AP World History Final Exam #6

Alexander solved the problem of the Knot of Gordiom by cutting it in half with his sword. This action allowed him to unravel the knot and untie it.

Alexander the Great founded the city of Alexandria in the Nile delta to serve as the political, cultural, and economic center of his empire. This city became a major hub for trade and commerce, attracting people from various cultures and backgrounds. Alexandria also became renowned for its library, the Library of Alexandria, which housed a vast collection of books and manuscripts from around the world. The city played a significant role in the spread of Hellenistic culture and knowledge throughout the ancient world.

Alexander was forced out of India because his men wanted to go home and mutinied. This suggests that his soldiers were exhausted and homesick, leading to a rebellion against further military campaigns. This internal conflict and lack of support from his troops ultimately compelled Alexander to abandon his plans and retreat from India.

The correct answer is Alexandria. Alexandria is known for its ancient Musuem, which was also referred to as the Great Library. It was established in the city of Alexandria, making it a significant cultural and intellectual center in ancient times.

Alexander torched the Persian Palace at Persepolis to demonstrate the end of the Persian Empire. This act was symbolic and intended to show his conquest and destruction of the empire, asserting his dominance and power.

The Parthians eventually defeated the Seleukids in Mesopotamia. The Parthians were a powerful empire in ancient Iran, and they successfully challenged the Seleukid Empire for control of Mesopotamia. Through a series of military campaigns, the Parthians were able to defeat and eventually overthrow the Seleukids, establishing their own rule in the region.

After Alexander the Great died in 323, his generals divided his empire among themselves. Antigonas received Asia Minor and the Levant, Antipator received Hellas and Macedonia, Ptolemy received Egypt, and Seleukis received the Tigris-Euphrates valley. This division of the empire is historically accurate, making the statement "True."

Athens and Sparta created a peace in 371 BC and invited all forces around the Mediterranean to join in the "universal" peace. This suggests that both Athens and Sparta were influential and powerful poleis at the time, and they sought to establish peace and cooperation among other city-states in the region. By extending the invitation to all forces around the Mediterranean, they aimed to create a comprehensive and all-encompassing peace agreement that would bring stability and harmony to the area.

In 333 BC, Alexander the Great met the Persian king Darios at Issos.

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Alexander made Greek the standard language of his empire because he admired Greek culture and believed in the spread of Hellenistic civilization. He encouraged the use of Greek language and promoted the adoption of Greek customs and traditions throughout his conquered territories. Greek became the language of administration, trade, and education, ensuring cultural unity within the empire. This policy of Hellenization helped to integrate diverse cultures and facilitate communication and interaction among the different regions of Alexander's empire.

In 404, Sparta finally entered Athens and replaced the existing democracy with an oligarchy. They also dismantled the walls during this time.

The phrase "no contest" suggests that Alexander's battle for Egypt was not challenging at all. This implies that he faced little to no resistance or opposition during the conquest of Egypt.

Darios was found murdered by Alexander in Baktria.

The correct answer is 2,000. The Spartan male population was greatly diminished by the end of the Peloponnesian War. This was due to the heavy casualties suffered during the war, as well as the decline in birth rates and the loss of their agricultural land. The war had a devastating impact on Sparta's population and power.

Demosthenes is the correct answer because he was an Athenian statesman and orator known for his speeches against the advances of Philip of Macedon. He delivered a series of speeches called the Philippics, which were aimed at rallying the Athenians to resist Philip's expansionist ambitions. Demosthenes' speeches were influential in shaping Athenian public opinion and mobilizing support against Philip's encroachments into Greece. His oratory skills and passionate pleas for Athenian independence made him a prominent figure in Athenian politics during this time.

Simon is the correct answer because he was a Jewish high priest and a leader of the Maccabean revolt against the Seleucid Empire. In 142 BC, Simon successfully led the Israelites in gaining independence from the kingdom of Antiochus. He established the Hasmonean dynasty and became the first ruler of an independent Jewish state in centuries.

The correct answer is Sardis. In 387 BC, all of the Hellenic poleis were summoned to the city of Sardis to listen to the conditions of the Persian Peace. This suggests that Sardis was a significant and influential city during that time period, as it was chosen as the gathering place for such an important event.

Thebes was utterly destroyed (except its temples and Pindar's home) for refusing to ally themselves with Philip after his conquest of Hellas.

In 67 BC, the Roman general Pompey conquered Israel and entered the inner sanctuary in their temple, which infuriated the Jews.

In 334 BC, when Alexander and his army crossed the Hellespont, he stopped at Troy to pay homage to the memory of Achilles. Achilles was a legendary Greek hero and a central character in Homer's epic poem, the Iliad. He was known for his exceptional bravery and skill in battle during the Trojan War, which took place in Troy. Alexander, being a great admirer of Greek legends and history, visited Troy to honor the memory of Achilles, who was considered one of the greatest warriors in Greek mythology.

When Makedonia threatened invasion in 200 BC, Hellas called for help from Rome. Rome was a powerful empire at that time and had established itself as a dominant force in the region. Hellas sought assistance from Rome due to its military strength and its reputation for intervening in conflicts to protect its allies. Rome's intervention would have provided Hellas with the necessary military support and deterrence against Makedonia's invasion.

The correct answer is Thebes. In 371 BC, when Athens attempted to negotiate a peace agreement with Sparta, Thebes decided to leave the Second Athenian Confederacy. This decision by Thebes indicated a shift in alliances and a departure from their previous cooperation with Athens.

Alexander first met the Persians at the Battle of Granikos in 334 BC. This battle took place near the Granikos River in Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey). It was one of the early battles of Alexander's campaign against the Persian Empire led by King Darius III. Alexander's army emerged victorious in this battle, which marked his first major engagement with the Persians and further solidified his reputation as a skilled military commander.

After the Peloponnesian War in 404 BC, Sparta became the dominant polis in Hellas. The war had weakened Athens, the former dominant polis, and Sparta emerged as the victor. Sparta's military strength and the support it received from other poleis allowed it to establish hegemony over the region. This dominance was short-lived, as Thebes eventually rose to power in the following decades. However, at the time immediately after the Peloponnesian War, Sparta was the dominant polis in Hellas.

In 371 BC, Sparta was defeated, thus losing her dominance forever, and causing her to give the helots citizenship in order to increase her citizen rolls.

In 146 BC, the general Mummius defeated the Hellens and utterly destroyed the city of Korinth, the booty of which filled Rome with bronze works.

After the Peloponnesian War, Athens suffered a decrease in male population due to the high number of casualties and deaths during the conflict. Additionally, many foreign professionals fled from Athens, causing a flight of talent and expertise from the city. The loss of her naval forces was another consequence of the war, which weakened Athens' military power and ability to defend itself. Lastly, Athens also experienced a loss of the middle class, possibly due to economic hardships and social upheaval caused by the war.

In 395 BC, several poleis united against Sparta because of her foreign war. These poleis were Argos, Athens, Korinth, and Thebes.

In 338 BC, a combined Athenian/Theban army was defeated by Philip and Alexander at Xaeronaia.

Sokrates was tried in 403 for three reasons: not believing in the state gods, introducing foreign gods, and corrupting the youth. These charges were brought against him by his political enemies who saw his teachings and influence as a threat to the traditional values and beliefs of the Athenian society. Sokrates' philosophical ideas and his questioning of the established order were seen as undermining the authority of the state and the religious beliefs that were deeply ingrained in the culture.

Philip served as a hostage in Thebes before becoming the king of Makedonia.