problems they encounter, beta testers contribute to the overall quality and stability of the final product.

A spreadsheet software would be appropriate for accounting because it allows users to organize and manipulate numerical data efficiently. Spreadsheets provide features such as formulas, functions, and formatting options that are specifically designed for financial calculations and analysis. Additionally, spreadsheets can be used to create budgets, track expenses, generate financial statements, and perform other accounting tasks effectively.

The SI prefixes represent powers of 10, with each prefix representing a different magnitude. The prefix "kilo" represents 10^3, "mega" represents 10^6, "giga" represents 10^9, and "tera" represents 10^12. Therefore, the correct order from smallest to largest is "kilo, mega, giga, tera."

Debugging is the correct answer because it refers to the process of identifying and fixing errors or bugs in software code. It involves troubleshooting and resolving issues that may cause the software to malfunction or not perform as intended. Debugging is an essential step in the software development and maintenance process to ensure the software functions correctly and meets the desired requirements.

An upgrade typically refers to a major version update of a software that includes significant improvements, new features, or enhanced functionality. Unlike patches, updates, or service releases, upgrades often require additional payment as they provide substantial enhancements and advancements to the software. Therefore, upgrades are usually associated with costs, making them the correct answer in this context.

A driver is a program that works with an operating system to manage a device. It acts as a bridge between the device and the operating system, allowing them to communicate and work together effectively. The driver provides the necessary instructions and protocols for the device to function properly within the operating system environment. Without a driver, the device may not be recognized or utilized correctly by the operating system. Therefore, a driver is essential for the proper functioning and management of a device within an operating system.

GUI (Graphical User Interface) is not an operating system, but rather a type of interface that allows users to interact with the operating system. Operating systems, on the other hand, are the software that manages computer hardware and software resources, provides services to applications, and allows users to run programs. UNIX, DOS, and Windows are all examples of operating systems.

ROM is a type of computer memory that is non-volatile, meaning that its contents are not lost when the power is turned off. Unlike temporary storage or removable storage, ROM is designed to permanently store data, instructions, and programs that are essential for the operation of a computer system. This makes ROM ideal for storing firmware and other critical information that needs to be retained even when the power is not available.

A surge suppressor is designed to protect electronic devices, including computers, from sudden spikes in electric voltage. These spikes, also known as power surges, can occur due to lightning strikes, power outages, or electrical faults. Surge suppressors have built-in components that divert excess voltage away from the connected devices, preventing damage to their sensitive components. They are a crucial component in safeguarding computers and other electronics against electrical surges, ensuring their longevity and uninterrupted operation.

DVD-R is considered optical storage media because it uses optical technology to read and write data. Optical storage media uses lasers to read and write data onto a disc, such as a DVD. In the case of a DVD-R, it can be written to once and then becomes a read-only disc. This is different from other options like a hard disk, SD card, or removable disk, which are all examples of magnetic or flash storage media, not optical.

The brightness of projector devices is rated in lumens. Lumens is a unit of measurement that quantifies the total amount of visible light emitted by a source. It is used to determine the brightness or intensity of a projector's output. Watts, amps, and ohms are not suitable units for measuring brightness, as they are used to measure power, current, and electrical resistance, respectively.

A device with a battery that continues to supply constant power even during brownouts or power outages is called a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply). A UPS serves as a backup power source, providing uninterrupted electricity to connected devices, protecting them from power fluctuations or outages. Unlike plug strips, surge suppressors, and circuit breakers, a UPS has a built-in battery that allows it to provide continuous power supply, ensuring that devices remain operational during power disruptions.

Disk fragmentation refers to a maintenance problem that is not caused by dirt or dust accumulation. Disk fragmentation occurs when files on a computer's hard drive are broken up into small pieces and scattered across different locations. This can slow down the computer's performance as it takes longer to retrieve and access the fragmented files. Unlike dirt or dust accumulation, which can cause overheating or sticky keyboard keys, disk fragmentation is a result of the way files are stored and accessed on a computer's hard drive.

Freeware, shareware, and student discount are all types of low-cost computer software. Freeware refers to software that is available for free and can be used without any restrictions. Shareware is software that is initially provided for free but requires payment for continued use or access to additional features. Student discount refers to software that is offered at a reduced price for students. These options provide cost-effective solutions for users who are looking for affordable software options.

ROM stands for Read-Only Memory, which is a type of non-volatile memory that stores the initial programming or firmware of a computer. It contains the instructions necessary to boot up the computer when it is first turned on. Unlike RAM or Hard Disk, ROM retains its data even when the power is turned off, making it ideal for storing essential startup instructions that are required every time the computer is powered on. CDs, on the other hand, can also store data, but they are not typically used to store the initial programming of a computer.

A byte is a unit of data that is composed of 8 bits. This means that a byte consists of 8 binary digits, each of which can be either a 0 or a 1. Therefore, the correct answer is that a byte is a unit of data 8 bits long.

Sharing resources on a network allows for efficient use of resources and cost savings. However, allowing each worker to function independently goes against the concept of resource sharing. When resources are shared, it promotes collaboration and teamwork by allowing multiple users to access and utilize the same resources, such as printers, internet connections, and file transfers. Allowing each worker to function independently would imply that they do not need to rely on shared resources, which contradicts the purpose of resource sharing on a network.

Database information is typically stored in tables. Tables are used to organize and store data in a structured manner, with each table representing a specific entity or concept. Tables consist of rows and columns, where each row represents a record and each column represents a field or attribute of that record. Therefore, tables are the primary means of storing and managing data in a database.

DOS, which stands for Disk Operating System, is a character-based operating system. Unlike GUI (Graphical User Interface) operating systems like Mac OS and Windows, DOS operates primarily through command-line interfaces, where users interact with the system by typing commands and receiving text-based responses. DOS was widely used in the early days of personal computing and is known for its simplicity and efficiency in managing files and running applications.

Peripheral devices are devices that are not built into the computer at the time of production but can be plugged into the computer. These devices extend the capabilities of the computer and provide additional functionality. Examples of peripheral devices include printers, scanners, keyboards, and mice. They are called peripheral devices because they are connected to the computer through peripheral ports such as USB, HDMI, or Bluetooth. These devices are not essential for the basic functioning of the computer but enhance its usability and performance.

The ability to run new software in five years is the least important criterion for selecting a personal computer because technology is constantly evolving and new software requirements can change rapidly. It is more important to consider the platform (such as Windows or Mac), available software options, and portability, as these factors have a more immediate impact on the computer's usability and functionality.

A database would be appropriate for keeping monthly customer bill payment records at a credit card company because it allows for efficient storage, organization, and retrieval of large amounts of structured data. It can handle complex queries and provide secure access to authorized users. Additionally, a database can support data integrity and ensure accuracy and consistency in recording and managing customer payment information.

The correct answer is cable, port, expansion card, expansion slot, motherboard. This is the correct order in which the items are connected from the peripheral device to the computer. The cable is used to physically connect the peripheral device to the computer. The port is the interface on the computer where the cable is plugged in. The expansion card is inserted into the expansion slot on the motherboard to add additional functionality. The expansion slot is a connector on the motherboard that allows for the installation of expansion cards. Finally, the motherboard is the main circuit board of the computer that connects all the components together.

The outer edge of a hard disk moves the fastest past the read and write heads because the rotational speed of the disk is constant. As the read and write heads are positioned closer to the center of the disk, the linear speed decreases. Therefore, the outer edge is the most desirable location for commonly used files as it allows for faster access and retrieval of data.