A&p II (Heart, Blood & Blood Vessels)

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  • 1/115 Questions

    A person has a low blood volume is said to be

    • Hypovolemic
    • Hypervolemic
    • Normovolemic
    • Isovolemic
    • Antivolemic
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About This Quiz

This quiz focuses on the Heart, Blood, and Blood Vessels, assessing knowledge on blood functions, composition, and blood testing techniques. It is designed for learners to understand key aspects of the cardiovascular system and its clinical relevance.

A&p II (Heart, Blood & Blood Vessels) - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    The heart is roughly the size of _____.

    • A thigh

    • A man’s clenched fist

    • The gallbladder

    • The hand of a 10-year-old

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. A man’s clenched fist
    Explanation
    The correct answer is a man's clenched fist. The size of the heart is often compared to the size of a clenched fist, specifically that of an adult male. This comparison helps to give an approximate idea of the size of the heart, as it is difficult to visualize its actual size.

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  • 3. 

    The brachial artery branches to form the radial and _____ arteries.

    • Axillary

    • Digital

    • Ulnar

    • Subclavian

    • Brachiocephalic

    Correct Answer
    A. Ulnar
    Explanation
    The brachial artery branches to form the radial and ulnar arteries. The radial artery is responsible for supplying blood to the lateral aspect of the forearm and hand, while the ulnar artery supplies blood to the medial aspect of the forearm and hand. These arteries play a crucial role in delivering oxygenated blood to the various tissues of the arm.

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  • 4. 

    The function of red blood cells is to

    • Remove carbon dioxide from active cells

    • Remove nitrogenous wastes from active tissues

    • Carry oxygen from the lungs to the body’s cells

    • Carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body’s cells

    • Defend the body against infectious organisms

    Correct Answer
    A. Carry oxygen from the lungs to the body’s cells
    Explanation
    Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin, which has the ability to bind and transport oxygen. When red blood cells pass through the lungs, they pick up oxygen and then deliver it to the body's cells. This process is essential for cellular respiration, where oxygen is used to produce energy. Therefore, the function of red blood cells is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells.

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  • 5. 

    The pacemaker cells of the heart are located in the

    • Purkinje fibers

    • SA node

    • AV node

    • Wall of the left ventricle

    • Both the left and right ventricles

    Correct Answer
    A. SA node
    Explanation
    The SA node, or sinoatrial node, is located in the heart and is responsible for initiating the electrical impulses that regulate the heart's rhythm. It acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart, setting the pace for the rest of the cardiac cells. The SA node is situated in the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava, making it an ideal location to coordinate the contraction of the atria and initiate the electrical signals that travel through the heart.

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  • 6. 

    The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

    • Serum

    • Lymph

    • Whole blood

    • Extracellular fluid

    • Packed blood

    Correct Answer
    A. Whole blood
    Explanation
    The correct answer is whole blood because it refers to the combination of plasma and formed elements, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Serum refers to the liquid portion of blood without the clotting factors, lymph is a clear fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system, extracellular fluid refers to the fluid outside the cells, and packed blood refers to blood that has been centrifuged to remove plasma, leaving only the formed elements.

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  • 7. 

    The heart wall is composed of _____ layers of tissue

    • 2

    • 3

    • 4

    • 5

    • 6

    Correct Answer
    A. 3
    Explanation
    The heart wall is composed of three layers of tissue. These layers include the epicardium, which is the outermost layer, the myocardium, which is the middle and thickest layer responsible for the contraction of the heart, and the endocardium, which is the innermost layer that lines the chambers of the heart. These three layers work together to ensure the proper functioning of the heart and its ability to pump blood throughout the body.

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  • 8. 

    The total volume of blood in the body of a 70-kg man is approximately _____ liters

    • 25–30

    • 10–15

    • 5–6

    • 2–4

    • Less than 2

    Correct Answer
    A. 5–6
    Explanation
    The total volume of blood in the body of a 70-kg man is approximately 5-6 liters. This is because the average blood volume in the human body is approximately 7% of body weight. For a 70-kg man, this would be around 4.9 liters. However, this estimate does not take into account factors such as age, gender, and overall health, which can affect blood volume. Therefore, a range of 5-6 liters is a reasonable approximation.

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  • 9. 

    A person’s blood type is determined by the

    • Size of the red blood cells

    • Shape of the red blood cells

    • Chemical character of the hemoglobin

    • Presence or absence of specific molecules on the cell membrane

    • Number of specific molecules on the cell membrane

    Correct Answer
    A. Presence or absence of specific molecules on the cell membrane
    Explanation
    A person's blood type is determined by the presence or absence of specific molecules on the cell membrane. These molecules are known as antigens, and they can either be present or absent on the surface of red blood cells. The presence or absence of certain antigens determines a person's blood type, such as A, B, AB, or O. This is why blood type compatibility is important for blood transfusions, as the presence of certain antigens can cause an immune reaction if incompatible blood types are mixed.

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  • 10. 

    The heart is innervated by _____ nerves.

    • Parasympathetic

    • Sympathetic

    • Both parasympathetic and sympathetic

    • Neither parasympathetic nor sympathetic

    Correct Answer
    A. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic
    Explanation
    The heart is innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves. The parasympathetic nerves, specifically the vagus nerve, help to slow down the heart rate and decrease the force of contractions. On the other hand, the sympathetic nerves increase the heart rate and enhance the force of contractions. These two divisions of the autonomic nervous system work together to regulate the heart's activity and maintain a balance between rest and activity.

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  • 11. 

    Fresh whole blood for testing in a laboratory is usually collected from

    • The heart

    • A superficial artery

    • A superficial vein

    • A capillary

    • An arteriole

    Correct Answer
    A. A superficial vein
    Explanation
    Fresh whole blood for testing in a laboratory is usually collected from a superficial vein. Superficial veins are closer to the surface of the skin, making them more accessible for blood collection. They are commonly used for procedures such as venipuncture, where a needle is inserted into the vein to draw blood. Collecting blood from a superficial vein is a relatively simple and safe procedure, making it the preferred method for laboratory testing.

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  • 12. 

    Plasma proteins that are necessary for blood clotting are the

    • Albumins

    • Fibrinogens

    • Immunoglobulins

    • Metalloproteins

    • Lipoproteins

    Correct Answer
    A. Fibrinogens
    Explanation
    Fibrinogens are plasma proteins that are necessary for blood clotting. When an injury occurs, fibrinogens are converted into fibrin, which forms a mesh-like structure to trap platelets and form a blood clot. This clotting process helps to prevent excessive bleeding and promotes wound healing. Albumins, immunoglobulins, metalloproteins, and lipoproteins are other types of plasma proteins, but they do not play a direct role in blood clotting.

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  • 13. 

    The atrioventricular valve on the side of the heart that receives the superior vena cava is the _____ valve

    • Mitral

    • Bicuspid

    • Tricuspid

    • Pulmonary semilunar

    • Aortic semilunar

    Correct Answer
    A. Tricuspid
    Explanation
    The atrioventricular valve on the side of the heart that receives the superior vena cava is the tricuspid valve. This valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle and consists of three cusps or flaps. It prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium when the ventricle contracts. The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve, is located on the left side of the heart and separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. The pulmonary semilunar and aortic semilunar valves are located in the arteries leaving the heart, not in the atrioventricular region.

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  • 14. 

    In the upper arm, the axillary artery becomes the _____ artery.

    • Radial

    • Ulnar

    • Brachial

    • Subclavian

    • Digital

    Correct Answer
    A. Brachial
    Explanation
    The correct answer is brachial. The axillary artery is a continuation of the subclavian artery in the upper arm. As it passes through the axilla (armpit), it becomes the brachial artery. The brachial artery then continues down the arm, giving off branches such as the radial and ulnar arteries, which supply blood to the forearm and hand. Therefore, the brachial artery is the correct answer as it is the artery that follows the axillary artery in the upper arm.

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  • 15. 

    Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a

    • Temperature approximately 38 degrees Celsius

    • Viscosity about the same as water

    • PH of 7.4

    • Bright red color if taken from an artery

    • Dull red color if taken from a vein

    Correct Answer
    A. Viscosity about the same as water
    Explanation
    Whole blood has a viscosity that is higher than that of water. Viscosity refers to the thickness or resistance to flow of a liquid. Whole blood contains various components such as red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma, which contribute to its higher viscosity compared to water. This characteristic allows blood to flow through the circulatory system efficiently and transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.

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  • 16. 

    The average lifespan of a red blood cell is

    • 1 week

    • 1 month

    • 4 months

    • 6 months

    • 1 year

    Correct Answer
    A. 4 months
    Explanation
    The correct answer is 4 months. Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, have a lifespan of approximately 120 days, which is equivalent to 4 months. These cells are constantly being produced and replaced in the body to ensure a healthy supply of oxygen to tissues and organs. After their lifespan, old red blood cells are broken down and recycled by the spleen and liver.

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  • 17. 

    Blood leaving the right ventricle enters the

    • Pulmonary veins

    • Pulmonary trunk

    • Aorta

    • Inferior vena cava

    • Superior vena cava

    Correct Answer
    A. Pulmonary trunk
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the pulmonary trunk. The pulmonary trunk is the blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood picks up oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide before returning to the heart.

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  • 18. 

    In adults, erythropoiesis primarily takes place in

    • The liver

    • Yellow bone marrow

    • Myeloid tissue.(red bone marrow)

    • The spleen

    • The kidneys

    Correct Answer
    A. Myeloid tissue.(red bone marrow)
    Explanation
    Erythropoiesis is the process of red blood cell production. In adults, this process primarily occurs in the red bone marrow, also known as myeloid tissue. The red bone marrow is responsible for producing all types of blood cells, including red blood cells. The liver, yellow bone marrow, spleen, and kidneys do not play a significant role in erythropoiesis in adults.

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  • 19. 

    The white blood cells that are important in producing antibodies are the

    • Neutrophils

    • Eosinophils

    • Basophils

    • Lymphocytes

    • Monocytes

    Correct Answer
    A. Lymphocytes
    Explanation
    Lymphocytes are the white blood cells that play a crucial role in producing antibodies. These cells are a part of the immune system and are responsible for recognizing and attacking foreign substances in the body. Lymphocytes are specifically involved in the adaptive immune response, where they produce antibodies that target and neutralize specific pathogens or antigens. This process helps in preventing infections and maintaining overall immune health.

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  • 20. 

    White blood cells that increase in number during an allergic reaction or in response to parasitic infections are the

    • Neutrophils

    • Eosinophils

    • Basophils

    • Lymphocytes

    • Monocytes

    Correct Answer
    A. Eosinophils
    Explanation
    Eosinophils are white blood cells that increase in number during allergic reactions or in response to parasitic infections. They are involved in the immune response against parasites and play a role in the allergic response by releasing substances that help to control inflammation. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are typically involved in fighting bacterial infections. Basophils are involved in allergic reactions and release histamine. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell involved in the adaptive immune response. Monocytes are another type of white blood cell that can differentiate into macrophages and help to engulf and destroy pathogens.

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  • 21. 

    Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the

    • Right atrium

    • Right ventricle

    • Left atrium

    • Left ventricle

    • Conus arteriosus

    Correct Answer
    A. Left atrium
    Explanation
    The blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit is oxygenated blood that has been circulated through the lungs. It enters the heart through the pulmonary veins and specifically enters the left atrium. The left atrium then contracts, pushing the blood into the left ventricle, which will then pump the oxygenated blood out to the rest of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is left atrium.

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  • 22. 

    The right ventricle pumps blood to the

    • Lungs

    • Left ventricle

    • Systemic circuit

    • Right atrium

    Correct Answer
    A. Lungs
    Explanation
    The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs. This is because the right ventricle receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and is responsible for pumping it to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. In the lungs, the blood gets oxygenated and returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. From there, it enters the left ventricle and is pumped to the systemic circuit, supplying oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

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  • 23. 

    More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is

    • Albumin

    • Porphyrin

    • Hemoglobin

    • Immunoglobulin

    • Fibrinogen

    Correct Answer
    A. Hemoglobin
    Explanation
    Hemoglobin is the correct answer because it is the main protein found in red blood cells. It is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and transporting carbon dioxide back to the lungs. Hemoglobin makes up more than 95 percent of the protein content in red blood cells, making it the dominant protein in this cell type.

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  • 24. 

    The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the

    • Tunica intima

    • Tunica externa

    • Tunica media

    • Tunica interna

    • Tunica adventitia

    Correct Answer
    A. Tunica media
    Explanation
    The muscular layer of a blood vessel is called the tunica media. This layer is located between the innermost layer (tunica intima) and the outermost layer (tunica externa) of the blood vessel. The tunica media is composed of smooth muscle cells that allow the blood vessel to constrict or dilate, regulating blood flow and blood pressure. It is responsible for maintaining the structural integrity and elasticity of the blood vessel.

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  • 25. 

    Capillaries with an incomplete lining are called

    • Incomplete capillaries

    • Continuous capillaries

    • Fenestrated capillaries

    • Sinuses

    • Sinuses

    • Vasa vasorum

    Correct Answer
    A. Fenestrated capillaries
    Explanation
    Fenestrated capillaries have small pores or fenestrations in their endothelial lining, allowing for increased permeability and exchange of fluids and solutes between the blood and surrounding tissues. This makes them ideal for organs that require rapid filtration and absorption, such as the kidneys and small intestine. In contrast, continuous capillaries have a complete lining and are found in most tissues, while sinuses are large, open spaces in certain organs. Vasa vasorum refers to small blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the walls of larger blood vessels. Therefore, the correct answer is fenestrated capillaries.

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  • 26. 

    Blood pressure increases with all of the following, except increased

    • Cardiac output

    • Peripheral resistance

    • Blood volume

    • Parasympathetic innervation

    • Force of cardiac contraction

    Correct Answer
    A. Parasympathetic innervation
    Explanation
    Blood pressure is primarily regulated by cardiac output (the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute) and peripheral resistance (the resistance to blood flow in the arteries). An increase in cardiac output or peripheral resistance will lead to an increase in blood pressure. Additionally, an increase in blood volume can also contribute to an increase in blood pressure. However, parasympathetic innervation, which is responsible for the relaxation and slowing down of the heart, does not directly affect blood pressure. Therefore, an increase in parasympathetic innervation would not cause an increase in blood pressure.

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  • 27. 

    _____ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced

    • Polycythemia

    • Leukemia

    • Anemia

    • Leukopenia

    • Thrombocytopenia

    Correct Answer
    A. Anemia
    Explanation
    Anemia is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced. This can occur due to a decrease in the number of red blood cells or a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. Anemia can result from various causes such as nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases, or genetic disorders. Symptoms of anemia may include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and pale skin. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause and may include iron supplements, blood transfusions, or medications to stimulate red blood cell production.

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  • 28. 

    Platelets are

    • Large cells that lack a nucleus

    • Small cells that lack a nucleus

    • Large cells with a prominent, indented nucleus

    • Small cells with a many-shaped nucleus

    • Fragments of large megakaryocyte cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Fragments of large megakaryocyte cells
    Explanation
    Platelets are fragments of large megakaryocyte cells. Megakaryocytes are large cells found in the bone marrow that are responsible for producing platelets. These megakaryocytes undergo a process called fragmentation, where they break apart into smaller pieces, which then circulate in the blood as platelets. Platelets play a crucial role in blood clotting and are involved in the repair of damaged blood vessels. Their lack of a nucleus allows them to be more flexible and versatile in their functions.

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  • 29. 

    The only blood vessels whose walls permit exchange between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluids are the

    • Arteries

    • Arterioles

    • Veins

    • Venules

    • Capillaries

    Correct Answer
    A. Capillaries
    Explanation
    Capillaries are the only blood vessels whose walls permit exchange between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluids. Capillaries have thin walls composed of a single layer of endothelial cells, allowing for the diffusion of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. This exchange is essential for delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells, removing waste products, and maintaining homeostasis. Arteries, arterioles, veins, and venules do not have the same level of permeability as capillaries and are mainly responsible for transporting blood to and from capillaries.

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  • 30. 

    The process of red blood cell production is called

    • Erythrocytosis

    • Erythropenia

    • Hemocytosis

    • Erythropoiesis

    • Hematopenia

    Correct Answer
    A. Erythropoiesis
    Explanation
    Erythropoiesis is the correct answer because it refers to the process of red blood cell production. Erythrocytosis and hemocytosis both refer to an increase in the number of red blood cells, while erythropenia and hematopenia refer to a decrease in the number of red blood cells. Therefore, erythropoiesis is the most appropriate term to describe the process of red blood cell production.

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  • 31. 

    The myocardium is primarily composed of _____ tissue

    • Elastic

    • Fibrous connective

    • Epithelial

    • Cardiac muscle

    • Smooth muscle

    Correct Answer
    A. Cardiac muscle
    Explanation
    The myocardium is the middle layer of the heart wall and is responsible for the contraction of the heart. It is composed of cardiac muscle tissue, which is specialized for its unique properties of rhythmic and involuntary contractions. This tissue is highly organized and contains interconnected cardiac muscle cells that allow for the coordinated pumping action of the heart.

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  • 32. 

    Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the _____ arteries.

    • Common carotid

    • Common iliac

    • Femoral

    • Tibial

    • Popliteal

    Correct Answer
    A. Common iliac
    Explanation
    Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the common iliac arteries. The common iliac arteries are major blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the lower limbs and pelvic organs. They originate from the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta, which occurs at the level of L4. The common iliac arteries further divide into internal and external iliac arteries, which continue to supply blood to different regions of the lower body.

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  • 33. 

    The percentage of whole blood occupied by cellular elements is the

    • Viscosity

    • Specific gravity

    • Packed volume

    • Hematocrit

    • Differential cell count

    Correct Answer
    A. Hematocrit
    Explanation
    Hematocrit refers to the percentage of whole blood that is occupied by cellular elements, specifically red blood cells. It is a measure of the volume of red blood cells in relation to the total blood volume. Hematocrit is an important parameter in assessing the overall health and function of the blood, as changes in hematocrit levels can indicate conditions such as anemia or polycythemia.

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  • 34. 

    A normal adult hematocrit would be

    • 100

    • 75

    • 66

    • 45

    • 10

    Correct Answer
    A. 45
    Explanation
    A normal adult hematocrit is typically around 45%. Hematocrit is a measure of the volume of red blood cells in the blood compared to the total blood volume. A hematocrit of 45% indicates that 45% of the blood volume is made up of red blood cells, which is considered within the normal range for adults.

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  • 35. 

    Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?

    • Red cells are biconcave discs

    • Red cells lack mitochondria

    • Red cells have a large nucleus

    • Red cells are specialized for carrying oxygen

    • Red cells can form stacks called rouleaux

    Correct Answer
    A. Red cells have a large nucleus
  • 36. 

    Compared to arteries, veins

    • Are more elastic

    • Have more smooth muscle in their tunica media

    • Have a pleated endothelium

    • Have thinner walls

    • Hold their shape better when cut

    Correct Answer
    A. Have thinner walls
    Explanation
    Veins have thinner walls compared to arteries. This is because veins are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart, which exerts less pressure on the vessel walls compared to the oxygenated blood being pumped out by arteries. The thinner walls of veins allow them to expand and accommodate larger volumes of blood. Additionally, veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood, which further contributes to their thinner walls.

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  • 37. 

    The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

    • Neutrophils

    • Eosinophils

    • Basophils

    • Lymphocytes

    • Monocytes

    Correct Answer
    A. Neutrophils
    Explanation
    Neutrophils are the most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation. They play a crucial role in the immune response by engulfing and destroying bacteria and other foreign substances. Neutrophils are highly mobile and are often the first responders to infection or inflammation. They are characterized by their multi-lobed nucleus and granular cytoplasm.

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  • 38. 

    Each of the following conditions would increase heart rate, except

    • Increased sympathetic stimulation of nodal fibers

    • Increased parasympathetic stimulation of nodal fibers

    • Increased levels of epinephrine in the interstitial fluid surrounding the myocardium

    • Increased permeability of the myocardial membrane to sodium ion

    • Activation of cAMP in heart muscle

    Correct Answer
    A. Increased parasympathetic stimulation of nodal fibers
    Explanation
    Increased parasympathetic stimulation of nodal fibers would not increase heart rate. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for slowing down the heart rate, while sympathetic stimulation increases heart rate. Increased sympathetic stimulation of nodal fibers, increased levels of epinephrine in the interstitial fluid surrounding the myocardium, increased permeability of the myocardial membrane to sodium ion, and activation of cAMP in heart muscle would all lead to an increase in heart rate.

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  • 39. 

    The _____ divides the aorta into a superior thoracic aorta and an inferior abdominal aorta.

    • Pericardium

    • Mediastinum

    • Diaphragm

    • Peritoneum

    • Pleura

    Correct Answer
    A. Diaphragm
    Explanation
    The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It plays a crucial role in respiration by contracting and relaxing to create changes in thoracic pressure. It also acts as a barrier between the thoracic and abdominal organs. In this context, the diaphragm divides the aorta into a superior thoracic aorta and an inferior abdominal aorta, ensuring proper blood flow to both regions.

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  • 40. 

    The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the

    • Internal jugular vein

    • External jugular vein

    • Superior vena cava

    • Inferior vena cava

    • Coronary sinus

    Correct Answer
    A. Superior vena cava
    Explanation
    The superior vena cava is a large vein that receives deoxygenated blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms. It carries this blood back to the heart's right atrium, where it is then pumped to the lungs for oxygenation. The internal jugular vein and external jugular vein primarily drain blood from the head and neck, while the inferior vena cava receives blood from the lower body. The coronary sinus is responsible for draining blood from the heart muscle itself. Therefore, the superior vena cava is the correct answer as it receives blood from the specified regions.

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  • 41. 

    When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from

    • The heart

    • The lungs

    • An artery

    • A vein

    • Capillaries

    Correct Answer
    A. An artery
    Explanation
    To check the efficiency of gas exchange, it is necessary to draw a blood sample from an artery. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the organs and tissues, and they also supply fresh oxygen to the capillaries where gas exchange occurs. By drawing blood from an artery, we can assess the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, which indicates how efficiently gas exchange is occurring in the body. Drawing blood from other options such as the heart, lungs, veins, or capillaries would not provide accurate information about gas exchange efficiency.

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  • 42. 

    A red blood cell that contains normal amounts of hemoglobin would be called

    • Hyperchromic

    • Normochromic

    • Hypochromic

    • Normocytic

    • Macrocytic

    Correct Answer
    A. Normochromic
    Explanation
    Normochromic refers to a red blood cell that contains a normal amount of hemoglobin. This means that the cell has a normal coloration, indicating a healthy level of hemoglobin, which is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body.

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  • 43. 

    Platelets function in all of the following, except

    • Dissolving a formed clot

    • Forming temporary patches in injured areas

    • Contraction after clot formation

    • Initiating the clotting process

    • Transporting chemicals important for clotting

    Correct Answer
    A. Dissolving a formed clot
    Explanation
    Platelets are small cell fragments that play a crucial role in blood clotting. They help in forming temporary patches in injured areas by adhering to the damaged blood vessel walls. Platelets also initiate the clotting process by releasing chemicals that attract more platelets and promote the formation of a fibrin mesh. Additionally, platelets contract after clot formation, helping to stabilize the clot. They also transport chemicals important for clotting, such as clotting factors. However, platelets do not dissolve a formed clot. Once a clot is formed, other mechanisms, such as fibrinolysis, are responsible for breaking it down.

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  • 44. 

    Od returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the

    • Right atrium

    • Right ventricle

    • Left atrium

    • Left ventricle

    • Conus arteriosus

    Correct Answer
    A. Right atrium
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "right atrium" because the systemic circuit carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, and after circulating through the body, the deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava. The vena cava then empties the blood into the right atrium, which is the first chamber that receives the deoxygenated blood before it is pumped to the lungs for oxygenation.

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  • 45. 

    The visceral pericardium is the same as the

    • Mediastinum

    • Parietal pericardium

    • Epicardium

    • Myocardium

    • Endocardium

    Correct Answer
    A. Epicardium
    Explanation
    The visceral pericardium refers to the inner layer of the pericardium, which is the double-walled sac that surrounds the heart. The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart wall and is also known as the visceral layer of the pericardium. Therefore, the visceral pericardium is the same as the epicardium.

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  • 46. 

    The left ventricle pumps blood to the

    • Lungs

    • Right ventricle

    • Right atrium

    • Systemic circuit

    • Pulmonary circuit

    Correct Answer
    A. Systemic circuit
    Explanation
    The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs to the systemic circuit, which includes all the organs and tissues of the body. This circuit delivers oxygen and nutrients to the cells and removes waste products.

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  • 47. 

    Blood pressure is determined by measuring the

    • Size of the pulse

    • Pressure in the left ventricle

    • Force exerted by blood in a vessel against air in a closed cuff

    • Degree of turbulence in a closed vessel

    • Force of contraction of the right ventricle

    Correct Answer
    A. Force exerted by blood in a vessel against air in a closed cuff
    Explanation
    Blood pressure is determined by measuring the force exerted by blood in a vessel against air in a closed cuff. This is done by using a blood pressure cuff, which is wrapped around the upper arm and inflated to temporarily stop blood flow. As the cuff is slowly deflated, a healthcare professional listens for the sound of blood flowing through the artery using a stethoscope. The point at which the sound is first heard is the systolic pressure, and the point at which the sound disappears is the diastolic pressure. These measurements indicate the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels, providing an indication of a person's blood pressure.

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  • 48. 

    The circumflex branch and the anterior descending artery are branches of the

    • Right coronary artery.

    • Left coronary artery

    • Interventricular artery

    • Coronary sinus

    • Aorta.

    Correct Answer
    A. Left coronary artery
    Explanation
    The circumflex branch and the anterior descending artery are branches of the left coronary artery. The left coronary artery is responsible for supplying blood to the left side of the heart, including the left ventricle and the left atrium. The circumflex branch supplies blood to the lateral wall of the left ventricle, while the anterior descending artery supplies blood to the anterior wall of the left ventricle. These branches are important for ensuring adequate blood flow to the left side of the heart, which is crucial for its proper functioning.

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  • 49. 

    The first heart sound is heard when the

    • AV valves open

    • AV valves close

    • Semilunar valves close

    • Atria contract

    • Blood enters the aorta

    Correct Answer
    A. AV valves close
    Explanation
    The first heart sound is heard when the AV valves close. This sound occurs during the ventricular systole phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles contract and the pressure inside them increases. As the ventricles contract, the AV valves, which are located between the atria and ventricles, close to prevent the backflow of blood into the atria. The closure of the AV valves produces a distinct sound, known as the first heart sound or S1, which can be heard using a stethoscope.

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  • Current Version
  • Jan 24, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Oct 29, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Sroyston

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