AP Human Geography Agriculture (Rubenstein) Exam Practice Test
This test is from An Introduction to Human Geography (9th edition) by James M. Rubenstein. This is about the agriculture chapter of the textbook.
NOTE: All textbooks concerning human geography or are related to the course or used for the course of Human Geography are compatible with this textbook by Rubenstein.
WARNING: If you are not taking AP Human Geography, then I would advise you not to take this test because you may not be familiar with many terms or patterns.
- 1.
What does "cultivate" mean?
- A.
To grow
- B.
To care for
- C.
To make money
- D.
To harvest
- E.
To raise animals
Correct Answer
B. To care forExplanation
Pg 329Rate this question:
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- 2.
How were humans surviving before the agricultural revolution? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Growing crops
- B.
Hunting animals
- C.
Planting seeds
- D.
Raising animals
- E.
Gathering crops
Correct Answer(s)
B. Hunting animals
E. Gathering cropsExplanation
Pg 329. Before the agricultural revolution, people did what is known as hunting and gathering.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Hunters and gatherers lived in small groups.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Pg 329. If hunters and gatherers lived in large groups, the resources of the land would not be able to sustain the population.Rate this question:
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- 4.
There are still hunters and gatherers in the world today.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Pg 329. There are still hunters and gatherers that primarily live in the Arctic and the interior of Africa, Australia, and South America.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What are the two types of cultivation (NOT types of agriculture)? Write the right answers in the correct order separated by a semicolon (;).
Correct Answer
vegetative planting; seed agriculture, seed agriculture; vegetative plantingExplanation
Pg 329Rate this question:
- 6.
Who developed the two types of cultivation? You can either have:
- First and last name OR
- The last name only
Correct Answer
Carl Sauer, SauerExplanation
Pg 329Rate this question:
- 7.
Agriculture probably had one hearth.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Pg 329
Agriculture probably had many hearths instead of just one.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following is/are the primary hearths of vegetative planting? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Central America
- B.
Northwestern South America
- C.
Sub-Saharan Africa
- D.
West Africa
- E.
Europe
- F.
Middle East
- G.
Southwest Asia
- H.
Southeast Asia
- I.
Oceania
- J.
South Asia
- K.
East Asia
- L.
East Africa
Correct Answer(s)
B. Northwestern South America
D. West Africa
H. Southeast AsiaExplanation
Pg 330 MapRate this question:
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- 9.
Vegetative planting diffused in all compass directions-northward, eastward, southward, and westward- from the hearth in Southeast Asia.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Pg 330. MapRate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following is/are primary hearths of seed agriculture? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Central America
- B.
Northwestern South America
- C.
Sub-Saharan Africa
- D.
West Africa
- E.
Europe
- F.
Middle East
- G.
Southwest Asia
- H.
Southeast Asia
- I.
Oceania
- J.
South Asia
- K.
East Asia
- L.
East Africa
Correct Answer(s)
A. Central America
B. Northwestern South America
J. South Asia
K. East Asia
L. East AfricaExplanation
Pg 331 MapRate this question:
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- 11.
Seed agriculture diffused in all compass directions- northward, eastward, southward, and westward- from the hearth in China.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Pg 331 Map
Seed agriculture diffused northward, eastward, and southward from the hearth in China, but it never diffused westwards.Rate this question:
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- 12.
When was seed agriculture starting to become widely practiced in the Western Hemisphere?
- A.
When agriculture diffused from the hearth in Mexico
- B.
When agriculture diffused from the hearth in South America
- C.
When the Europeans brought agriculture with them from Europe
- D.
When the hearth of seed agriculture rose up in the United States
Correct Answer
C. When the Europeans brought agriculture with them from EuropeExplanation
Pg 330 Agriculture was practiced in North America, but it was not widespread until the Europeans brought their practices over from Europe.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The primary differences between agriculture practices in the world are between those of what two types of regions/countries?
- A.
Africa and Asia
- B.
Northern and Southern Hemispheres
- C.
Eastern and Western Hemispheres
- D.
Land and oceans
- E.
MDCs and LDCs
Correct Answer
E. MDCs and LDCsExplanation
Pg 330Rate this question:
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- 14.
What type of agriculture is practiced to produce food for sale off the farm?
- A.
Commercial
- B.
Subsistence
- C.
Seed
- D.
Vegetative Planting
Correct Answer
A. CommercialExplanation
Pg 330Rate this question:
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- 15.
What type of agriculture is practiced to feed the farmer and the farmer's family?
- A.
Commercial
- B.
Subsistence
- C.
Seed
- D.
Vegetative Planting
Correct Answer
B. SubsistenceExplanation
Pg 330Rate this question:
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- 16.
In LDCs, the production of food to sell to the government or private firms is the main priority.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Pg 331
In LDCs, food is produced to feed the farmer and the farmer's family.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Farmers in MDCs grow crops and raise animals to sell directly to ____________________. (Check all that apply)
- A.
Consumers
- B.
Food-processing companies
- C.
Markets
- D.
Stores
Correct Answer
B. Food-processing companiesExplanation
Pg 331 Farmers in MDCs grow crops and raise animals to sell them to food-processing companies, who then sell the processed food to the supermarket or store, where consumers purchase them.Rate this question:
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- 18.
There are ____________ percentages of the populations in MDCs that work directly with farming and _____________ percentages of the population of LDCs that work directly with farming. (Place a semicolon (;) and a space between the two terms) (Options-high/low)
Correct Answer
low; highExplanation
Pg 331Rate this question:
- 19.
The low percentages of farmers in MDCs explain why MDCs are not able to provide LDCs with food.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Pg 331-332 There are low percentages of farmers in MDCs, but some MDCs, like the United States and Canada, produce enough food to "not only provide for themselves and the rest of the region (North America) but also a surplus to feed people elsewhere."Rate this question:
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- 20.
The number of farmers have decreased during the twentieth century.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Pg 332
The number of farmers have decreased because of push and pull migration factors. The income of farmland was not enough to make a decent living, and there were higher paying jobs in cities.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Farmers in MDCs use what for power? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Human
- B.
Animal
- C.
Machinery
- D.
Hand tools
Correct Answer
C. MachineryExplanation
Pg 332Rate this question:
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- 22.
Farmers in LDCs use what for power? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Human
- B.
Animal
- C.
Machinery
- D.
Hand tools
Correct Answer(s)
A. Human
B. Animal
D. Hand toolsExplanation
Pg 332
Farmers in LDCs can't afford machines, so they must depend on themselves and animals to work the land.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The size of a farm in a MDC is bigger than the size of a farm in an LDC.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Pg 333
Farmers have larger farms in MDCs to produce much more food to sell than in LDCs, where 1) food is produced only for the survival of the farmer and the family, so there does not need to be a lot of land area and 2) there is a large population and a small land area, so there can only be so much land for each person.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The connection between farming and food-production jobs (such as processing, packaging, storing, distributing, retailing, tractor manufacturing, fertilizer production, and seed distribution) is called __________________________.
Correct Answer
agribusinessExplanation
Pg 333Rate this question:
- 25.
Only 2 percent of the United States' population works directly in the farming business, but around _______% of the population works with agribusiness. (As a number or word)
Correct Answer
20
twentyExplanation
Pg 333Rate this question:
- 26.
Who made the most widely used map that shows regional distribution of subsistence and commercial agriculture? (First and last name OR last name only)
Correct Answer
Derwent Whittlesey
WhittleseyExplanation
Pg 333Rate this question:
- 27.
How many agricultural regions did Whittlesey identify, excluding the region where agriculture was nonexistent? (As a number or word)
Correct Answer
11
elevenExplanation
Pg 333
Five regions are located primarily in LDCs and six regions are located primarily in MDCs.Rate this question:
- 28.
Whittlesey sorted out agricultural practices based upon ________________, because it determined what kind of crop can be grown and whether or not animals are raised.
Correct Answer
climateExplanation
Pg 334
Climate would cause many other factors, which would then cause what kind of crop is grown or whether or not animals are raised.Rate this question:
- 29.
In what kind of a region is shifting cultivation practiced?
- A.
Humid Low-Latitude
- B.
Dry
- C.
Warm Mid-Latitude
- D.
Cold Mid-Latitude
- E.
Polar
- F.
Undifferentiated Highlands
Correct Answer
A. Humid Low-LatitudeExplanation
Pg 335Rate this question:
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- 30.
A region with a humid low-latitude climate would have (high/low) temperatures with (abundant/scarce) rainfall. (Separate the two terms with a semicolon (;) and a space)
Correct Answer
high; abundantExplanation
Pg 335Rate this question:
- 31.
Why is shifting cultivation called shifting cultivation instead of shifting agriculture? What is the primary difference between the two?
- A.
Crops grown
- B.
Animals raised
- C.
Scale
- D.
Intensity
Correct Answer
C. ScaleExplanation
Pg 335Rate this question:
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- 32.
Specifically, how do farmers clear the land for shifting cultivation?
- A.
Using machines to cut the trees down
- B.
Mowing the grass
- C.
Cutting the grass
- D.
Slashing the vegetation and burning the debris
Correct Answer
D. Slashing the vegetation and burning the debrisExplanation
Pg 335
This characteristic of shifting cultivation is called slash-and-burn agriculture.Rate this question:
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- 33.
In shifting cultivation, exhausted soil is left fallow for a time period until it is ready for use again.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Pg 335Rate this question:
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- 34.
What is the land cleared by slash-and-burn agriculture called?
Correct Answer
swiddenExplanation
Pg 335Rate this question:
- 35.
In shifting cultivation, hoes, plows, and animals are used to prepare the fields for planting.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Pg 335
Only hoes are sometimes used. Plows and animals are never used for preparation of land for shifting cultivation.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Which of the following is NOT a reason why fields are abandoned in shifting cultivation?
- A.
Infertile soil
- B.
Nutrient depletion
- C.
Water scarcity
- D.
Rapid weed growth
Correct Answer
C. Water scarcityExplanation
Pg 335Rate this question:
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- 37.
In shifting cultivation, if a village abandons a patch of land, the people will not care for the land until it is time for them to reuse the land after the soil is replenished.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Pg 335
Villagers may still care for fruit-bearing trees on a depleted site.Rate this question:
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- 38.
The Kayapo people of the Amazon plant their crops in what shape?
- A.
Rectangle
- B.
Square
- C.
Circle
- D.
Oval
- E.
Triangle
Correct Answer
C. CircleExplanation
Pg 337
The crops that require the most nutrients are planted on the outer rings. It is on the outer rings that leaves fall on, and the rotting of these leaves releases nutrients into the soil.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Farmers in MDCs grow (one/many) crop(s) over a wide area. Farmers in LDCs grow (one/many) crop(s) over a wide area. (Separate the two terms with a semicolon (;) and a space)
Correct Answer
one; manyExplanation
Pg 337
Farmers in MDCs grow one crop in a large area to make money off of that one crop. Farmers in LDCs grow many crops to provide intermingled food for their own family. However, there are some cases where farmers in LDCs will grow certain crops and trade with other farmers to have a variety of food.Rate this question:
- 40.
Shifting cultivation occupies about _________% of the world's land area and about __________% of the world's population. (Both are either numbers or words) (Separate the two terms with a semicolon (;) and a space)
Correct Answer
25; 5
twenty five; five
twenty-five; fiveExplanation
Pg 337Rate this question:
- 41.
What do critics say about shifting cultivation? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Shifting cultivation is an inefficient way to feed people in LDCs
- B.
Shifting cultivation eliminates diversity of cultures in LDCs
- C.
Shifting cultivation is not an effective use of land
- D.
Shifting cultivation is environmentally friendly
Correct Answer(s)
A. Shifting cultivation is an inefficient way to feed people in LDCs
C. Shifting cultivation is not an effective use of landExplanation
Pg 338
Critics say that logging, cattle ranching, and growing cash crops are more efficient ways for development than shifting cultivation.
Also, LDCs see that shifting cultivation is an inefficient way to grow food to feed people.Rate this question:
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- 42.
What is/are the difference(s) between pastoral nomadism and ranching? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Pastoral nomadism is a form of subsistence agriculture whereas ranching is a form of commercial agriculture.
- B.
Nomads kill their animals on the spot whereas ranchers deliver their animals to the butcher to be killed
- C.
Nomads migrate a longer distance with their livestock than ranchers.
- D.
Ranchers raise livestock but nomads grow crops as well as livestock.
Correct Answer(s)
A. Pastoral nomadism is a form of subsistence agriculture whereas ranching is a form of commercial agriculture.
C. Nomads migrate a longer distance with their livestock than ranchers.
D. Ranchers raise livestock but nomads grow crops as well as livestock.Explanation
Pg 338-339, 346-349
Pastoral nomadism is practiced in LDCs and therefore is a form of subsistence agriculture. Ranching is practiced in MDCs and therefore is a form of commercial agriculture.
Nomads do not kill their livestock, because the size of a herd is a sign of power and prestige. However, if animals die, nomads will consume the bodies then. Ranchers sell their animals to the butcher to be killed.
Nomads migrate frequently with their animals. They use the physical characteristics to make their migration patterns, such as following water sources. Nomads practice transhumance, which is the seasonal migration of animals between mountains and low-lying pastures. Ranchers do not migrate; the government of many MDCs, such as the United States, have designated certain areas to ranchers to raise their animals.
Nomads grow crops as well as raising livestock. Usually, the women and children plant crops while the men with the animals wander around the land. Other times, people will be hired to plant crops in exchange for part of the harvest. Other times the group may just stay in one area to grow crops until the soil gets depleted or the climate gets too dry, and the group will migrate to search for food and water.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Intensive subsistence agriculture means that farmers must use a larger piece of land to produce food.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Pg 339
Intensive subsistence agriculture means that farmers must work more intensively on a piece of land.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Wet rice is first planted on (dry/wet) land and then transferred to (dry/wet) land to promote growth. (Separate the two terms with a semicolon (;) and a space)
Correct Answer
dry; wetExplanation
Pg 340Rate this question:
- 45.
The process of obtaining two harvests per year from the same field is called ____________________.
Correct Answer
double croppingExplanation
Pg 341Rate this question:
- 46.
What is the most important crop of intensive subsistence farming with wet rice NOT dominant?
Correct Answer
wheatExplanation
Pg 341
In areas where wet rice is not dominant, the winters are too harsh and there is not enough precipitation in the summer.Rate this question:
- 47.
What is a form of subsistence agriculture where an MDC owns the farm and orders the locals to grow certain crops for sale to that MDC?
Correct Answer
plantation
plantation farmingExplanation
Pg 341Rate this question:
- 48.
The most distinctive characteristic of fixed crop and livestock farming is that it integrates ________________________.
- A.
Different kinds of crops
- B.
Crops and livestock
- C.
Different kinds of livestock
- D.
Crop rotation
Correct Answer
B. Crops and livestockExplanation
Pg 342
Most crops are fed to animals, whose manure makes the soil fertile to grow better crops.Rate this question:
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- 49.
In mixed crop and livestock farming, which crop is grown to be sold to people as oil but mostly to be fed to animals?
Correct Answer
cornExplanation
Pg 342-343Rate this question:
- 50.
On dairy farms, what is grown by farmers and sold to the market? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Milk
- B.
Butter
- C.
Cheese
- D.
Cows
Correct Answer(s)
A. Milk
B. Butter
C. CheeseExplanation
Pg 343
Cows are not sold to the market; instead they are raised and cared for because they provide the farmer with milk, which is then sold and processed to make other dairy products.Rate this question:
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