AP Human Geography Agriculture (rubenstein)
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This test is from An Introduction to Human Geography(9th edition) by James M. Rubenstein. This is about the Agriculture chapter of the textbook. NOTE: All textbooks concerning human geography or are related to the course or used for the course of Human Geography are compatible with this textbook by Rubenstein. WARNING: If you are not taking AP Human Geography, then I would advise you not to take this test because you do not take the course, so you will not know many terms or patterns.
- 1.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 2.What does "cultivate" mean?
- A.
To grow
- B.
To care for
- C.
To make money
- D.
To harvest
- E.
To raise animals
- 3.
- A.
Growing crops
- B.
Hunting animals
- C.
Planting seeds
- D.
Raising animals
- E.
Gathering crops
- 4.Hunters and gatherers lived in small groups.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 5.The __________ hunted game or fished and the ______________ collected berries, nuts, and roots. (Options- men, women) (Separate the two terms with a semicolon (;) and a space)
- 6.There are still hunters and gatherers in the world today.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 7.What are the two types of cultivation (NOT types of agriculture)? (Separate the two terms with a semicolon (;) and a space)
- 8.Who developed the two types of cultivation? You can either have:
- First and last name OR
- Last name only
- 9.Agriculture probably had one hearth.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 10.
- A.
Central America
- B.
Northwestern South America
- C.
Sub-Saharan Africa
- D.
West Africa
- E.
Europe
- F.
Middle East
- G.
Southwest Asia
- H.
Southeast Asia
- I.
Oceania
- J.
South Asia
- K.
East Asia
- L.
East Africa
- 11.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 12.What did people in Southeast Asia do before they started practicing vegetative planting?
- 13.
- A.
Central America
- B.
Northwestern South America
- C.
Sub-Saharan Africa
- D.
West Africa
- E.
Europe
- F.
Middle East
- G.
Southwest Asia
- H.
Southeast Asia
- I.
Oceania
- J.
South Asia
- K.
East Asia
- L.
East Africa
- 14.Seed agriculture diffused in all compass directions- northward, eastward, southward, and westward- from the hearth in China.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 15.
- A.
When agriculture diffused from the hearth in Mexico
- B.
When agriculture diffused from the hearth in South America
- C.
When the Europeans brought agriculture with them from Europe
- D.
When the hearth of seed agriculture rose up in the United States
- 16.The primary differences between agriculture practices in the world are between those of what two types of regions/countries?
- A.
Africa and Asia
- B.
Northern and Southern Hemispheres
- C.
Eastern and Western Hemispheres
- D.
Land and oceans
- E.
MDCs and LDCs
- 17.What type of agriculture is practiced to produce food for sale off the farm?
- A.
Commercial
- B.
Subsistence
- C.
Seed
- D.
Vegetative Planting
- 18.What type of agriculture is practiced to feed the farmer and the farmer's family?
- A.
Commercial
- B.
Subsistence
- C.
Seed
- D.
Vegetative Planting
- 19.In LDCs, the production of food to sell to the government or private firms is the main priority.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 20.Farmers in MDCs grow crops and raise animals to sell directly to ____________________. (Check all that apply)
- A.
Consumers
- B.
Food-processing companies
- C.
Markets
- D.
Stores
- 21.There are ____________ percentages of the populations in MDCs that work directly with farming and _____________ percentages of the population of LDCs that work directly with farming. (Place a semicolon (;) and a space between the two terms) (Options-high/low)
- 22.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 23.The number of farmers have decreased during the twentieth century.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 24.Farmers in MDCs use what for power? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Human
- B.
Animal
- C.
Machinery
- D.
Hand tools
- 25.Farmers in LDCs use what for power? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Human
- B.
Animal
- C.
Machinery
- D.
Hand tools
- 26.The size of a farm in a MDC is bigger than the size of a farm in an LDC.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 27.The connection between farming and food-production jobs (such as processing, packaging, storing, distributing, retailing, tractor manufacturing, fertilizer production, and seed distribution) is called __________________________.
- 28.Only 2 percent of the United States' population works directly in the farming business, but around _______% of the population works with agribusiness. (As a number or word)
- 29.Who made the most widely used map that shows regional distribution of subsistence and commercial agriculture? (First and last name OR last name only)
- 30.How many agricultural regions did Whittlesey identify, excluding the region where agriculture was nonexistent? (As a number or word)
- 31.Whittlesey sorted out agricultural practices based upon ________________, because it determined what kind of crop can be grown and whether or not animals are raised.
- 32.
- A.
Humid Low-Latitude
- B.
Dry
- C.
Warm Mid-Latitude
- D.
Cold Mid-Latitude
- E.
Polar
- F.
Undifferentiated Highlands
- 33.A region with a humid low-latitude climate would have (high/low) temperatures with (abundant/scarce) rainfall. (Separate the two terms with a semicolon (;) and a space)
- 34.Why is shifting cultivation called shifting cultivation instead of shifting agriculture? What is the primary difference between the two?
- A.
Crops grown
- B.
Animals raised
- C.
Scale
- D.
Intensity
- 35.Specifically, how do farmers clear the land for shifting cultivation?
- A.
Using machines to cut the trees down
- B.
Mowing the grass
- C.
Cutting the grass
- D.
Slashing the vegetation and burning the debris
- 36.In shifting cultivation, exhausted soil is left fallow for a time period until it is ready for use again.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 37.What is the land cleared by slash-and-burn agriculture called?
- 38.In shifting cultivation, hoes, plows, and animals are used to prepare the fields for planting.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 39.Which of the following is NOT a reason why fields are abandoned in shifting cultivation?
- A.
Infertile soil
- B.
Nutrient depletion
- C.
Water scarcity
- D.
Rapid weed growth
- 40.In shifting cultivation, if a village abandons a patch of land, the people will not care for the land until it is time for them to reuse the land after the soil is replenished.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 41.The Kayapo people of the Amazon plant their crops in what shape?
- A.
Rectangle
- B.
Square
- C.
Circle
- D.
Oval
- E.
Triangle
- 42.Farmers in MDCs grow (one/many) crop(s) over a wide area. Farmers in LDCs grow (one/many) crop(s) over a wide area. (Separate the two terms with a semicolon (;) and a space)
- 43.Shifting cultivation occupies about _________% of the world's land area and about __________% of the world's population. (Both are either numbers or words) (Separate the two terms with a semicolon (;) and a space)
- 44.
- A.
Shifting cultivation is an inefficient way to feed people in LDCs
- B.
Shifting cultivation eliminates diversity of cultures in LDCs
- C.
Shifting cultivation is not an effective use of land
- D.
Shifting cultivation is environmentally friendly
- 45.What is/are the difference(s) between pastoral nomadism and ranching? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Pastoral nomadism is a form of subsistence agriculture whereas ranching is a form of commercial agriculture.
- B.
Nomads kill their animals on the spot whereas ranchers deliver their animals to the butcher to be killed
- C.
Nomads migrate a longer distance with their livestock than ranchers.
- D.
Ranchers raise livestock but nomads grow crops as well as livestock.
- 46.Intensive subsistence agriculture means that farmers must use a larger piece of land to produce food.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 47.Wet rice is first planted on (dry/wet) land and then transferred to (dry/wet) land to promote growth. (Separate the two terms with a semicolon (;) and a space)
- 48.The flooded field in which wet rice is grown on is called a paddy.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 49.
- A. Step 1
- A.
- B. Step 2
- B.
- C. Step 3
- C.
- 50.The process of obtaining two harvests per year from the same field is called ____________________.
- 51.What is the most important crop of intensive subsistence farming with wet rice NOT dominant?
- 52.What is a form of subsistence agriculture where an MDC owns the farm and orders the locals to grow certain crops for sale to that MDC?
- 53.The most distinctive characteristic of fixed crop and livestock farming is that it integrates ________________________.
- A.
Different kinds of crops
- B.
Crops and livestock
- C.
Different kinds of livestock
- D.
Crop rotation
- 54.75% of all income of mixed crop and livestock farmer is from the sale of _______________________.
- A.
Corn
- B.
Animal products
- C.
Cereal grains
- D.
Fruits and vegetables
- 55.In mixed crop and livestock farming, which crop is grown to be sold to people as oil but mostly to be fed to animals?
- 56.Dairy farms are located far from urban areas because lack of space near cities.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 57.On dairy farms, what is grown by farmers and sold to the market? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Milk
- B.
Butter
- C.
Cheese
- D.
Cows
- 58.What is the area surrounding a city from which milk can be supplied called?
- 59.Due to the numbers of dairy farmers leaving their business and heading to higher-paying jobs with less intensive work, dairy production has decreased.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 60.What grass do grain farmers grow the most?
- A.
Corn
- B.
Oats
- C.
Wheat
- D.
Barley
- 61.Which country is the largest commercial producer of grain?
- A.
United States
- B.
Canada
- C.
Australia
- D.
China
- E.
India
- 62._______________ is wheat planted in the fall, develops a strong root system, and survives the winter to be harvested in the beginning of summer. This type of wheat growing is found in Colorado, Kansas, and Oklahoma.
- 63._______________ is wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer. This type of wheat growing is found in regions where the winter is too severe for wheat to survive, such as the Dakotas, Montana, and southern Saskatchewan in Canada.
- 64.
- 65.What is the present-day machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans in one operation called?
- 66.What animal is raised in ranching in the United States?
- 67.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 68.In which two European countries is ranching common? (Check two)
- A.
France
- B.
Portugal
- C.
Spain
- D.
Germany
- E.
Russia
- 69.The cattle industry in which South American country grew because of its proximity to the ocean, making it accessible to overseas markets?
- 70.Back then, ranching was (over a wide area/in a fixed location). Now, ranching is (over a wide area/in a fixed location). (Separate the two terms with a semicolon (;) and a space)
- 71.
- A.
Physical environment
- B.
Crop grown
- C.
Borders a sea
- D.
Most on west coast of continents
- E.
All are located around the Mediterranean Sea
- 72.What are the two most important cash crops grown in regions that practice Mediterranean agriculture? (Separate the two terms with a semicolon (;) and a space)
- 73.Commercial gardening and fruit farming, also known as truck farming, produce what crops for consumers? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Cereal Grains
- B.
Fruits
- C.
Vegetables
- D.
Flowers
- E.
Rice
- 74.Who made the model that helps explains the importance of proximity to market the choice of crops on commercial farms? You can either have:
- First and last name OR
- Last name only
- 75.A commercial farmer will always plant the crop that sells for the highest price per given land area.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 76.
- A. Center
- A.
- B. Innermost Ring
- B.
- C. 2nd Innermost Ring
- C.
- D. 3rd Innermost Ring
- D.
- E. 3rd Outermost Ring
- E.
- F. 2nd Outermost Ring
- F.
- G. Outermost Ring
- G.
- 77.What is the main reason that dairy farms are in the first ring of the von Thunen model?
- A.
Its heavy weight (hard to transport far)
- B.
Fast perishable time
- C.
Needs lots of space
- 78.What is the main reason that horticulture farms are in the first ring of the von Thunen model?
- A.
Its heavy weight (hard to transport far)
- B.
Fast perishable time
- C.
Needs lots of space
- 79.What is the main reason that logging is in the second ring of the von Thunen model?
- A.
Its heavy weight (hard to transport far)
- B.
Fast perishable time
- C.
Needs lots of space
- 80.What is the main reason that grazing is in the outermost ring of the von Thunen model?
- A.
Its heavy weight (hard to transport far)
- B.
Fast perishable time
- C.
Needs lots of space
- 81.Which of the following did von Thunen fail to consider in his model? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Cost of products
- B.
Physical environment
- C.
Transportation costs
- D.
Social factors
- E.
Government policies
- F.
Need of space
- 82.If the von Thunen model was modified by a river running through the scenario, then all of the land that was used for the different products would run ______________ to the river.
- 83.What are the challenges that commercial farmers face? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Government subsidies
- B.
Low selling prices
- C.
Numerous amounts in the markets
- D.
Sustainable practices
- 84.
- A.
Advise farmers to not produce crops that are in abundance
- B.
Move farmers to cities with better paying jobs
- C.
Pay farmers the difference between market prices and selling prices
- D.
Buys crops from farmers and sells/donates them to foreign governments
- E.
Gives food stamps to low-income people to use up abundant food
- 85.Farmers in MDCs grow (more/less) food than needed while farmers in LDCs grow (more/less) food than needed. (Separate the two terms with a semicolon (;) and a space)
- 86._____________ agriculture is the practice that preserves and enhances environmental quality.
- 87.What three factors distinguish sustainable agriculture (or organic farming) from conventional agriculture? (Check three)
- A.
Sensitive land management
- B.
Growth of certain crops
- C.
Limited use of chemicals
- D.
Growth of only crops
- E.
Better integration of livestock
- 88.____________ _____________ is the system of planting crops on ridge tops.
- 89.Ridge tillage decreases the cost of production while producing the same yield as other conventional farming methods.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 90.What are the problems that subsistence farmers face? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Producing for a rapidly growing population
- B.
Producing for exportation to MDCs
- C.
Having not enough farmers
- D.
Inefficient use of land
- 91.Who came up with five different stages in the intensification of farmland? You can either have:
- First and last name OR
- Last name only
- 92.Match Boserup's stages of intensification of farmland to its description.
- A. Forest Fallow
- A.
- B. Bush Fallow
- B.
- C. Short Fallow
- C.
- D. Annual Cropping
- D.
- E. Multicropping
- E.
- 93.What are ways subsistence farmers increase productivity? (Check all that apply)
- A.
Use machines
- B.
Use pesticides
- C.
Use better farming tools
- D.
Leave land fallow for a lesser time
- 94.In some LDCs, women work at home trying to grow crops, cook food, and clean for the family while men work on other land trying to grow crops for export to MDCs.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 95.What are four strategies to increase food supply?
- (Increase/Decrease) the amount of land devoted to agriculture.
- (Increase/Decrease) the productivity of land used for agriculture.
- Identify new ________ sources.
- (Increase/Decrease) exports from other countries.
- 96._______________ is the process of deteriorating the land to a desertlike condition.
- 97.The ______________ ________________ is the invention and rapid diffusion of more productive agricultural techniques during the 1970s and 1980s.
- 98.One way to increase food supply is to make rarely consumed foods more appealing.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 99.Which region was the world's major exporter of food by 1980?
- A.
Western Europe
- B.
Asia
- C.
Eastern Europe
- D.
Latin America
- E.
North America
- 100.Africa has a higher population than food production.
- A.
True
- B.
False
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