AP Ch 30 Outline Quiz

The statement is false because not all members of the kingdom Protista are unicellular. While many protists are unicellular, there are also some protists that are multicellular. For example, some algae and slime molds are multicellular protists. Therefore, the statement that all members of the kingdom Protista are unicellular is incorrect.

Brown algae along the rocky shores of the north temperate zones are able to withstand pounding tides and drying because of their holdfasts and mucilaginous cell walls. This means that the statement is true. Holdfasts are structures that anchor the algae to the rocks, preventing them from being swept away by the tides. The mucilaginous cell walls provide a protective barrier against drying out when the algae are exposed to air during low tides. Therefore, these adaptations allow brown algae to survive in the harsh and fluctuating conditions of the rocky shores in the north temperate zones.

The 1840s Irish potato famine was indeed caused by a water mold parasitic on potatoes. This water mold, known as Phytophthora infestans, infected the potato crops and caused them to rot. As a result, the Irish population heavily dependent on potatoes for sustenance faced a severe food shortage, leading to widespread famine and mass starvation. The impact of the potato famine was devastating, resulting in the death or emigration of millions of people and leaving a lasting impact on Irish society and culture.

Red tides are caused by the rapid growth and accumulation of dinoflagellates, which are a type of single-celled algae. These dinoflagellates contain pigments that give the water a reddish or brownish color, hence the name "red tide." The blooms of dinoflagellates can be harmful to marine life and humans, as they can produce toxins that can be detrimental to the health of aquatic organisms and can cause respiratory irritation in humans. Therefore, the correct answer is dinoflagellates.

The contractile vacuole is responsible for eliminating excess water from the cell. This organelle acts as a pump, collecting and expelling water through a series of contractions. By regulating the water content within the cell, the contractile vacuole helps maintain the cell's osmotic balance and prevents it from bursting or becoming too dilute. This function is particularly important for organisms living in freshwater environments or those that need to regulate their water levels in order to survive.

Zooflagellates are a group of single-celled organisms that possess whip-like flagella for movement. They include various gut symbiotes in termites, which aid in the digestion of cellulose, and the parasites that cause African sleeping sickness, a disease transmitted by the tsetse fly. These parasites belong to the genus Trypanosoma and are classified as zooflagellates due to their flagella. Therefore, zooflagellates are the correct answer as they encompass both the gut symbiotes in termites and the parasites causing African sleeping sickness.

The kingdom Protista is a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that do not fit into any other kingdom. It includes protozoa, algae, water molds, and slime molds. Yeasts, on the other hand, are single-celled fungi that belong to the kingdom Fungi, not Protista. Therefore, yeasts are not included in the kingdom Protista.

Euglenoids are unicellular algae that possess both plant-like photosynthesis and animal-like motility. They have a flagellum that allows them to move through water. Like plants, they can produce their own food through photosynthesis, but they can also feed on other organisms when necessary. Diatoms are also unicellular algae, but they lack animal-like motility. Dinoflagellates and zooflagellates are both types of protists, but they do not possess plant-like photosynthesis. Red algae, on the other hand, are multicellular organisms and do not have animal-like motility.

The correct answer is foraminiferans. Foraminiferans are single-celled organisms that have hard shells made of calcium carbonate. These organisms live in marine environments and when they die, their shells sink to the ocean floor. Over time, layers of these shells can accumulate and form sedimentary deposits. The White Cliffs of Dover, famous for their white chalky appearance, are composed of these sedimentary deposits made up of foraminiferan shells.

Red algae are the type of algae that help to build a coral reef. They form a symbiotic relationship with the coral polyps, providing them with essential nutrients through photosynthesis. Red algae are able to thrive in the warm, shallow waters where coral reefs are found, and their calcareous skeletons contribute to the structure and stability of the reef. Other types of algae, such as diatoms, dinoflagellates, brown algae, and multicellular green algae, may also be present in coral reef ecosystems, but they do not play as significant a role in coral reef formation as red algae.

Paramecium is a member of the ciliate group of protists. It is a single-celled organism that is characterized by its unique shape and the presence of cilia, which it uses for movement and feeding. Paramecium is commonly found in freshwater environments and is an important part of the microbial community. It is distinct from other options like Amoeba proteus, Plasmodium vivax, Chlamydomonas, and Penicillium, which belong to different groups of protists and have different characteristics and lifestyles.