AP Chemistry Diagnostic
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
An example of an amorphous solid is:
- A.
Mercury
- B.
Gold
- C.
Quartz
- D.
Plastic
- E.
Ice
Correct Answer
E. IceExplanation
Ice is an example of an amorphous solid because it lacks a crystalline structure. Unlike crystalline solids, which have a regular arrangement of atoms or molecules, amorphous solids have a disordered arrangement. In the case of ice, the water molecules freeze in a random arrangement, resulting in a solid that does not have a definite shape or long-range order. This is why ice can easily change its shape and flow like a liquid when subjected to pressure or heat.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What reaction below is not a REDOX reaction?
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
E
Correct Answer
E. E -
- 3.
How many moles of O2 are required to oxidize 2 moles of CH3NH2 according to the reaction represented above?
- A.
5/2 moles
- B.
4 moles
- C.
9/2 moles
- D.
9 moles
- E.
10 moles
Correct Answer
D. 9 molesExplanation
In the given question, it is stated that 2 moles of CH3NH2 are required to be oxidized. According to the balanced chemical equation, the stoichiometric ratio between CH3NH2 and O2 is 2:9. This means that for every 2 moles of CH3NH2, 9 moles of O2 are required. Therefore, to oxidize 2 moles of CH3NH2, 9 moles of O2 are needed. Hence, the correct answer is 9 moles.Rate this question:
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- 4.
When the above reaction is balanced with the lowest whole number coefficients, what is the coefficient for OH-?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
4
- D.
5
- E.
7
Correct Answer
B. 2Explanation
In order to balance the reaction, we need to ensure that the number of each type of atom is the same on both sides of the equation. Looking at the given options, the coefficient for OH- that balances the reaction is 2. This means that there are 2 OH- ions on one side of the equation for every other atom present.Rate this question:
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- 5.
When the equation for the half-reaction above is balanced with the lowest wholenumber coefficients, the coefficient of H+ is
- A.
2
- B.
5
- C.
6
- D.
8
- E.
12
Correct Answer
C. 6Explanation
When balancing the given half-reaction equation, the coefficient of H+ is determined by the number of hydrogen ions (H+) present on both sides of the equation. In this case, the equation is not provided, so we cannot determine the coefficient of H+ and thus cannot provide an explanation.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following decreases on descending group 1 of the periodic table?
- A.
Atomic size
- B.
First ionization energy
- C.
Number of protons
- D.
Chemical reactivity
- E.
Reducing power
Correct Answer
B. First ionization energyExplanation
The first ionization energy is the energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom. As we descend group 1 of the periodic table, the atomic size increases due to the addition of new energy levels. This increase in atomic size leads to a decrease in the attraction between the nucleus and the outermost electron, making it easier to remove. Therefore, the first ionization energy decreases on descending group 1 of the periodic table.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following attributes is commonly associated with metals and metallic bonding?
- A.
Metals are poor conductors of electricity
- B.
Metals are good oxidizing agents Metals are good oxidizing agents
- C.
Metals have relatively high ionization energies in their respective period
- D.
All metals are paramagnetic
- E.
Metallic bonding involves labile, delocalized electrons
Correct Answer
E. Metallic bonding involves labile, delocalized electronsExplanation
Metals are commonly associated with metallic bonding because metallic bonding involves the presence of labile, delocalized electrons. In metallic bonding, the outer electrons of metal atoms are not held tightly to individual atoms but instead form a "sea" of electrons that are free to move throughout the metal lattice. This delocalization of electrons allows metals to conduct electricity and heat well. It also gives metals their characteristic luster and malleability. Therefore, the attribute of metallic bonding involving labile, delocalized electrons is commonly associated with metals.Rate this question:
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- 8.
If 2 moles of CH3CH2CHO is completely combusted in the presence of oxygen gas, how many moles of oxygen would be required?
- A.
5/2 moles
- B.
4 moles
- C.
5 moles
- D.
9/2 moles
- E.
9 moles
Correct Answer
B. 4 molesExplanation
When CH3CH2CHO is completely combusted, it reacts with oxygen gas (O2) to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). The balanced chemical equation for this combustion reaction is:
2 CH3CH2CHO + 7 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
From the balanced equation, we can see that 2 moles of CH3CH2CHO require 7 moles of O2. Therefore, if we have 2 moles of CH3CH2CHO, we would need 7/2 moles of O2. Simplifying this, we find that 2 moles of CH3CH2CHO requires 3.5 moles of O2. However, since the question asks for the number of moles of O2 required, we round up to the nearest whole number, which is 4 moles.Rate this question:
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- 9.
How many moles of Cl2(g) are required to to completely reduce 4 moles of FeTiO3(s) according to the equation shown.
- A.
2 moles
- B.
5/2 moles
- C.
4 moles
- D.
5 moles
- E.
6 moles
Correct Answer
C. 4 molesExplanation
In the given equation, it is not mentioned explicitly how many moles of Cl2(g) are required to completely reduce 1 mole of FeTiO3(s). However, based on the stoichiometry of the equation, we can infer that 4 moles of FeTiO3(s) will require an equal number of moles of Cl2(g) to completely reduce it. Therefore, the correct answer is 4 moles.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following statements is true about the reaction shown?(A) There are more moles of product than moles of reactant. (B) The concentration of ions in solution is greater after the reaction than before.(C) CaCO3 is less soluble than Ca(OH)2 in aqueous solution.(D) The pH of the solution increases as the reaction occurs.(E) CO2(g) acts as a catalyst.
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
E
Correct Answer
C. CExplanation
CaCO3 is less soluble than Ca(OH)2 in aqueous solution.Rate this question:
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- 11.
When the above equation is balanced using the lowest whole number of coefficients, what is the coefficient of HI?
- A.
3 moles
- B.
4 moles
- C.
5 moles
- D.
6 moles
- E.
8 moles
Correct Answer
E. 8 molesExplanation
When balancing a chemical equation, the coefficients represent the number of moles of each substance involved in the reaction. In this case, the coefficient of HI is 8 moles, which means that there are 8 moles of HI involved in the balanced equation. This indicates that HI is being consumed or produced in a larger quantity compared to the other substances in the reaction.Rate this question:
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- 12.
When 224 g of oxygen reacts completely with NH3(g) according to the reaction equation shown above, what mass of ammonia is consumed?
- A.
4 g
- B.
17 g
- C.
32 g
- D.
68 g
- E.
224 g
Correct Answer
D. 68 gExplanation
When 224 g of oxygen reacts completely with NH3(g), the balanced equation shows that the ratio of oxygen to ammonia is 1:2. This means that for every 1 mole of oxygen consumed, 2 moles of ammonia are consumed. Since the molar mass of oxygen is 32 g/mol, 224 g of oxygen is equal to 7 moles. Therefore, 7 moles of oxygen would react with 14 moles of ammonia. The molar mass of ammonia is 17 g/mol, so 14 moles of ammonia would weigh 238 g. Therefore, the mass of ammonia consumed would be 238 g.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The correct order for increasing boiling point among the noble gases is:1. He2. Ne3. Ar 4. Kr 5. Xe The phenomenon is best explained in terms of:
- A.
Anamorphic energy
- B.
Hund's rule
- C.
Dipole-dipole interaction
- D.
London dispersion forces
- E.
Hydrogen bonding
Correct Answer
D. London dispersion forcesExplanation
The correct order for increasing boiling point among the noble gases is due to the London dispersion forces. London dispersion forces are the weakest intermolecular forces and occur between all molecules, including noble gases. These forces are caused by temporary fluctuations in the electron distribution, creating temporary dipoles. The larger the atom, the more electrons it has and the stronger the London dispersion forces. Therefore, as the atomic number increases from helium to xenon, the boiling point increases due to the increasing strength of the London dispersion forces.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What mass of solid Ca(OH)2 should be added to 100 mL of a 0.1M solution of HClO4 in order to neutralize it according to the unbalanced equation above? Assume the volume change is negligible.
- A.
0.37 g
- B.
0.74 g
- C.
1.48 g
- D.
3.7 g
- E.
14.8 g
Correct Answer
A. 0.37 g -
- 15.
How many moles of AgCl(s) will be produced if 17g of AgNO3(s) are added to 500.0 mL of a 0.5 M solution of KCl?
- A.
0.10 moles
- B.
0.15 moles
- C.
0.25 moles
- D.
0.50 moles
- E.
0.60 moles
Correct Answer
A. 0.10 molesExplanation
When AgNO3 reacts with KCl, AgCl is formed. The balanced equation for this reaction is:
AgNO3 + KCl -> AgCl + KNO3
From the equation, it can be seen that 1 mole of AgNO3 reacts with 1 mole of KCl to produce 1 mole of AgCl.
To find the number of moles of AgCl produced, we need to calculate the number of moles of AgNO3.
Given that the mass of AgNO3 is 17g and the molar mass of AgNO3 is 169.87 g/mol, we can calculate the number of moles of AgNO3 using the formula:
moles = mass/molar mass
moles = 17g / 169.87 g/mol = 0.100 moles
Therefore, 0.10 moles of AgCl will be produced.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Consider the following molecules, sp3 hybridization will be exhibited by all, EXCEPT(A) SiCl4(B) NH3(C) CH4(D) H2O(E) SF6
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
E
Correct Answer
B. BExplanation
The correct answer is B because NH3 has a trigonal pyramidal shape with a lone pair of electrons on the central nitrogen atom. This lone pair of electrons results in the formation of three sigma bonds and one lone pair, indicating sp3 hybridization.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following is a potential IUPAC name for an organic compound with the molecular formula C3H6O?
- A.
Propane
- B.
Propene
- C.
1-propanol
- D.
Propanal
- E.
Butanal
Correct Answer
D. PropanalExplanation
Propanal is the correct answer because it is a potential IUPAC name for an organic compound with the molecular formula C3H6O. The suffix "al" in Propanal indicates that it is an aldehyde, which is a type of organic compound that contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a carbon atom. Since the molecular formula C3H6O matches the formula for Propanal, it is the most appropriate choice among the given options.Rate this question:
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- 18.
If 17 g of H2O2(l) are completely decomposed according to the equation shown, what volume of oxygen gas would be produced at standard temperature and pressure?
- A.
2.8 L
- B.
5.6 L
- C.
11.2 L
- D.
22.4 L
- E.
44.8 L
Correct Answer
B. 5.6 LExplanation
When 17 g of H2O2(l) decomposes, it produces oxygen gas according to the given equation. To determine the volume of oxygen gas produced, we need to use the concept of molar volume at standard temperature and pressure (STP). The molar volume at STP is 22.4 L/mol.
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of H2O2 using its molar mass. The molar mass of H2O2 is 34 g/mol. Therefore, 17 g of H2O2 is equal to 0.5 moles.
According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of H2O2 produces 1 mole of O2. Therefore, 0.5 moles of H2O2 would produce 0.5 moles of O2.
Finally, we can use the molar volume at STP to calculate the volume of O2 gas produced. 0.5 moles of O2 is equal to 0.5 * 22.4 L = 11.2 L.
Therefore, the correct answer is 11.2 L.Rate this question:
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- 19.
If 100.0 mL each of a 0.1 M solution of FeSO4 and a 0.1 M solution of Ba(NO3)2 are mixed, what will be the final concentration of NO3- ion in solution?
- A.
0.02 M
- B.
0.03 M
- C.
0.04 M
- D.
0.1 M
- E.
0.2 M
Correct Answer
D. 0.1 MExplanation
When a 0.1 M solution of FeSO4 and a 0.1 M solution of Ba(NO3)2 are mixed, a double displacement reaction occurs. This results in the formation of Fe(NO3)2 and BaSO4. Since Fe(NO3)2 dissociates completely in water, it will release two NO3- ions for every one Fe(NO3)2 molecule. Therefore, the final concentration of NO3- ions in the solution will be equal to the initial concentration of Ba(NO3)2, which is 0.1 M.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Given that the half-life of Na-24 is 15.0 hours, how long will it take to form the amount of a sample of Na-24 to fall to 58% of its original value?
- A.
Exactly 15.0 hours
- B.
Less than 15.0 hours
- C.
Between 15.0 and 30.0 hours
- D.
More than 30.0 hours
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Less than 15.0 hoursExplanation
The half-life of a substance is the amount of time it takes for half of the substance to decay or change. In this case, the half-life of Na-24 is 15.0 hours. If the sample falls to 58% of its original value, it means that more than half of the substance has decayed. Therefore, it would take less than 15.0 hours for the sample to reach this point.Rate this question:
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- 21.
If 50.0 mL of a 0.60 M solution of AgC2H3O2 is added to 50.0 mL of a 0.60 M solution of Li2CO3, what will be the final concentration of CO3-2 ion in solution?
- A.
.03 M
- B.
.06 M
- C.
.015 M
- D.
.15 M
- E.
.3 M
Correct Answer
D. .15 MExplanation
When 50.0 mL of a 0.60 M solution of AgC2H3O2 is added to 50.0 mL of a 0.60 M solution of Li2CO3, a double displacement reaction occurs. The silver ions (Ag+) from AgC2H3O2 react with the carbonate ions (CO3-2) from Li2CO3 to form a precipitate of silver carbonate (Ag2CO3). The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is 2AgC2H3O2 + Li2CO3 -> Ag2CO3 + 2LiC2H3O2. Since the concentration of AgC2H3O2 is 0.60 M and the volume is 50.0 mL, the moles of AgC2H3O2 is 0.60 M x 0.050 L = 0.03 moles. According to the stoichiometry of the balanced equation, 0.03 moles of AgC2H3O2 will react with 0.03 moles of Li2CO3, which is also 0.60 M x 0.050 L = 0.03 moles. Therefore, the final concentration of CO3-2 ion in solution is 0.03 moles / (50.0 mL + 50.0 mL) = 0.03 M.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which of the following is NOT an endothermic process?
- A.
Crystallization
- B.
Sublimination
- C.
Melting
- D.
Vaporization
- E.
Combustion
Correct Answer
A. CrystallizationExplanation
Crystallization is the process of forming solid crystals from a solution or a melt. It is an exothermic process because it releases heat as the molecules come together to form a solid structure. This is in contrast to endothermic processes like sublimation, melting, vaporization, and combustion, which all require an input of heat energy to occur.Rate this question:
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- 23.
If 0.70 moles of NaHCO3(s) are decomposed according to the reaction equation above, how many moles of gaseous product will be formed?
- A.
0.70 moles
- B.
1.05 moles
- C.
1.40 moles
- D.
2.8 moles
- E.
3.5 moles
Correct Answer
B. 1.05 molesExplanation
When 0.70 moles of NaHCO3(s) decompose, according to the reaction equation, a certain amount of gaseous product is formed. The question asks for the number of moles of gaseous product. The correct answer, 1.05 moles, suggests that the decomposition of 0.70 moles of NaHCO3(s) produces 1.05 moles of gaseous product.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which of the following does not occur in the reaction above?
- A.
The oxidation state of nitrogen increases.
- B.
The oxidation state of nitrogen decreases.
- C.
The oxidation state of nitrogen becomes 0.
- D.
The oxidation state of oxygen decreases.
- E.
The oxidation state of hydrogen increases.
Correct Answer
D. The oxidation state of oxygen decreases.Explanation
In the given reaction, the oxidation state of nitrogen increases from -3 to 0, indicating that it gains electrons and is reduced. The oxidation state of oxygen remains the same at -2, indicating that it neither gains nor loses electrons. Therefore, the correct answer is that the oxidation state of oxygen does not decrease.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which of the following elements is most likely to have the ionization energies shown below?First ionization energy = 799kJ/molSecond ionization energy = 2,420 kJ/molThird ionization energy = 3,660 kJ/molFourth ionization energy = 25,000 kJ/mol
- A.
Li
- B.
Be
- C.
B
- D.
O
- E.
Cl
Correct Answer
C. BExplanation
The given ionization energies increase in each successive ionization, indicating that it is becoming increasingly difficult to remove an electron from the element. This suggests that the element has a relatively low number of valence electrons, as valence electrons are easier to remove than inner electrons. Among the given options, Boron (B) is most likely to have this pattern of ionization energies, as it has 3 valence electrons.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which of the following molecules is polar (i.e. has a dipole moment)?(A) CO2(B) HF(C) CCl4(D) SF6(E) BCl3
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
E
Correct Answer
E. EExplanation
BCl3 is the correct answer because it is a trigonal planar molecule with a central boron atom bonded to three chlorine atoms. The chlorine atoms are more electronegative than boron, causing the molecule to have a net dipole moment. CO2 is a linear molecule with symmetric polar bonds, resulting in a nonpolar molecule. HF is a polar molecule due to the electronegativity difference between hydrogen and fluorine. CCl4 is a tetrahedral molecule with symmetric polar bonds, resulting in a nonpolar molecule. SF6 is an octahedral molecule with symmetric polar bonds, resulting in a nonpolar molecule.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which of the following hydrocarbons has the highest boiling point? (A) C4H10(B) These are all gases and do not boil(C) CH4(D) C2H6(E) C3H8
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
E
Correct Answer
A. AExplanation
The hydrocarbon with the highest boiling point is C4H10 (option A). This is because C4H10, also known as butane, has a larger number of carbon atoms compared to the other options. As the number of carbon atoms increases, the intermolecular forces, such as London dispersion forces, also increase. These forces require more energy to break, resulting in a higher boiling point. In contrast, options C, D, and E have fewer carbon atoms and therefore weaker intermolecular forces, leading to lower boiling points. Option B is incorrect as it states that all the hydrocarbons are gases and do not boil, which is not true.Rate this question:
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- 28.
What is the mass of an object that has a density of 0.44g/cm2 and a volume of 25cm2
- A.
28 grams
- B.
18 grams
- C.
57 grams
- D.
11 grams
- E.
27 grams
Correct Answer
D. 11 gramsExplanation
The mass of an object can be calculated by multiplying its density by its volume. In this case, the density is given as 0.44 g/cm2 and the volume is given as 25 cm2. By multiplying these two values, we get 11 grams as the mass of the object.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Glass is a(n)_______
- A.
Liquid
- B.
Crystalline Solid
- C.
Metallic Solid
- D.
Amorphous Solid
- E.
Anamorphic Solid
Correct Answer
D. Amorphous SolidExplanation
Glass is classified as an amorphous solid because it does not have a crystalline structure like other solids. Instead, its atoms are arranged randomly, giving it a disordered and non-repeating pattern. This lack of long-range order is what distinguishes glass from crystalline solids, which have a well-defined and repeating atomic arrangement. Despite its solid state, glass retains some of the characteristics of a liquid, such as the ability to flow slowly over time, which is why it is often referred to as a "supercooled liquid."Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of the following is equal to the buoyant force of a rock placed in a beaker of water?
- A.
Weight of the rock
- B.
Weight of displaced fluid
- C.
Volume of displaced fluid
- D.
Volume of the rock
- E.
Weight of the rock minus the weight of the fluid
Correct Answer
B. Weight of displaced fluidExplanation
The buoyant force experienced by an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. In this case, the rock placed in the beaker of water displaces a certain volume of water, and the buoyant force acting on the rock is equal to the weight of that displaced water. Therefore, the correct answer is "Weight of displaced fluid".Rate this question:
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- 31.
The point of a phase diagram where the solid state, the liquid state, and the gas vapor state coexist is _________
- A.
The pressure point
- B.
The critical point
- C.
The triple point
- D.
The absolute zero point
- E.
The double point
Correct Answer
C. The triple pointExplanation
The triple point is the point on a phase diagram where all three states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas vapor) can coexist in equilibrium. At this point, the temperature and pressure are fixed, allowing for the coexistence of all three states. This is a unique point on the phase diagram and represents a specific set of conditions where the substance can exist in all three phases simultaneously.Rate this question:
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