AP Biology Test #2 Molecules And Cells

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  • 1/75 Questions

    The process taking place below is called

    • Endocytosis
    • Exocytosis
    • Active transport
    • Passive transport
    • Facilitated diffusion
Please wait...
AP Biology Test #2 Molecules And Cells - Quiz
About This Quiz

Multiple Choice: Choose the BEST answer form the choices given.

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  • 2. 

    The process taking place in the diagram below is

    • Osmosis

    • Facilitated diffusion

    • Cyclosis

    • Pinocytosis

    • Exocytosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Facilitated diffusion
    Explanation
    The process taking place in the diagram is facilitated diffusion. Facilitated diffusion is the passive movement of molecules across a cell membrane with the help of transport proteins. In this process, molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, without the need for energy input. The diagram likely shows the transport proteins embedded in the cell membrane, allowing the molecules to pass through.

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  • 3. 

    Refer to the cell diagram below.  The organelle labelled 6 is:

    • Responsible for the production of DNA

    • Responsible for the production of ATP

    • Responsible for the production of rRNA

    • Responsible for the production of water

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Responsible for the production of ATP
    Explanation
    The organelle labelled 6 is responsible for the production of ATP. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the main energy currency of the cell, and it is produced through cellular respiration in the mitochondria. The mitochondria have an inner membrane that contains enzymes and proteins involved in the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, organelle 6 in the cell diagram is most likely the mitochondria.

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  • 4. 

    A researcher is observing a cell through a microscope.  She determines that it is a plant cell because she observes a

    • Mitochondrion

    • Lysosomes

    • Centriole

    • Central vacuole

    • Nucleus

    Correct Answer
    A. Central vacuole
    Explanation
    The researcher determines that the cell is a plant cell because she observes a central vacuole. Central vacuoles are large, membrane-bound organelles that are found in plant cells, but are not typically present in animal cells. The central vacuole plays a crucial role in maintaining the cell's turgor pressure, storing water, nutrients, and waste products, and regulating cell growth and development. Therefore, the presence of a central vacuole indicates that the cell is a plant cell.

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  • 5. 
    The diagram below shows a prokaryotic cell.  This can easily determined because: - ProProfs

    The diagram below shows a prokaryotic cell.  This can easily determined because:

    • The cell lacks DNA

    • The cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

    • The cell has a flagellum

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. The cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
    Explanation
    The correct answer is that the cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. This can be determined by observing the diagram, which does not show any distinct structures such as a nucleus or organelles enclosed by membranes. Prokaryotic cells are known to lack these features, unlike eukaryotic cells. The absence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles is a characteristic feature of prokaryotic cells.

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  • 6. 

    Human red blood cells were placed into a solution isotonic to the cells. Which of the following resulted?

    • The cells hemolyzed

    • The cells crenated

    • The cells remained unchanged

    • The cells increased in volume

    • The cells decreased in volume

    Correct Answer
    A. The cells remained unchanged
    Explanation
    When red blood cells are placed in a solution that is isotonic to them, it means that the concentration of solutes in the solution is the same as the concentration inside the cells. This creates an equilibrium, where there is no net movement of water into or out of the cells. As a result, the cells do not gain or lose water, and their volume remains the same. Therefore, the correct answer is that the cells remained unchanged.

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  • 7. 

    The major component of the fluid bilayer of a plasma membrane.

    • Glycocalyx

    • Cholesterol

    • Triglyceride

    • Phospholipid

    • Protein

    Correct Answer
    A. Phospholipid
    Explanation
    Phospholipids are the major component of the fluid bilayer of a plasma membrane. They have a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails, which allow them to form a double layer in the membrane. This arrangement provides a barrier that separates the inside and outside of the cell, while still allowing for the passage of certain molecules. Phospholipids play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and fluidity of the cell membrane.

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  • 8. 
    The graph below shows a catalyzed reaction vs. an uncatalyzed reaction.  Which of the following statements is true about the graph? - ProProfs

    The graph below shows a catalyzed reaction vs. an uncatalyzed reaction.  Which of the following statements is true about the graph?

    • The Catalyst lowers the energy needed for the reaction to proceed.

    • The Catalyst raises the energy needed for the reaction to proceed.

    • The Catalyst does not affect the reaction.

    • The reaction will not work without the catalyst

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. The Catalyst lowers the energy needed for the reaction to proceed.
    Explanation
    The graph clearly shows that the catalyzed reaction has a lower activation energy compared to the uncatalyzed reaction. This indicates that the catalyst effectively lowers the energy barrier for the reaction to occur, allowing it to proceed more easily. Therefore, the statement "The Catalyst lowers the energy needed for the reaction to proceed" is true based on the information provided by the graph.

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  • 9. 

    When the cell membrane disconnects from the cell wall due to loss of fluid this process is know as

    • Crenation

    • Cyclosis

    • Plasmolysis

    • Hemolysis

    • Autolysis

    Correct Answer
    A. Plasmolysis
    Explanation
    Plasmolysis occurs when the cell membrane separates from the cell wall due to the loss of fluid. This process typically happens in plant cells when they are placed in a hypertonic solution, causing water to leave the cell. The loss of water causes the cell membrane to shrink away from the cell wall, resulting in plasmolysis. This can have detrimental effects on the cell's structure and function.

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  • 10. 

    MItochondria are referred to as the "power-houses" of the cell. Which of the following best supports this statement:

    • Mitochondria are present in almost all plant and animal cells

    • Mitochondria are self-replicating

    • ATP is found in mitochondria

    • The Calvin cycle occurs in mitochondria

    • Mitochondria have cristae

    Correct Answer
    A. ATP is found in mitochondria
    Explanation
    ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the main source of energy for cellular activities. It is produced through the process of cellular respiration, which takes place in the mitochondria. Therefore, the presence of ATP in mitochondria supports the statement that mitochondria are the "power-houses" of the cell.

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  • 11. 

    The movement of sodium ions from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called...

    • Active transport

    • Osmosis

    • Diffusion

    • Phagocytosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Diffusion
    Explanation
    Diffusion is the correct answer because it refers to the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In this case, the movement of sodium ions follows the principle of diffusion as they move down their concentration gradient. Active transport refers to the movement of particles against their concentration gradient, osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane, and phagocytosis refers to the process of engulfing and digesting solid particles by cells.

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  • 12. 

    A complex polysaccharide that forms the exoskeleton of insects, crustaceans and other invertebrates is

    • Cellulose

    • Glycogen

    • Bone

    • Chitin

    • Pectin

    Correct Answer
    A. Chitin
    Explanation
    Chitin is a complex polysaccharide that forms the exoskeleton of insects, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. It is a structural component that provides strength and protection to their bodies. Chitin is a tough and flexible material that is resistant to degradation, making it ideal for forming the exoskeleton. Cellulose is another polysaccharide, but it is found in the cell walls of plants, not in the exoskeleton of invertebrates. Glycogen is a storage form of glucose in animals, bone is a mineralized connective tissue found in vertebrates, and pectin is a structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls.

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  • 13. 

    Buffers are important in living systems since they...

    • Tend to prevent drastic changes in pH

    • Help to produce a pH of more than 14

    • Help to produce a pH of less than 1

    • Tend to produce drastic changes in pH

    • Help to maintain a pH of 4 in all cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Tend to prevent drastic changes in pH
    Explanation
    Buffers are important in living systems because they tend to prevent drastic changes in pH. Buffers are substances that can resist changes in pH by accepting or donating protons (H+ ions) when necessary. They help to maintain the pH within a narrow range, which is crucial for the proper functioning of biological processes. Without buffers, even slight changes in pH could have harmful effects on enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules, disrupting their structure and function. Therefore, buffers play a vital role in maintaining the stability and homeostasis of living systems.

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  • 14. 

    What would be the effect on an atom if the number of electrons of the atom were changed?

    • The ionic charge would change

    • The pH would decrease

    • The pH would increase

    • An isotope of the atom would be created

    • The atom would change to an atom of a different element

    Correct Answer
    A. The ionic charge would change
    Explanation
    If the number of electrons of an atom were changed, it would result in a change in the ionic charge. The number of electrons determines the overall charge of an atom, and if this number is altered, the atom will either gain or lose electrons, leading to a change in its ionic charge.

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  • 15. 
    The process taking place below is called - ProProfs

    The process taking place below is called

    • Endocytosis

    • Pinocytosis

    • Phagocytosis

    • Exocytosis

    • Cyclosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Exocytosis
    Explanation
    Exocytosis is the process where cells release substances from their cytoplasm to the external environment. This process involves the fusion of vesicles containing the substances with the cell membrane, resulting in the release of the contents outside the cell. This is the opposite of endocytosis, where substances are taken into the cell. Neither pinocytosis nor phagocytosis involve the release of substances from the cell. Cyclosis refers to the movement of cytoplasm within a cell, which is not the process described here. Therefore, the correct answer is exocytosis.

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  • 16. 

    Why is the phospholipid molecule so appropriate as the primary structural component of plasma membranes?

    • Phospholipids are completely insoluble in water.

    • Phospholipids form strong chemical bonds between the molecules, forming a stable structure.

    • Phospholipids form a selectively permeable structure.

    • Phospholipids form chemical bonds with membrane proteins that keep the proteins within the membrane.

    Correct Answer
    A. Phospholipids form a selectively permeable structure.
    Explanation
    Phospholipids form a selectively permeable structure because of their unique composition. They have a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails. When phospholipids arrange themselves in a bilayer, the hydrophilic heads face outward towards the watery environment while the hydrophobic tails face inward, creating a barrier that only allows certain molecules to pass through. This selective permeability allows the plasma membrane to control the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis and allowing for essential cellular processes to occur.

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  • 17. 

    Steroid affecting the fluidity of the plasma membrane.

    • Glycocalyx

    • Cholesterol

    • Triglyceride

    • Phospholipid

    • Protein

    Correct Answer
    A. Cholesterol
    Explanation
    Cholesterol is a steroid that is present in the plasma membrane. It plays a crucial role in regulating the fluidity of the membrane. Cholesterol molecules are interspersed between the phospholipids in the membrane, reducing their mobility and preventing the membrane from becoming too fluid or too rigid. This helps maintain the integrity and stability of the plasma membrane. Therefore, cholesterol affects the fluidity of the plasma membrane.

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  • 18. 
    Refer to the molecule below - ProProfs

    Refer to the molecule below

    • This molecule is used to transport oxygen in the blood

    • Starch is a polymer of this molecule

    • This is a sterol found in cell membranes and is associated with atherosclerosis

    • This molecule could result from the hydrolysis of a protein

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. This is a sterol found in cell membranes and is associated with atherosclerosis
    Explanation
    The given molecule is a sterol found in cell membranes and is associated with atherosclerosis. Sterols are a type of lipid and are important components of cell membranes. Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries, and sterols, such as cholesterol, play a role in this process. Therefore, the given molecule fits the description of a sterol found in cell membranes and associated with atherosclerosis.

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  • 19. 

    Carrier molecule in the plasma membrane.

    • Glycocalyx

    • Cholesterol

    • Triglyceride

    • Phospholipid

    • Protein

    Correct Answer
    A. Protein
    Explanation
    Proteins are the carrier molecules in the plasma membrane. They play a crucial role in transporting various substances across the membrane, including ions, nutrients, and waste products. Proteins also help in cell signaling and communication by acting as receptors or channels. Additionally, proteins provide structural support and help maintain the integrity of the plasma membrane. Therefore, proteins are essential components of the plasma membrane and function as carrier molecules.

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  • 20. 

    All of the following are found in prokaryotic cells EXCEPT:

    • The plasma membrane

    • Circular DNA

    • Ribosomes

    • A nuclear envelope

    • Plasmids

    Correct Answer
    A. A nuclear envelope
    Explanation
    Prokaryotic cells are characterized by the absence of a nucleus, which means they lack a nuclear envelope. Instead, their genetic material is present in the form of circular DNA. Prokaryotic cells do have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, and may also contain plasmids, which are small, circular DNA molecules separate from the main chromosome.

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  • 21. 
    Refer to the molecule below - ProProfs

    Refer to the molecule below

    • This molecule is used to transport oxygen in the blood

    • Starch is a polymer of this molecule

    • This is a sterol found in cell membranes and is associated with atherosclerosis

    • This molecule could result from the hydrolysis of a protein

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Starch is a polymer of this molecule
    Explanation
    Starch is a polymer of glucose. Glucose is a simple sugar molecule that is used by cells as a source of energy. Starch is a polysaccharide, which means it is made up of many glucose molecules bonded together. It is commonly found in plants and serves as a storage form of energy. When consumed, starch is broken down into glucose molecules by enzymes in the body, which can then be used for energy production.

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  • 22. 

    Which best describes the structure of a plasma membrane?

    • Proteins embedded within two layers of phospholipids.

    • Phospholipids sandwiched between two layers of proteins.

    • Proteins sandwiched between two layers of phospholipids.

    • A layer of proteins on top of a layer of phospholipids.

    Correct Answer
    A. Proteins embedded within two layers of phospholipids.
    Explanation
    The plasma membrane is composed of two layers of phospholipids, with proteins embedded within these layers. This arrangement is known as the fluid mosaic model, where the phospholipids form a fluid bilayer and the proteins are dispersed throughout, either partially or fully spanning the membrane. The proteins play crucial roles in various cellular functions, such as transport of molecules across the membrane, cell signaling, and structural support.

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  • 23. 

    Which of the following processes requires membrane proteins?

    • Exocytosis

    • Phagocytosis

    • Receptor-mediated endocytosis

    • Pinocytosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
    Explanation
    Receptor-mediated endocytosis is the process that requires membrane proteins. This process involves the binding of specific ligands to receptors on the cell membrane, which then triggers the formation of vesicles that transport the ligands into the cell. These receptors are integral membrane proteins that are responsible for recognizing and binding to the specific ligands. Without these membrane proteins, receptor-mediated endocytosis would not be possible. Exocytosis, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis do not necessarily require membrane proteins for their execution.

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  • 24. 

    What would be the effect on an atom if the number of neutrons of the atom were changed?

    • The ionic charge would change

    • The pH would decrease

    • The pH would increase

    • An isotope of the atom would be created

    • The atom would change to an atom of a different element

    Correct Answer
    A. An isotope of the atom would be created
    Explanation
    If the number of neutrons of an atom were changed, an isotope of the atom would be created. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. Changing the number of neutrons would result in a different isotope of the same element, which may have different physical and chemical properties. This change in the number of neutrons does not affect the ionic charge, pH, or the element itself.

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  • 25. 

    Humans lack the enzyme necessary to digest which of the following carbohydrates?

    • Cellulose

    • Amylose

    • Sucrose

    • Lactose

    • Maltose

    Correct Answer
    A. Cellulose
    Explanation
    Cellulose is the correct answer because humans lack the enzyme called cellulase, which is required to break down cellulose into its constituent glucose molecules. While humans can digest other carbohydrates such as amylose, sucrose, lactose, and maltose with the help of specific enzymes, cellulose cannot be broken down and remains undigested in the human digestive system.

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  • 26. 

    Required in ionic form for the activity of many enzymes, the maintenance of bone, and the contraction of muscle fibers. 

    • Iron

    • Zinc

    • Magnesium

    • Calcium

    • Sulfur

    Correct Answer
    A. Calcium
    Explanation
    Calcium is required in ionic form for the activity of many enzymes, the maintenance of bone, and the contraction of muscle fibers. Calcium ions play a crucial role in various enzymatic reactions, including those involved in muscle contraction and bone formation. They also help in the transmission of nerve impulses and the release of neurotransmitters. Additionally, calcium is necessary for the proper functioning of muscles, as it is involved in the interaction between actin and myosin, which allows muscle fibers to contract.

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  • 27. 

    In a laboratory a student found a cell under high power of the microscope.  In order to calculate the correct power of magnification she would:

    • Add the power of the eyepiece with the power of the objective

    • multiply the power of the eyepiece with the power of the objective

    • Add the power of the iris with the power of the condense

    • Multiply the power of the iris to the power of the condenser

    Correct Answer
    A. multiply the power of the eyepiece with the power of the objective
    Explanation
    The correct power of magnification is calculated by multiplying the power of the eyepiece with the power of the objective. This is because the eyepiece magnifies the image produced by the objective lens, resulting in a higher overall magnification. Adding the powers of the eyepiece and objective would not accurately calculate the magnification. Similarly, the power of the iris and condenser are not relevant to calculating magnification.

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  • 28. 

    Lipid molecules are also known as triglycerides since they contain three

    • Glycerol molecules

    • Fatty acids

    • Hydroxy alcohols

    • Phosphates

    • Polar groups

    Correct Answer
    A. Fatty acids
    Explanation
    Lipid molecules are known as triglycerides because they consist of three fatty acid molecules. Fatty acids are organic molecules that have a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end. They are the building blocks of lipids and play a crucial role in energy storage and insulation in the body. Therefore, the correct answer is fatty acids.

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  • 29. 

    All of the following may be functions of proteins in the plasma membrane EXCEPT:

    • Transport of substances across the membrane

    • Catalysis of substances inside the cell

    • Transmission of a signal recieved from a hormone outside the cell into chemical activity inside the cell

    • Formation of junctions between the cell membranes of two adjacent cells

    • Replication of DNA

    Correct Answer
    A. Replication of DNA
    Explanation
    Proteins in the plasma membrane are responsible for various functions, including transport of substances across the membrane, catalysis of substances inside the cell, transmission of signals from outside the cell, and formation of junctions between adjacent cells. However, replication of DNA is not a function of proteins in the plasma membrane. DNA replication occurs in the nucleus of the cell and is carried out by enzymes specifically involved in DNA replication, not proteins in the plasma membrane.

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  • 30. 

    An organism could be classified as a bacterium based upon the presence of...

    • A nuclear membrane

    • Chloroplasts

    • A circular chromosome

    • Mitochrondia

    • Golgi complexes

    Correct Answer
    A. A circular chromosome
    Explanation
    An organism could be classified as a bacterium based upon the presence of a circular chromosome. Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms, which means they lack a true nucleus and their genetic material is organized in a circular chromosome. This characteristic distinguishes them from eukaryotic organisms, which have a nuclear membrane and linear chromosomes. The presence of a circular chromosome is a defining feature of bacteria and is used to classify them as such.

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  • 31. 

    If the concentration of the FLACCID CELL is 2% then the solute concentration in the environment of the cell may be

    • 1.0%

    • 5.0%

    • 0.5%

    • 2.0%

    • 0.2%

    Correct Answer
    A. 5.0%
    Explanation
    If the concentration of the FLACCID CELL is 2%, then the solute concentration in the environment of the cell may be 5.0%. This is because when a cell is in a hypotonic environment, water will move into the cell through osmosis to equalize the concentration of solutes on both sides of the cell membrane. Therefore, the solute concentration in the environment must be higher than the concentration inside the cell, which is 2%. Among the given options, 5.0% is the only concentration that is higher than 2%.

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  • 32. 

    The biochemical process by which most organisms extract energy from food is known as

    • Anabolism

    • Saprophytism

    • Parasitism

    • Commensalism

    • Catabolism

    Correct Answer
    A. Catabolism
    Explanation
    Catabolism is the correct answer because it refers to the biochemical process through which organisms break down complex molecules to release energy. This process involves the breakdown of food molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, and the release of energy in the form of ATP. Anabolism, on the other hand, refers to the process of building complex molecules from simpler ones, which is the opposite of catabolism. Saprophytism, parasitism, and commensalism are not related to the extraction of energy from food.

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  • 33. 

    Unsaturated and saturated fatty acids differ in that the former have...

    • More oxygen atoms

    • Fewer carboxyl groups

    • Carbon to carbon double bonds

    • More hydrogen atoms

    • Amino groups

    Correct Answer
    A. Carbon to carbon double bonds
    Explanation
    Unsaturated fatty acids have carbon to carbon double bonds, whereas saturated fatty acids do not have any double bonds between carbon atoms. This difference in the chemical structure of the fatty acids affects their physical properties and biological functions.

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  • 34. 
    How is a saturated fatty acid different from an unsaturated fatty acid? - ProProfs

    How is a saturated fatty acid different from an unsaturated fatty acid?

    • Saturated fatty acids contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

    • Saturated fatty acids are found only in oils.

    • Carbons in saturated fatty acids are bonded together only with covalent bonds.

    • Saturated fatty acids contain only carbon-carbon single bonds.

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Saturated fatty acids contain only carbon-carbon single bonds.
    Explanation
    Saturated fatty acids are different from unsaturated fatty acids because they contain only carbon-carbon single bonds. This means that all of the carbon atoms in a saturated fatty acid are bonded to each other with single bonds, resulting in a straight, rigid structure. In contrast, unsaturated fatty acids contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond, which introduces a kink or bend in the carbon chain. This double bond also allows for the possibility of additional hydrogen atoms to be added, making unsaturated fatty acids more flexible and fluid compared to saturated fatty acids.

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  • 35. 

    Carbon 13 and Carbon 14 are isotopes and therefore have different numbers of

    • Electrons

    • Neutrons

    • Protons

    • Electrons and neutrons

    • Protons and electrons

    Correct Answer
    A. Neutrons
    Explanation
    Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. Carbon 13 and Carbon 14 are both isotopes of carbon, but they have different numbers of neutrons. Therefore, the correct answer is neutrons.

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  • 36. 

    Cyanide poisoning is fatal within minutes since it binds irreversibly with the active sites of respiratory enzymes.  Cyanide acts as a(an)

    • Competitive inhibitor

    • Coenzyme

    • Allosteric inhibitor

    • Allosteric stimulator

    • Enzyme cofactor

    Correct Answer
    A. Competitive inhibitor
    Explanation
    Cyanide poisoning is fatal within minutes because it binds irreversibly with the active sites of respiratory enzymes. This means that cyanide acts as a competitive inhibitor, which competes with the substrate for the active site of the enzyme. By binding to the active site, cyanide prevents the substrate from binding and carrying out its normal function. This inhibition of respiratory enzymes ultimately leads to the cessation of cellular respiration and, consequently, cell death.

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  • 37. 

    Two molecules with the same molecular formula have different biological effects.  This can be best explained if 

    • One of the molecules has a greater molecular weight

    • Both of the molecules have carbon chains that are unbranched

    • The two molecules are isomers

    • The two molecules are isotopes

    • The two molecules are inorganic

    Correct Answer
    A. The two molecules are isomers
    Explanation
    Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. These different arrangements can result in different biological effects. Therefore, the fact that two molecules with the same molecular formula have different biological effects can be best explained by the possibility that they are isomers.

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  • 38. 

    From the appearance of the TURGID CELL, it can be concluded that

    • The environment is hypertonic to the cell

    • The environment is hypotonic to the cell

    • The cell is hypotonic to the environment

    • Solute concentration of the environment is greater than the solute concentration of the cell

    • The cell and the environment are isotonic to each other

    Correct Answer
    A. The environment is hypotonic to the cell
    Explanation
    Based on the appearance of the turgid cell, it can be concluded that the environment is hypotonic to the cell. This is because a turgid cell is swollen and firm, indicating that water has entered the cell due to osmosis. In a hypotonic environment, there is a higher concentration of water outside the cell compared to inside, causing water to move into the cell to equalize the solute concentration.

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  • 39. 
    Refer to the molecule below - ProProfs

    Refer to the molecule below

    • This molecule is used to transport oxygen in the blood

    • Starch is a polymer of this molecule

    • This is a sterol found in cell membranes and is associated with atherosclerosis

    • This molecule could result from the hydrolysis of a protein

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. This molecule is used to transport oxygen in the blood
    Explanation
    The molecule referred to in the answer is hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and transports it throughout the body. It is responsible for the red color of blood and plays a crucial role in oxygen delivery to tissues. Therefore, it is used to transport oxygen in the blood.

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  • 40. 

    It is believed that an increase in the CO2 in the earth's atmosphere is causing

    • A decrease in the earth's temperature

    • A depletion of the ozone layer

    • An increase in the U-V radiation reaching the earth

    • The greenhouse effect

    • The pollution of our rivers

    Correct Answer
    A. The greenhouse effect
    Explanation
    The increase in CO2 in the earth's atmosphere is causing the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect refers to the trapping of heat in the earth's atmosphere due to the presence of greenhouse gases like CO2. When CO2 levels increase, more heat is trapped, leading to a rise in global temperatures. This phenomenon is responsible for climate change and its associated impacts, such as melting ice caps, rising sea levels, and extreme weather events.

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  • 41. 

    Sugar and CO2 are dissolved in water to make soft drinks.  Which of the following is the solute

    • Only the water

    • Only the CO2

    • Only the sugar

    • Both the sugar and the CO2

    • Both the sugar and the water

    Correct Answer
    A. Both the sugar and the CO2
    Explanation
    In this question, the solute refers to the substance that is being dissolved in the solvent, which in this case is water. Both sugar and CO2 are being dissolved in water to make soft drinks, so both the sugar and the CO2 are the solutes in this scenario.

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  • 42. 

    All of the following are considered proteins EXCEPT:

    • Antibodies

    • Enzymes

    • Collagen

    • Dehydrogenase

    • Steroids

    Correct Answer
    A. Steroids
    Explanation
    Proteins are large, complex molecules that play crucial roles in the body, such as acting as enzymes, antibodies, and structural components like collagen. Dehydrogenase is an enzyme, so it is considered a protein. Steroids, on the other hand, are a type of lipid and not classified as proteins. Therefore, steroids are not considered proteins.

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  • 43. 
    What is the correct term for the graph below? - ProProfs

    What is the correct term for the graph below?

    • Endothermic

    • Exothermic

    • Kinetic

    • Passive

    • Noneof the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Exothermic
    Explanation
    The correct term for the graph below is "Exothermic." This term is used to describe a chemical reaction or process that releases energy in the form of heat. In an exothermic reaction, the products have lower energy than the reactants, resulting in a negative change in enthalpy. This graph likely represents a reaction where the energy of the products is lower than the energy of the reactants, indicating that heat is being released.

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  • 44. 

    A person is diagnosed as having anemia characterized by the lack of red blood cells.  An insufficient amount of which inorganic cofactor could be the cause

    • Ca++

    • Mg++

    • Fe++

    • Pb++

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Fe++
    Explanation
    Anemia is characterized by a lack of red blood cells, which are responsible for carrying oxygen to the body's tissues. Iron (Fe++) is an essential component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen. Without sufficient iron, the body cannot produce enough healthy red blood cells, leading to anemia. Therefore, an insufficient amount of iron could be the cause of the person's anemia.

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  • 45. 

    MHC proteins are...

    • Molecules that determine a person's blood type.

    • Large molecules that pass through the membrane many times.

    • Identity markers present on the surface of an individual's cells.

    • Different for each type of tissue in the body.

    Correct Answer
    A. Identity markers present on the surface of an individual's cells.
    Explanation
    MHC proteins, also known as major histocompatibility complex proteins, are identity markers present on the surface of an individual's cells. These proteins play a crucial role in the immune system by presenting fragments of foreign substances, such as pathogens, to immune cells. This allows the immune system to recognize and eliminate any potentially harmful invaders. MHC proteins are not related to determining a person's blood type, passing through the membrane multiple times, or being different for each type of tissue in the body.

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  • 46. 

    All of the following are true amino acids EXCEPT

    • They compose all enzymes and some hormones

    • They contain an amino group and a carboxyl group

    • They can act as buffers

    • They are building blocks of steroids

    • They are found in hemoglobin

    Correct Answer
    A. They are building blocks of steroids
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "they are building blocks of steroids." Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, not steroids. Steroids are a class of organic compounds that have a different structure and function than amino acids.

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  • 47. 

    Which of the following is a structural polysaccaride

    • Amylose

    • Cellulose

    • Glycogen

    • Amylopectin

    • Starch

    Correct Answer
    A. Cellulose
    Explanation
    Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide because it is a major component of plant cell walls, providing structural support to the plant. It is made up of long chains of glucose molecules linked together, forming a strong and rigid structure. Amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen are all storage polysaccharides, used for energy storage in plants and animals. Starch is a mixture of amylose and amylopectin, also used for energy storage.

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  • 48. 

    What would be the effect on an atom if the number of protons of the atom were changed?

    • The ionic charge would change

    • The pH would decrease

    • The pH would increase

    • An isotope of the atom would be created

    • The atom would change to an atom of a different element

    Correct Answer
    A. The atom would change to an atom of a different element
    Explanation
    Changing the number of protons in an atom would result in a different element because the number of protons determines the atomic number, which defines the identity of an element. Each element has a unique number of protons in its nucleus, so altering this number would change the element itself. This is because the number of protons determines the chemical properties and behavior of an atom. Therefore, the correct answer is that the atom would change to an atom of a different element.

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  • 49. 
    The diagram below shows a plant cell.  This can easily determined because of the presence of: - ProProfs

    The diagram below shows a plant cell.  This can easily determined because of the presence of:

    • A cell wall

    • A large vacuole

    • Chloroplasts

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The presence of a cell wall, a large vacuole, and chloroplasts in the diagram indicates that it is a plant cell. Plant cells are characterized by having a cell wall, which provides structural support and protection, a large vacuole, which stores water and nutrients, and chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above."

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 19, 2023 +

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 19, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Nov 18, 2010
    Quiz Created by
    Joemollica

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