AP Review Quiz Chapter 5

Young people are most likely to agree with their parents on the issue of party identification. This is because party identification often develops early in life and is influenced by family socialization. Parents often pass down their political beliefs and affiliations to their children, which can lead to similar party identification. Additionally, young people may also be influenced by their parents' political discussions and involvement in party activities, further reinforcing their agreement on party identification.

A coherent and consistent set of beliefs about who should rule and how is referred to as political ideology. This term encompasses a comprehensive system of political beliefs and values that guide individuals' understanding of politics and shape their opinions on various issues. It includes ideas about the role of government, individual rights, social justice, and economic systems, among others. Political ideology provides a framework for individuals to understand and analyze political events and make informed decisions about political participation and governance.

A random sample in polling is one that gives each person an equal chance of being in the sample. This means that every individual in the population has an equal probability of being selected to participate in the poll. It ensures that the sample is representative of the population and reduces bias. By using random sampling methods, such as random digit dialing or random selection from a voter registration list, researchers can obtain a sample that is more likely to accurately reflect the opinions and characteristics of the entire population.

Jews are most likely to have liberal political attitudes because historically, they have been at the forefront of social justice movements and have a strong emphasis on social equality and human rights. Additionally, Jewish values often align with liberal ideologies such as support for social welfare programs, LGBTQ+ rights, and environmental protection. Many Jewish individuals and organizations actively advocate for progressive policies and are involved in political activism, making them more likely to have liberal political attitudes compared to other religious groups.

The sampling error of 3 percent means that the actual percentage of voters who will vote for Obama could be 3 percent higher or lower than the reported percentage of 47 percent. Therefore, we can infer that the percentage of voters who will vote for Obama falls within the range of 44 percent to 50 percent.

The correct answer is democracy. The preamble to the U.S. Constitution lists the goals of government as union, justice, tranquility, defense, welfare, and liberty. Democracy is not explicitly mentioned in the preamble as a goal of government.

The term liberal came to mean someone who favored an active national government around the time of Franklin Roosevelt. This is because during his presidency in the 1930s and 1940s, Roosevelt implemented a series of policies known as the New Deal, which aimed to combat the Great Depression and promote economic recovery. These policies involved significant government intervention and regulation, leading to a shift in the meaning of liberalism to support a more active role for the government in addressing social and economic issues.

Populists are a group that is liberal regarding economic matters, meaning they support policies that promote economic equality and social welfare. However, they are conservative on social matters, which means they tend to hold traditional values and resist social change. This combination of beliefs makes populists the correct answer for a group that is liberal on economic matters and conservative on social matters.

A populist is more likely than a pure conservative to vote for tighter business controls because populists tend to support policies that protect the interests of the working class and address economic inequality. Tighter business controls can be seen as a way to regulate and hold corporations accountable, which aligns with the populist ideology. On the other hand, pure conservatives generally prioritize limited government intervention in the economy and favor free market principles, making them less likely to support tighter business controls.

A high school student is most likely to be politically conservative because younger individuals tend to have more conservative views. They are often influenced by their parents and have limited exposure to diverse perspectives. Additionally, high school students are generally less politically engaged and may not have had the opportunity to explore different ideologies.

Political activists are individuals who are actively involved in promoting and advocating for political causes. They are often driven by strong beliefs and principles, making them more ideological compared to the average citizen. While some activists may lean towards conservative or liberal ideologies, the term "ideological" encompasses a broader spectrum of political beliefs and convictions. Therefore, it is the most fitting answer among the given options.

Political elites have the power to influence and shape economic policies, but they do not have the authority to define economic problems. This means that while they can play a role in determining the course of action to address economic issues, they do not have the sole authority to determine what these issues are. Economic problems are often complex and multifaceted, influenced by a range of factors beyond the control of political elites. Therefore, their ability to shape policies is limited to the extent that they can only respond to the economic problems that already exist.

The most accurate statement about the gender gap, according to the text, is that men have "deserted" Democratic candidates for Republican ones.

Higher education is the clearest liberalizing influence on individuals because it provides them with access to knowledge, critical thinking skills, and exposure to diverse perspectives. Universities and colleges often promote open-mindedness, tolerance, and social progress, which align with liberal values. Through education, individuals are encouraged to question traditional beliefs, challenge societal norms, and develop their own informed opinions. This exposure to different ideas and perspectives can lead to personal growth and a more liberal worldview.

The correct answer is "business, government". This means that the traditional middle class derived its strength from business, while the new middle class derives its strength more from government. This suggests a shift in the sources of power and influence for the middle class, with a greater reliance on government support and policies in the present day.

Over the past several decades, the gender gap has benefited first the Democrats and then the Republicans. This means that initially, the Democrats were able to attract more support from women due to their policy preferences. However, over time, the Republicans have also been able to gain support from women, narrowing the gender gap and benefiting their party as well. This suggests that the gender gap is not consistently in favor of one party, but has shifted between the Democrats and the Republicans.

The majorities of both whites and blacks are opposed to all of the options listed, except for affirmative action. Affirmative action is a policy that aims to address historical inequalities by giving preferential treatment to individuals from marginalized groups, such as racial minorities or women, in areas such as education or employment. While some may argue that affirmative action is necessary to promote equality, others believe it can be unfair or discriminatory. Therefore, it is the exception as it is the only option that the majority of both whites and blacks are not opposed to.

College can be seen as a great equalizer of socioeconomic class differences in the United States because it provides individuals from various backgrounds with access to education and opportunities for upward mobility. By attending college, individuals can acquire knowledge and skills that can help them secure higher-paying jobs and improve their socioeconomic status. Additionally, colleges often have financial aid programs and scholarships that can help students from lower-income backgrounds afford higher education. Therefore, college can play a significant role in narrowing the socioeconomic gap and providing equal opportunities for individuals from different socioeconomic classes.

Political elites have a disproportionate influence on public policy because they hold positions of power and authority within the political system. They often have access to resources, networks, and information that the average citizen does not have. This allows them to shape and influence policy decisions in ways that align with their own interests and agendas. Their influence can be seen in the policies that are implemented and the priorities that are set by governments. This can sometimes lead to a disconnect between the preferences of the average citizen and the policies that are actually enacted.

Political elites would be least likely to raise unemployment as a new public issue because it is a sensitive topic that reflects poorly on their ability to govern and manage the economy. Unemployment is often seen as a failure of government policies and can lead to public dissatisfaction and unrest. Political elites typically prefer to focus on issues that they can control or that are less controversial, such as acid rain, birth control, disinvestment in Russia, or racial discrimination.