Applied Physics 2(Light) (TTA)

Light can travel in both air and vacuum because light is an electromagnetic wave that does not require a medium to propagate. In air, light travels by interacting with the molecules present in the atmosphere. In vacuum, there are no molecules to interact with, but light can still propagate as there is no obstruction. This is why light can travel in both air and vacuum.

Luminous objects are those that emit their own light, such as the sun, a light bulb, or a candle flame. They are able to produce light through processes like combustion or the emission of photons. Non-luminous objects, on the other hand, do not emit light and can only be seen by reflecting light from a luminous source. Transparent objects allow light to pass through them without scattering, while opaque objects do not allow light to pass through and reflect or absorb it instead.

The ratio sin i/sin r is equal to a constant in refraction. This is known as Snell's Law, which states that the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence (i) to the sine of the angle of refraction (r) is constant when light passes from one medium to another. This constant is known as the refractive index and is unique to each pair of media. Therefore, sin i/sin r is the correct ratio that is equal to a constant in refraction.

The angle of incidence in an optically denser medium for which the angle of refraction in a less dense medium is 90° is known as the critical angle. At this angle, the light ray incident on the boundary between the two mediums will be refracted along the boundary, parallel to it. Any angle of incidence greater than the critical angle will result in total internal reflection, where the light is reflected back into the denser medium instead of being refracted.

Refraction refers to the bending of light rays or image when they pass from one medium to another denser medium. This phenomenon occurs due to the change in speed of light as it travels through different mediums. When light enters a denser medium, it slows down and changes its direction, causing the bending or refraction of light rays. Therefore, the correct answer is Refraction.

The correct answer is refractive index. The refractive index is a measure of how much the speed of light changes when it passes from one medium to another. It is a ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the medium. The refractive index determines how much light is bent or refracted when it enters a different medium, such as when light passes from air to water or from air to glass.

The correct answer is principal axis. The principal axis is a horizontal line that passes through the cortical center of the lens. It is an important reference line in optics and is used to determine the focal point and focal length of a lens. The principal axis helps in understanding the behavior of light as it passes through the lens and is crucial in the study of optics and lens design.

The statement "Angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection" is a true law of reflection. According to this law, when a ray of light reflects off a smooth surface, the angle at which it hits the surface (angle of incidence) will be equal to the angle at which it bounces off (angle of reflection). This law holds true for all smooth surfaces and is a fundamental principle in the study of optics.

A converging lens is designed to bring light rays to a focal point. It is thicker in the middle and thinner at the edges, causing the light rays to bend towards the center as they pass through it. This bending of light allows the lens to focus the rays and bring them to a point, known as the focal point. Therefore, a converging lens is the correct answer for this question.

The statement that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence is true. According to the law of reflection, when a ray of light reflects off a surface, the angle at which it approaches the surface (angle of incidence) is equal to the angle at which it reflects off the surface (angle of reflection). This law holds true for all types of reflection, including reflection off a mirror.

The statement "Image that is created in a plane mirror is virtual" is correct. In a plane mirror, the image formed is virtual, meaning it cannot be projected onto a screen. The image appears to be behind the mirror and is the same size as the object, but reversed from left to right. This is because light rays reflect off the mirror's surface, creating the illusion of an image. Therefore, the answer "Right" is the correct explanation.

The given formula n = c/v represents the calculation of refractive index. In this formula, n represents the refractive index, c represents the speed of light in a vacuum, and v represents the speed of light in the medium. The refractive index is a measure of how much light is bent when it passes from one medium to another. By dividing the speed of light in a vacuum by the speed of light in the medium, we can determine the refractive index of that medium.

When the angle of incidence in a denser medium is greater than the critical angle, total internal reflection will take place. This phenomenon occurs when light travels from a medium with a higher refractive index to a medium with a lower refractive index, and the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle. In such cases, instead of refracting out of the medium, the light is completely reflected back into the denser medium. This is a property of total internal reflection and is used in various applications such as fiber optics and mirages.

Light travels at a speed of 3.0 x 108 m s-1 in vacuum. This is a well-known scientific fact that has been measured and confirmed through experiments. The speed of light is an important constant in physics and is used in various calculations and theories. It is the maximum speed at which information or energy can travel through space.

When light passes from one medium to another, such as from air to water, it changes its speed and direction. This phenomenon is called refraction. When a stick is partially submerged in water, the light rays coming from the stick bend as they enter the water, causing the stick to appear broken. This is because the light rays that reach our eyes are not coming directly from the stick but are refracted by the water. Therefore, the correct answer is "refraction of light."

A piece of glass with a curved surface is termed a lens because a lens is a transparent material with at least one curved surface that can refract light, causing it to converge or diverge. Lenses are commonly used in optical devices such as cameras, microscopes, and eyeglasses to focus or magnify light. A biconcave mirror has two curved surfaces that are concave, not suitable for this scenario. A blind mirror is not a term used in optics. While a mirror can have a curved surface, it is specifically designed to reflect light rather than refract it like a lens.

A straight line in which light travels is called a ray. A ray is a simplified representation of the path that light takes, showing the direction in which it travels. It does not show the actual wave nature of light, but rather the straight path it follows from its source.

When light travels from a denser medium (like water) to a less dense medium (like air), it bends or refracts. This bending of light causes the light rays to change direction and separate into different colors. In the case of a drop of water, when light enters the drop and undergoes multiple reflections inside, it can reach a critical angle where it is completely reflected back inside the drop. This phenomenon is known as total internal reflection. As a result, the drop of water acts like a tiny prism, separating the light into different colors and giving it a pearl-like appearance.

Lateral displacement refers to the horizontal shift of a ray of light as it passes through a medium. The thickness of the slab refers to the distance the light ray travels through the medium. The greater the thickness of the slab, the greater the lateral displacement of the light ray. Therefore, lateral displacement is directly proportional to the thickness of the slab.

110cm/2=50CM

Total internal reflection occurs when light passes from a denser to a less dense medium. This phenomenon happens because the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, causing the light to be completely reflected back into the denser medium instead of being refracted. This can be observed, for example, when light passes from water to air and the angle of incidence exceeds a certain value, resulting in the light being reflected back into the water.

A plane mirror reflects light in such a way that the image formed appears to be the same size as the object, upright (not flipped), inverted (left-right flipped), and virtual (cannot be projected onto a screen).

When an incident ray strikes a surface, it can undergo both reflection and refraction. Reflection occurs when the incident ray bounces off the surface, following the law of reflection which states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Refraction, on the other hand, happens when the incident ray passes through the surface and changes direction due to the change in medium. Therefore, the normal, incident ray, and reflective ray can all be in the same point during both reflection and refraction.

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When a projector is used, the image formed on the screen is real because it can be seen and captured on a surface. The image is inverted because the light rays from the projector cross over each other before reaching the screen. Lastly, the image is magnified because the projector enlarges the size of the image compared to the original object.