AP Chemistry Chapter 2 Quiz (Part 2)

Chemical bonds are the forces that hold atoms together in compounds. These bonds are formed through the sharing or transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in the formation of stable molecules. Isotopes refer to different forms of an element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Molecules are made up of two or more atoms bonded together, while atoms are the basic units of matter.

The correct answer is Hydrogen Bromide. This is because HBr is the chemical formula for Hydrogen Bromide, which is a diatomic molecule consisting of hydrogen and bromine atoms.

The periodic table is arranged so that elements in the same vertical columns have similar chemical properties. These vertical columns are called groups.

A chemical formula is a representation of a compound using symbols for the elements and subscripts to indicate the relative numbers of atoms. It provides information about the types of atoms present in the compound and the ratio in which they are combined. This notation is commonly used in chemistry to convey the composition of substances and is essential for understanding and communicating chemical reactions and properties.

An ion with a negative charge is called an anion. Anions are formed when an atom gains one or more electrons, resulting in an overall negative charge. This occurs when the atom has more electrons than protons. Anions are attracted to positively charged ions, called cations, and play important roles in chemical reactions and the formation of compounds.

The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table are called "periods". Each period represents a different energy level or shell in which the elements' electrons are arranged. The number of periods in the periodic table corresponds to the number of electron shells an atom can have. Elements in the same period have similar properties and exhibit trends in atomic size and electronegativity as you move from left to right across the table.

In the compound HgO or Mercury (II) oxide, the charge on the Mercury ion is 2+. This is because Oxygen (O) typically has a charge of 2-, and since the overall compound is neutral, the charge on Mercury must be equal and opposite, resulting in a 2+ charge.

Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share electrons. This type of bond occurs between nonmetal atoms, where both atoms have similar electronegativity. In a covalent bond, the shared electrons are attracted to both nuclei, creating a strong bond between the atoms. Therefore, covalent is the correct answer for the given question.

Nonmetals chemically tend to gain electrons in reactions to form negative ions. They usually bond with each other by forming covalent bonds. This is because nonmetals have a high electronegativity, which means they have a strong attraction for electrons. By gaining electrons, nonmetals can achieve a stable electron configuration similar to that of noble gases. This allows them to form negative ions and bond with other nonmetals through the sharing of electrons, resulting in the formation of covalent bonds.

A solid consisting of oppositely charged ions is called a salt. When an ionic compound is formed, positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions) are attracted to each other and form a solid lattice structure. This solid lattice structure is what we commonly refer to as a salt.