Arthropoda: How Well You Know? Quiz

The Arthropod cuticle is a protective layer that covers the body of arthropods. The epicuticles, which are the outermost layers of the cuticle, play a crucial role in preventing water loss. They are composed of a waxy substance that forms a waterproof barrier, reducing the evaporation of water from the arthropod's body. This helps the arthropod to retain moisture and prevent dehydration. Therefore, both "waxy" and "Waxy" are correct answers as they accurately describe the nature of the epicuticles in limiting water loss.

Chilopoda are carnivorous centipedes, and Diplopoda are herbivorous/detritivorous millipedes.

Metamorphosis is the process by which insects undergo a series of distinct developmental stages, allowing them to occupy different ecological niches as adults and larvae. This transformation involves significant changes in body structure, physiology, and behavior. Through metamorphosis, insects can adapt to different environments, exploit different food sources, and avoid competition between adults and larvae for the same resources. This strategy enhances their survival and reproductive success by maximizing their utilization of available resources and reducing competition within their species.

Myriapoda is a subphylum of arthropods that includes classes such as Chilopoda and Diplopoda. Chilopoda, also known as centipedes, are elongated arthropods with many legs and a single pair of legs per body segment. Diplopoda, also known as millipedes, are arthropods with two pairs of legs per body segment. Therefore, both Chilopoda and Diplopoda are included in the subphylum Myriapoda.

The correct answer is "limbs, legs" because gene expression indicates that gills and book lungs have undergone significant modifications, suggesting that they are highly adapted structures related to limbs and legs.

Insects, millipedes, and some spiders have developed a novel system called tracheal respiration, which is not derived from limbs. Tracheal respiration involves a network of tubes called tracheae that deliver oxygen directly to the tissues of the organism. This system allows for efficient gas exchange without the need for specialized respiratory organs like gills or book lungs.

Arthropods are a diverse group of animals that includes insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and others. This question is stating that all Arthropod groups, except insects, have an ancient marine origin and colonized terrestrial environments multiple times. This means that these groups originated in the ancient oceans and later adapted to live on land, while insects have a different origin and did not go through the same colonization process.

I know the lecture said there are 6 living sub-phyla but only listed 5 and I can't find the 6th so deal with it :P

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Chelicerates have internalized their gills to form book lungs. This means that their gills, which were originally located externally, have been brought inside the body and transformed into book lungs. Book lungs are respiratory organs found in some arachnids, such as spiders and scorpions. They consist of stacked, leaf-like structures that allow for gas exchange between the arachnid's body and the surrounding environment. This adaptation is believed to have evolved as a way for chelicerates to efficiently obtain oxygen while reducing the risk of desiccation.

The correct answer is Onychophora. Onychophora is a subphylum of invertebrates that includes velvet worms. They share several characteristics with arthropods, such as segmented bodies and jointed legs, which suggest a close evolutionary relationship. Lobopods, which are worm-like organisms with fleshy, unjointed legs, are considered to be the probable ancestors of arthropods. Onychophora is the closest living relative to lobopods and is therefore believed to be the closest living relative to the ancestor of arthropods.

The Cheliceriformes class includes Merostomata, Eurypterida, Pycnogonida, and Arachnida. These classes are all part of the larger group of arthropods, which includes animals with jointed legs and a segmented body. Merostomata includes horseshoe crabs, Eurypterida includes extinct sea scorpions, Pycnogonida includes sea spiders, and Arachnida includes spiders, scorpions, and other arachnids. Worms and Chilopoda are not included in the Cheliceriformes class.