Asthma Conf 09: Performing Spirometry And Spirometry Interpretation

Explanation
Flow Based spirometers are the primary type of spirometers used today. These spirometers measure the rate of airflow during inhalation and exhalation, providing information about the volume of air that can be inhaled and exhaled by the lungs. They are widely used in clinical settings to diagnose and monitor respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung function impairment. Flow based spirometers are preferred over volume or effort based spirometers as they provide more accurate and reliable measurements of lung function. Whole Body Plethysmograph, on the other hand, is a different type of device used to measure lung volumes and airway resistance, but it is not the primary type of spirometer used today.

Explanation
Barometric pressure does affect the measurements of some spirometers. Spirometers measure lung function by calculating the volume of air inhaled and exhaled. Changes in barometric pressure can influence the volume of air measured, as it affects the density of the air. Higher barometric pressure leads to denser air, resulting in smaller volume measurements, while lower barometric pressure leads to less dense air and larger volume measurements. Therefore, it is important to consider and account for barometric pressure when using spirometers to ensure accurate measurements.

Explanation
The top part of the curve refers to the highest point on a graph or chart. In the context of the options provided, expiration is the most appropriate answer. During expiration, the lungs are actively exhaling air, resulting in a decrease in lung volume. This is represented by the top part of the curve on a graph depicting lung volume over time. Inspiration, on the other hand, refers to the process of inhaling air, which would be represented by the bottom part of the curve. Volume and capacity are general terms that do not specifically relate to the top part of the curve.

Explanation
If maneuvers sequentially decrease but show sharp peak flow numbers, it could indicate hyperactivity. In this case, it is recommended to give a bronchodilator to the patient and repeat the test. This is because a bronchodilator can help relax the airway muscles and improve airflow, which may provide a clearer picture of the patient's lung function. By repeating the test, it allows for a more accurate assessment of the patient's condition.

Explanation
A patient can be obstructed to the extent that their test results appear restrictive. This means that their airways are partially or completely blocked, leading to difficulty in breathing and reduced lung function. This obstruction can be caused by various factors such as inflammation, mucus buildup, or physical blockage. The restricted test results typically show decreased airflow and reduced lung volumes, indicating impaired respiratory function.