Anatomy Exam 4 Practice Quiz

The correct answer is 11-12. The ribs numbered 11 and 12 are embedded in the abdominal wall.

The head of the rib contains the superior and inferior facets. These facets are important for the articulation of the rib with the vertebrae. The head of the rib is located at the posterior end and is shaped like a wedge. It is responsible for connecting the rib to the thoracic vertebrae, forming a joint that allows for movement and flexibility. The superior and inferior facets on the head of the rib provide points of attachment for ligaments and muscles, contributing to the stability and function of the ribcage.

The transverse thoracic plane is located at the level of the sternal angle, which is the junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum. It extends horizontally and connects to the T4-T5 intervertebral disc. This plane is important in clinical practice as it is commonly used as a reference point for various procedures and measurements in the thoracic region.

The trapezius muscle is not considered part of the thoracic wall. The thoracic wall consists of the integument (skin), fascia, intercostal muscles, and serratus anterior muscle. The trapezius muscle is actually located in the upper back and is not directly associated with the thoracic wall. It plays a role in movements of the shoulder and neck, but it is not part of the structure that forms the thoracic cavity.

The correct answer is superior thoracic aperture. The superior thoracic aperture is the opening at the top of the thoracic cavity, bounded by the T1 vertebra, the 1st pair of ribs and their costal cartilages, and the superior border of the manubrium. This aperture allows for the passage of structures between the thoracic cavity and the neck, such as the trachea, esophagus, and blood vessels.

The midclavicular line is parallel to and on the same coronal plane as the midsternal line. It is a vertical line that passes through the midpoint of the clavicle, dividing the anterior chest wall into equal halves. This line is commonly used as a reference point for locating anatomical structures and landmarks on the chest.

Ribs attached to the costal margin are not 1-7, but rather 8, 9, and sometimes 10.

The grooves in T1 are for the subclavian veins and subclavian arteries. These grooves provide a space for these blood vessels to pass through the thoracic region. The subclavian veins and arteries are important for the transportation of blood to and from the upper extremities.

The manubrium is a component of the sternum, and it consists of several features. The jugular notch is a depression in the superior part of the manubrium that articulates with the clavicle. The clavicular notches are located on the lateral sides of the manubrium and articulate with the clavicles. The synchondrosis of the 1st ribs refers to the cartilaginous joint between the first rib and the manubrium. However, costal notches are not a component of the manubrium. Costal notches are found on the lateral sides of the sternum, specifically on the body of the sternum, and they articulate with the cartilages of the ribs.

The xyphoid process is a small, cartilaginous extension at the lower end of the sternum. It is located at the level of the tenth thoracic vertebrae, which is commonly abbreviated as T10.

The ninth intercostal space is located between the eighth and ninth ribs. Each intercostal space corresponds to the space between two adjacent ribs. Therefore, the ninth intercostal space would be the area between the eighth and ninth ribs.

The clavicular notches and jugular notches are not components of the body of the sternum. The body of the sternum mainly consists of the costal notches, manubriosternal joint, and sternal angle. The clavicular notches are located on the superior surface of the manubrium, where the clavicles articulate with the sternum. The jugular notches are depressions on the superior border of the manubrium, where the jugular veins can be found.

The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerve, which arises from the cervical nerves C3, C4, and C5. These nerves originate from the spinal cord in the neck region and provide motor and sensory innervation to the diaphragm. The vagus nerve, on the other hand, does not directly innervate the diaphragm but plays a role in regulating its function. Cervical nerves III and IV do not exist, so they cannot innervate the diaphragm.

The transverse process of the vertebra articulates at the tubercle of the rib. This is where the rib connects to the vertebrae. The costotransverse ligament also plays a role in this articulation, providing stability and support to the joint. The other options, such as the costal cartilage, clavicle, and manubrium, are not directly involved in the articulation at the tubercle of the rib.

The ribs T10, T11, and T12 have no demifacets. Demifacets are small, flat surfaces on the head of each rib that articulate with the corresponding vertebrae. However, these three ribs do not have demifacets, indicating that they do not articulate with the vertebrae in the same way as the other ribs.

The aorta and spinal cord both pass posterior to the diaphragm. The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, and it passes through a hole in the diaphragm called the aortic hiatus. The spinal cord is a long, cylindrical bundle of nerves that runs through the vertebral column and extends down to the lower back. Both structures are located behind the diaphragm in the posterior aspect of the body.