AP Human Geography Agriculture (Rubenstein)

1. What type of agriculture is practiced to produce food for sale off the farm?

Commercial

Subsistence

Seed

Vegetative Planting

Pg 330

Explanation

Pg 330

2. What type of agriculture is practiced to feed the farmer and the farmer's family?

Commercial

Subsistence

Seed

Vegetative Planting

Pg 330

Explanation

Pg 330

3. Specifically, how do farmers clear the land for shifting cultivation?

Using machines to cut the trees down

Mowing the grass

Cutting the grass

Slashing the vegetation and burning the debris

Pg 335
This characteristic of shifting cultivation is called slash-and-burn agriculture.

Explanation

Pg 335
This characteristic of shifting cultivation is called slash-and-burn agriculture.

4. What is the main reason that grazing is in the outermost ring of the von Thunen model?

Its heavy weight (hard to transport far)

Fast perishable time

Needs lots of space

Pg 351

Explanation

Pg 351

Submit

6. Hunters and gatherers lived in small groups.

True

False

Pg 329. If hunters and gatherers lived in large groups, the resources of the land would not be able to sustain the population.

Explanation

Pg 329. If hunters and gatherers lived in large groups, the resources of the land would not be able to sustain the population.

Submit

9. Farmers in MDCs use what for power? (Check all that apply)

Human

Animal

Machinery

Hand tools

Pg 332

Explanation

Pg 332

10. What is the main reason that logging is in the second ring of the von Thunen model?

Its heavy weight (hard to transport far)

Fast perishable time

Needs lots of space

Pg 351

Explanation

Pg 351

11. There are still hunters and gatherers in the world today.

True

False

Pg 329. There are still hunters and gatherers that primarily live in the Arctic and the interior of Africa, Australia, and South America.

Explanation

Pg 329. There are still hunters and gatherers that primarily live in the Arctic and the interior of Africa, Australia, and South America.

12. Farmers in MDCs grow (one/many) crop(s) over a wide area. Farmers in LDCs grow (one/many) crop(s) over a wide area. (Separate the two terms with a semicolon (;) and a space)

Pg 337
Farmers in MDCs grow one crop in a large area to make money off of that one crop. Farmers in LDCs grow many crops to provide intermingled food for their own family. However, there are some cases where farmers in LDCs will grow certain crops and trade with other farmers to have a variety of food.

Explanation

Pg 337
Farmers in MDCs grow one crop in a large area to make money off of that one crop. Farmers in LDCs grow many crops to provide intermingled food for their own family. However, there are some cases where farmers in LDCs will grow certain crops and trade with other farmers to have a variety of food.

Submit

14. The connection between farming and food-production jobs (such as processing, packaging, storing, distributing, retailing, tractor manufacturing, fertilizer production, and seed distribution) is called __________________________.

Pg 333

Explanation

Pg 333

Submit

15. Whittlesey sorted out agricultural practices based upon ________________, because it determined what kind of crop can be grown and whether or not animals are raised.

Pg 334
Climate would cause many other factors, which would then cause what kind of crop is grown or whether or not animals are raised.

Explanation

Pg 334
Climate would cause many other factors, which would then cause what kind of crop is grown or whether or not animals are raised.

Submit

16. The primary differences between agriculture practices in the world are between those of what two types of regions/countries?

Africa and Asia

Northern and Southern Hemispheres

Eastern and Western Hemispheres

Land and oceans

MDCs and LDCs

Pg 330

Explanation

Pg 330

Submit

18. What is the most important crop of intensive subsistence farming with wet rice NOT dominant?

Pg 341
In areas where wet rice is not dominant, the winters are too harsh and there is not enough precipitation in the summer.

Explanation

Pg 341
In areas where wet rice is not dominant, the winters are too harsh and there is not enough precipitation in the summer.

Submit

19. What grass do grain farmers grow the most?

Corn

Oats

Wheat

Barley

Pg 345

Explanation

Pg 345

20. What is the main reason that dairy farms are in the first ring of the von Thunen model?

Its heavy weight (hard to transport far)

Fast perishable time

Needs lots of space

Pg 350-351

Explanation

Pg 350-351

Submit

27. When was seed agriculture starting to become widely practiced in the Western Hemisphere?

When agriculture diffused from the hearth in Mexico

When agriculture diffused from the hearth in South America

When the Europeans brought agriculture with them from Europe

When the hearth of seed agriculture rose up in the United States

Pg 330 Agriculture was practiced in North America, but it was not widespread until the Europeans brought their practices over from Europe.

Explanation

Pg 330 Agriculture was practiced in North America, but it was not widespread until the Europeans brought their practices over from Europe.

28. How were humans surviving before the agricultural revolution? (Check all that apply)

Growing crops

Hunting animals

Planting seeds

Raising animals

Gathering crops

Pg 329. Before the agricultural revolution, people did what is known as hunting and gathering.

Explanation

Pg 329. Before the agricultural revolution, people did what is known as hunting and gathering.

Submit

32. What did people in Southeast Asia do before they started practicing vegetative planting?

Pg 329. People in Southeast Asia got food from fishing. This sedentary lifestyle allowed for the people to have more time to accomplish other tasks, such as growing and harvesting crops.

Explanation

Pg 329. People in Southeast Asia got food from fishing. This sedentary lifestyle allowed for the people to have more time to accomplish other tasks, such as growing and harvesting crops.

Submit

33. The Kayapo people of the Amazon plant their crops in what shape?

Rectangle

Square

Circle

Oval

Triangle

Pg 337
The crops that require the most nutrients are planted on the outer rings. It is on the outer rings that leaves fall on, and the rotting of these leaves releases nutrients into the soil.

Explanation

Pg 337
The crops that require the most nutrients are planted on the outer rings. It is on the outer rings that leaves fall on, and the rotting of these leaves releases nutrients into the soil.

34. Match Boserup's stages of intensification of farmland to its description.

Forest Fallow

Bush Fallow

Short Fallow

Annual Cropping

Multicropping

Pg 353

Explanation

Pg 353

Submit

35. Which country is the largest commercial producer of grain?

United States

Canada

Australia

China

India

Pg 345

Explanation

Pg 345

36. There are ____________ percentages of the populations in MDCs that work directly with farming and _____________ percentages of the population of LDCs that work directly with farming. (Place a semicolon (;) and a space between the two terms) (Options-high/low)

Pg 331

Explanation

Pg 331

Submit

37. The most distinctive characteristic of fixed crop and livestock farming is that it integrates ________________________.

Different kinds of crops

Crops and livestock

Different kinds of livestock

Crop rotation

Pg 342
Most crops are fed to animals, whose manure makes the soil fertile to grow better crops.

Explanation

Pg 342
Most crops are fed to animals, whose manure makes the soil fertile to grow better crops.

38. What are four strategies to increase food supply?

(Increase/Decrease) the amount of land devoted to agriculture.
(Increase/Decrease) the productivity of land used for agriculture.
Identify new ________ sources.
(Increase/Decrease) exports from other countries.

(Separate each term with one before/after it with a semicolon (;) and a space)

Pg 355

Explanation

Pg 355

Submit

39. What does "cultivate" mean?

To grow

To care for

To make money

To harvest

To raise animals

Pg 329

Explanation

Pg 329

40. In what kind of a region is shifting cultivation practiced?

Humid Low-Latitude

Dry

Warm Mid-Latitude

Cold Mid-Latitude

Polar

Undifferentiated Highlands

Pg 335

Explanation

Pg 335

41. On dairy farms, what is grown by farmers and sold to the market? (Check all that apply)

Milk

Butter

Cheese

Cows

Pg 343
Cows are not sold to the market; instead they are raised and cared for because they provide the farmer with milk, which is then sold and processed to make other dairy products.

Explanation

Pg 343
Cows are not sold to the market; instead they are raised and cared for because they provide the farmer with milk, which is then sold and processed to make other dairy products.

Submit

42. What are the two most important cash crops grown in regions that practice Mediterranean agriculture? (Separate the two terms with a semicolon (;) and a space)

Pg 349
Grapes are used to make wine and olives are used to make cooking oil.

Explanation

Pg 349
Grapes are used to make wine and olives are used to make cooking oil.

Submit

43. How many agricultural regions did Whittlesey identify, excluding the region where agriculture was nonexistent? (As a number or word)

Pg 333
Five regions are located primarily in LDCs and six regions are located primarily in MDCs.

Explanation

Pg 333
Five regions are located primarily in LDCs and six regions are located primarily in MDCs.

Submit

46. Farmers in LDCs use what for power? (Check all that apply)

Human

Animal

Machinery

Hand tools

Pg 332
Farmers in LDCs can't afford machines, so they must depend on themselves and animals to work the land.

Explanation

Pg 332
Farmers in LDCs can't afford machines, so they must depend on themselves and animals to work the land.

Submit

47. In which two European countries is ranching common? (Check two)

France

Portugal

Spain

Germany

Russia

Pg 348

Explanation

Pg 348

Submit

49. Farmers in MDCs grow crops and raise animals to sell directly to ____________________. (Check all that apply)

Consumers

Food-processing companies

Markets

Stores

Pg 331 Farmers in MDCs grow crops and raise animals to sell them to food-processing companies, who then sell the processed food to the supermarket or store, where consumers purchase them.

Explanation

Pg 331 Farmers in MDCs grow crops and raise animals to sell them to food-processing companies, who then sell the processed food to the supermarket or store, where consumers purchase them.

50. Commercial gardening and fruit farming, also known as truck farming, produce what crops for consumers? (Check all that apply)

Cereal Grains

Fruits

Vegetables

Flowers

Rice

Pg 349
People who practice commercial gardening and fruit farming produce fruits and vegetables to sell to consumers as fresh produce or processed and canned food.

Explanation

Pg 349
People who practice commercial gardening and fruit farming produce fruits and vegetables to sell to consumers as fresh produce or processed and canned food.

Submit

51. Which region was the world's major exporter of food by 1980?

Western Europe

Asia

Eastern Europe

Latin America

North America

Pg 358
In fact, North America was the world's only major exporter in 1980.

Explanation

Pg 358
In fact, North America was the world's only major exporter in 1980.

52. 75% of all income of mixed crop and livestock farmer is from the sale of _______________________.

Corn

Animal products

Cereal grains

Fruits and vegetables

Pg 342

Explanation

Pg 342

53. What three factors distinguish sustainable agriculture (or organic farming) from conventional agriculture? (Check three)

Sensitive land management

Growth of certain crops

Limited use of chemicals

Growth of only crops

Better integration of livestock

Pg 352

Explanation

Pg 352

Submit

55. Which of the following is NOT a reason why fields are abandoned in shifting cultivation?

Infertile soil

Nutrient depletion

Water scarcity

Rapid weed growth

Pg 335

Explanation

Pg 335

56. What are the challenges that commercial farmers face? (Check all that apply)

Government subsidies

Low selling prices

Numerous amounts in the markets

Sustainable practices

Pg 351
Commercial farmers produce too many crops, so there is a high supply. However, the demand for food is staying about the same, because of a level or decreasing population. Therefore, each crop is readily available, so prices drop.

Explanation

Pg 351
Commercial farmers produce too many crops, so there is a high supply. However, the demand for food is staying about the same, because of a level or decreasing population. Therefore, each crop is readily available, so prices drop.

Submit

57. Which of the following did von Thunen fail to consider in his model? (Check all that apply)

Cost of products

Physical environment

Transportation costs

Social factors

Government policies

Need of space

Pg 350-351

Explanation

Pg 350-351

Submit

58. Shifting cultivation occupies about _________% of the world's land area and about __________% of the world's population. (Both are either numbers or words) (Separate the two terms with a semicolon (;) and a space)

Pg 337

Explanation

Pg 337

Submit

59. The regions that pratice Mediterranean agriculture have which of the following in common? (Check al that apply)

Physical environment

Crop grown

Borders a sea

Most on west coast of continents

All are located around the Mediterranean Sea

Pg 349
Not all regions that practice Mediterranean agriculture grow the same crops. California grows citrus fruits while the areas around the Mediterranean Sea grow grapes and olives.
Not all regions that practice Mediterranean agriculture are located around the Mediterranean Sea. California, South Africa, and Chile practice Mediterranean agriculture.

Explanation

Pg 349
Not all regions that practice Mediterranean agriculture grow the same crops. California grows citrus fruits while the areas around the Mediterranean Sea grow grapes and olives.
Not all regions that practice Mediterranean agriculture are located around the Mediterranean Sea. California, South Africa, and Chile practice Mediterranean agriculture.

Submit

61. What is/are the difference(s) between pastoral nomadism and ranching? (Check all that apply)

Pastoral nomadism is a form of subsistence agriculture whereas ranching is a form of commercial agriculture.

Nomads kill their animals on the spot whereas ranchers deliver their animals to the butcher to be killed

Nomads migrate a longer distance with their livestock than ranchers.

Ranchers raise livestock but nomads grow crops as well as livestock.

Pg 338-339, 346-349
Pastoral nomadism is practiced in LDCs and therefore is a form of subsistence agriculture. Ranching is practiced in MDCs and therefore is a form of commercial agriculture.
Nomads do not kill their livestock, because the size of a herd is a sign of power and prestige. However, if animals die, nomads will consume the bodies then. Ranchers sell their animals to the butcher to be killed.
Nomads migrate frequently with their animals. They use the physical characteristics to make their migration patterns, such as following water sources. Nomads practice transhumance, which is the seasonal migration of animals between mountains and low-lying pastures. Ranchers do not migrate; the government of many MDCs, such as the United States, have designated certain areas to ranchers to raise their animals.
Nomads grow crops as well as raising livestock. Usually, the women and children plant crops while the men with the animals wander around the land. Other times, people will be hired to plant crops in exchange for part of the harvest. Other times the group may just stay in one area to grow crops until the soil gets depleted or the climate gets too dry, and the group will migrate to search for food and water.

Explanation

Pg 338-339, 346-349
Pastoral nomadism is practiced in LDCs and therefore is a form of subsistence agriculture. Ranching is practiced in MDCs and therefore is a form of commercial agriculture.
Nomads do not kill their livestock, because the size of a herd is a sign of power and prestige. However, if animals die, nomads will consume the bodies then. Ranchers sell their animals to the butcher to be killed.
Nomads migrate frequently with their animals. They use the physical characteristics to make their migration patterns, such as following water sources. Nomads practice transhumance, which is the seasonal migration of animals between mountains and low-lying pastures. Ranchers do not migrate; the government of many MDCs, such as the United States, have designated certain areas to ranchers to raise their animals.
Nomads grow crops as well as raising livestock. Usually, the women and children plant crops while the men with the animals wander around the land. Other times, people will be hired to plant crops in exchange for part of the harvest. Other times the group may just stay in one area to grow crops until the soil gets depleted or the climate gets too dry, and the group will migrate to search for food and water.

Submit

62. What does the United States government do to prevent overproduction? (Check all that apply)

Advise farmers to not produce crops that are in abundance

Move farmers to cities with better paying jobs

Pay farmers the difference between market prices and selling prices

Buys crops from farmers and sells/donates them to foreign governments

Gives food stamps to low-income people to use up abundant food

Pg 351

Explanation

Pg 351

Submit

63. Which of the following is/are the primary hearths of vegetative planting? (Check all that apply)

Central America

Northwestern South America

Sub-Saharan Africa

West Africa

Europe

Middle East

Southwest Asia

Southeast Asia

Oceania

South Asia

East Asia

East Africa

Pg 330 Map

Explanation

Pg 330 Map

Submit

64. Which of the following is/are primary hearths of seed agriculture? (Check all that apply)

Central America

Northwestern South America

Sub-Saharan Africa

West Africa

Europe

Middle East

Southwest Asia

Southeast Asia

Oceania

South Asia

East Asia

East Africa

Pg 331 Map

Explanation

Pg 331 Map

Submit

65. Match the rings of the von Thunen model to what the land is used for.

Center

Innermost Ring

2nd Innermost Ring

3rd Innermost Ring

3rd Outermost Ring

2nd Outermost Ring

Outermost Ring

Pg 350

Explanation

Pg 350

Submit